{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:29:14Z","timestamp":1758814154624},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Verein zur Forderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DI2016 014846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DI2016 014846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DI2018 010848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DI2018 010848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/21\/B\/ST2\/02559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/21\/B\/ST2\/02559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/25\/N\/ST2\/01163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/N\/ST2\/01163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/25\/N\/ST2\/00713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/N\/ST2\/00713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAB\/2018\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAB\/2018\/4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["quantum-journal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Certification of nonlocality of quantum mechanics is an important fundamental test that typically requires prolonged data collection and is only revealed in an in-depth analysis. These features are often particularly exposed in hybrid systems, such as interfaces between light and atomic ensembles. Certification of entanglement from images acquired with single-photon camera can mitigate this issue by exploiting multiplexed photon generation. Here we demonstrate this feature in a quantum memory (QM) operating in a real-time feedback mode. Through spatially-multimode spin-wave storage the QM enables operation of the real-time ghost imaging (GI) protocol. By properly preparing the spatial phase of light emitted by the atoms we enable observation of Bell-type nonlocality from a single image acquired in the far field as witnessed by the Bell parameter of <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.227<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.007<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>. Our results are an important step towards fast and efficient utilization of multimode quantum memories both in protocols and in fundamental tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2021-07-01-493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T15:51:32Z","timestamp":1625154692000},"page":"493","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.22331\/q-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Real-time ghost imaging of Bell-nonlocal entanglement between a photon and a quantum memory"],"prefix":"10.22331","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Mazelanik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Leszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Lipka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Wasilewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Parniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]}],"member":"9598","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. J. Freedman and J. F. Clauser, Physical Review Letters 28, 938 (1972).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.28.938"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Aspect, P. Grangier, and G. Roger, Physical Review Letters 49, 91 (1982).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.49.91"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. K. Shalm, E. Meyer-Scott, B. G. Christensen, P. Bierhorst, M. A. Wayne, M. J. Stevens, T. Gerrits, S. Glancy, D. R. Hamel, M. S. Allman, K. J. Coakley, S. D. Dyer, C. Hodge, A. E. Lita, V. B. Verma, C. Lambrocco, E. Tortorici, A. L. Migdall, Y. Zhang, D. R. Kumor, W. H. Farr, F. Marsili, M. D. Shaw, J. A. Stern, C. Abell\u00e1n, W. Amaya, V. Pruneri, T. Jennewein, M. W. Mitchell, P. G. Kwiat, J. C. Bienfang, R. P. Mirin, E. Knill, and S. W. Nam, Physical Review Letters 115, 250402 (2015).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.250402"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Giustina, M. A. Versteegh, S. Wengerowsky, J. Handsteiner, A. Hochrainer, K. Phelan, F. Steinlechner, J. Kofler, J. \u00c5. Larsson, C. Abell\u00e1n, W. Amaya, V. Pruneri, M. W. Mitchell, J. Beyer, T. Gerrits, A. E. Lita, L. K. Shalm, S. W. Nam, T. Scheidl, R. Ursin, B. Wittmann, and A. Zeilinger, Physical Review Letters 115, 250401 (2015).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.250401"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Abell\u00e1n, A. Ac\u00edn, A. Alarc\u00f3n, O. Alibart, C. K. Andersen, F. Andreoli, A. Beckert, F. A. Beduini, A. Bendersky, M. Bentivegna, P. Bierhorst, D. Burchardt, A. Cabello, J. Cari\u00f1e, S. Carrasco, G. Carvacho, D. Cavalcanti, R. Chaves, J. Cort\u00e9s-Vega, A. Cuevas, A. Delgado, H. De Riedmatten, C. Eichler, P. Farrera, J. Fuenzalida, M. Garc\u00eda-Matos, R. Garthoff, S. Gasparinetti, T. Gerrits, F. Ghafari Jouneghani, S. Glancy, E. S. G\u00f3mez, P. Gonz\u00e1lez, J. Y. Guan, J. Handsteiner, J. Heinsoo, G. Heinze, A. Hirschmann, O. Jim\u00e9nez, F. Kaiser, E. Knill, L. T. Knoll, S. Krinner, P. Kurpiers, M. A. Larotonda, J. A. Larsson, A. Lenhard, H. Li, M. H. Li, G. Lima, B. Liu, Y. Liu, I. H. Grande, T. Lunghi, X. Ma, O. S. Maga\u00f1a-Loaiza, P. Magnard, A. Magnoni, M. Mart\u00ed-Prieto, D. Mart\u00ednez, P. Mataloni, A. Mattar, M. Mazzera, R. P. Mirin, M. W. Mitchell, S. Nam, M. Oppliger, J. W. Pan, R. B. Patel, G. J. Pryde, D. Rauch, K. Redeker, D. Riel\u00e4nder, M. Ringbauer, T. Roberson, W. Rosenfeld, Y. Salath\u00e9, L. Santodonato, G. Sauder, T. Scheidl, C. T. Schmiegelow, F. Sciarrino, A. Seri, L. K. Shalm, S. C. Shi, S. Slussarenko, M. J. Stevens, S. Tanzilli, F. Toledo, J. Tura, R. Ursin, P. Vergyris, V. B. Verma, T. Walter, A. Wallraff, Z. Wang, H. Weinfurter, M. M. Weston, A. G. White, C. Wu, G. B. Xavier, L. You, X. Yuan, A. Zeilinger, Q. Zhang, W. Zhang, and J. Zhong, Nature 557, 212 (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0085-3"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. Vedovato, C. Agnesi, M. Tomasin, M. Avesani, J. \u00c5. Larsson, G. Vallone, and P. Villoresi, Physical Review Letters 121, 190401 (2018).