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To date, no generally accepted framework to characterise the behaviour of logical qubits as quantum memories has been developed. In this work, we show that generalisations of well-established figures of merit of physical qubits, such as relaxation times, to logical qubits fail and do not capture dynamics of logical qubits. We experimentally illustrate that, in particular, spatial noise correlations can give rise to rich and counter-intuitive dynamical behavior of logical qubits. We show that a suitable set of observables, formed by code space population and logical operators within the code space, allows one to track and characterize the dynamical behaviour of logical qubits. Awareness of these effects and the efficient characterisation tools used in this work will help to guide and benchmark experimental implementations of logical qubits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2022-01-24-632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T13:51:36Z","timestamp":1643032296000},"page":"632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22331\/q-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Relaxation times do not capture logical qubit dynamics"],"prefix":"10.22331","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India"},{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea - SA2 8PP, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentalphysik, Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Erhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentalphysik, Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CCS -Center for Computational Simulation, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel-Angel","family":"Martin-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CCS -Center for Computational Simulation, Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Blatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentalphysik, Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, \u00d6sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Otto-Hittmair-Platz 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Monz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentalphysik, Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Alpine Quantum Technologies GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea - SA2 8PP, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany"},{"name":"Peter Gr\u00fcnberg Institute, Theoretical Nanoelectronics, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9598","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. 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