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We thus use the complex spectrum of the superoperator to provide necessary conditions relevant for complete positivity of qubit channels and to express various metrics such as average gate fidelity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2018-04-11-60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T14:24:46Z","timestamp":1523456686000},"page":"60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gauge invariant information concerning quantum channels"],"prefix":"10.22331","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Rudnicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Z\u00fclpicher Stra\u00dfe 77, D-50937, Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32\/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Pucha\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. \u0141ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Zyczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnik\u00f3w 32\/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. \u0141ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}]}],"member":"9598","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"R. 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