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.190401"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Brendel, N. Gisin, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, Physical Review Letters 82, 2594 (1999).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.82.2594"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Yarnall, A. F. Abouraddy, B. E. Saleh, and M. C. Teich, Physical Review Letters 99, 170408 (2007).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.170408"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. G. Rarity and P. R. Tapster, Physical Review Letters 64, 2495 (1990).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.64.2495"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Leach, B. Jack, J. Romero, M. Ritsch-Marte, R. W. Boyd, A. K. Jha, S. M. Barnett, S. Franke-Arnold, and M. J. Padgett, Optics Express 17, 8287 (2009).","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.17.008287"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. S. Bell, Physics 1, 195 (1964).","DOI":"10.1103\/physicsphysiquefizika.1.195"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Ac\u00edn, N. Gisin, and L. Masanes, Physical Review Letters 97, 120405 (2006).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.97.120405"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z. S. Yuan, Y. A. Chen, B. Zhao, S. Chen, J. Schmiedmayer, and J. W. Pan, Nature 454, 1098 (2008).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07241"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, Physical Review 47, 777 (1935).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.47.777"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Jensen, W. Wasilewski, H. Krauter, T. Fernholz, B. M. Nielsen, M. Owari, M. B. Plenio, A. Serafini, M. M. Wolf, and E. S. Polzik, Nature Physics 7, 13 (2011).","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1819"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z. Y. Ou, S. F. Pereira, H. J. Kimble, and K. C. Peng, Physical Review Letters 68, 3663 (1992).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.68.3663"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. C. Howell, R. S. Bennink, S. J. Bentley, and R. W. Boyd, Physical Review Letters 92, 210403 (2004).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.92.210403"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. P. Edgar, D. S. Tasca, F. Izdebski, R. E. Warburton, J. Leach, M. Agnew, G. S. Buller, R. W. Boyd, and M. J. Padgett, Nature Communications 3, 984 (2012).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1988"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. A. Moreau, F. Devaux, and E. Lantz, Physical Review Letters 113, 160401 (2014).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.160401"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. D\u0105browski, M. Parniak, and W. Wasilewski, Optica 4, 272 (2017).","DOI":"10.1364\/optica.4.000272"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. V. Strekalov, A. V. Sergienko, D. N. Klyshko, and Y. H. Shih, Physical Review Letters 74, 3600 (1995).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.74.3600"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. B. Pittman, Y. H. Shih, D. V. Strekalov, and A. V. Sergienko, Physical Review A 52, R3429 (1995).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.52.R3429"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P.-A. Moreau, E. Toninelli, T. Gregory, and M. J. Padgett, Nature Reviews Physics 1, 367 (2019a).","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-019-0056-0"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Parniak, M. D\u0105browski, M. Mazelanik, A. Leszczy\u0144ski, M. Lipka, and W. Wasilewski, Nature Communications 8, 2140 (2017).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02366-7"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. D\u0105browski, M. Mazelanik, M. Parniak, A. Leszczy\u0144ski, M. Lipka, and W. Wasilewski, Physical Review A 98, 42126 (2018).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.98.042126"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Parniak, M. Mazelanik, A. Leszczy\u0144ski, M. Lipka, M. D\u0105browski, and W. Wasilewski, Physical Review Letters 122, 063604 (2019).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.063604"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Peyronel, O. Firstenberg, Q.-Y. Liang, S. Hofferberth, A. V. Gorshkov, T. Pohl, M. D. Lukin, and V. Vuleti\u0107, Nature 488, 57 (2012).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11361"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. S. Bennink, S. J. Bentley, and R. W. Boyd, Physical Review Letters 89, 113601 (2002).