{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:19:57Z","timestamp":1770895197926,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Verein zur Forderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Council","award":["637352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["637352"]}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Future Fellowship","award":["FT160100073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT160100073"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["quantum-journal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the conditions under which an uncontrollable background processes may be harnessed by an agent to perform a task that would otherwise be impossible within their operational framework. This situation can be understood from the perspective of resource theory: rather than harnessing 'useful' quantum states to perform tasks, we propose a resource theory of quantum processes across multiple points in time. Uncontrollable background processes fulfil the role of resources, and a new set of objects called <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\"><mml:mtext class=\"MJX-tex-mathit\" mathvariant=\"italic\">superprocesses<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, corresponding to operationally implementable control of the system undergoing the process, constitute the transformations between them. After formally introducing a framework for deriving resource theories of multi-time processes, we present a hierarchy of examples induced by restricting quantum or classical communication within the superprocess \u2014 corresponding to a client-server scenario. The resulting nine resource theories have different notions of quantum or classical memory as the determinant of their utility. Furthermore, one of these theories has a strict correspondence between non-useful processes and those that are Markovian and, therefore, could be said to be a true 'quantum resource theory of non-Markovianity'.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2021-04-20-435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T14:05:10Z","timestamp":1618927510000},"page":"435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22331\/q-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Resource theories of multi-time processes: A window into quantum non-Markovianity"],"prefix":"10.22331","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Graeme D.","family":"Berk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia"}]},{"given":"Andrew J. P.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Yadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom."}]},{"given":"Kavan","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia"}]},{"given":"Felix A.","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia"}]}],"member":"9598","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. 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