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.113601"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Valencia, G. Scarcelli, M. D'Angelo, and Y. Shih, Physical Review Letters 94, 063601 (2005).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.063601"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. S. Aspden, P. A. Morris, R. He, Q. Chen, and M. J. Padgett, Journal of Optics (United Kingdom) 18, 055204 (2016).","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/18\/5\/055204"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Jack, J. Leach, J. Romero, S. Franke-Arnold, M. Ritsch-Marte, S. M. Barnett, and M. J. Padgett, Physical Review Letters 103, 083602 (2009).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.083602"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Dangelo, A. Valencia, M. H. Rubin, and Y. Shih, Physical Review A 72, 013810 (2005).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.72.013810"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. A. Moreau, E. Toninelli, T. Gregory, R. S. Aspden, P. A. Morris, and M. J. Padgett, Science Advances 5, eaaw2563 (2019b).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw2563"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. S. Hodgman, W. Bu, S. B. Mann, R. I. Khakimov, and A. G. Truscott, Physical Review Letters 122, 233601 (2019).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.233601"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Aspect, P. Grangier, and G. Roger, Physical Review Letters 47, 460 (1981).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.47.460"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Lipka, M. Parniak, and W. Wasilewski, Applied Physics Letters 112, 211105 (2018).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5033559"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Lipka, A. Leszczy\u0144ski, M. Mazelanik, M. Parniak, and W. Wasilewski, Physical Review Applied 11, 034049 (2019).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.11.034049"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and R. A. Holt, Physical Review Letters 23, 880 (1969).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.23.880"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. F. Clauser and M. A. Horne, Physical Review D 10, 526 (1974).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.10.526"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Lipka, M. Mazelanik, A. Leszczy\u0144ski, W. Wasilewski, and M. Parniak, Communications Physics 4, 46 (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-021-00551-1"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N. D. Hardy and J. H. Shapiro, Physical Review A 87, 023820 (2013).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.87.023820"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. H. Shapiro, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 35, 8 (2020).","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2019.2957870"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Pirandola, B. R. Bardhan, T. Gehring, C. Weedbrook, and S. Lloyd, Nature Photonics 12, 724 (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-018-0301-6"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"T. Gregory, P.-A. Moreau, E. Toninelli, and M. J. Padgett, Science Advances 6, eaay2652 (2020).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay2652"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Defienne, M. Reichert, and J. W. Fleischer, Physical Review Letters 121, 233601 (2018).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.233601"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Mazelanik, M. Parniak, A. Leszczy\u0144ski, M. Lipka, and W. Wasilewski, npj Quantum Information 5, 22 (2019).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-019-0136-0"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Defienne, M. Reichert, J. W. Fleischer, and D. Faccio, Science Advances 5, eaax0307 (2019).","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax0307"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Malik, O. S. Maga\u00f1a-Loaiza, and R. W. Boyd, Applied Physics Letters 101, 241103 (2012).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4770298"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"X. Yao, X. Liu, L. You, Z. Wang, X. Feng, F. Liu, K. Cui, Y. Huang, and W. Zhang, Physical Review A 98, 063816 (2018).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.98.063816"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. S. Aspden, D. S. Tasca, R. W. Boyd, and M. J. Padgett, New Journal of Physics 15, 073032 (2013).","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/15\/7\/073032"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. S. Aspden, N. R. Gemmell, P. A. Morris, D. S. Tasca, L. Mertens, M. G. Tanner, R. A. Kirkwood, A. Ruggeri, A. Tosi, R. W. Boyd, G. S. Buller, R. H. Hadfield, and M. J. Padgett, Optica 2, 1049 (2015).","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.2.001049"}],"container-title":["Quantum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/quantum-journal.org\/papers\/q-2021-07-01-493\/pdf\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T15:51:36Z","timestamp":1625154696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/quantum-journal.org\/papers\/q-2021-07-01-493\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22331\/q-2021-07-01-493","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2521-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2521-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"article-number":"493"}}