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These QTMs are based on single-stroke thermodynamic cycles realized by the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) of the so-called Periodically Refreshed Baths (PReB) process. We find that such QTMs can interpolate between standard collisional QTMs, which consider repeated interactions with single-site environments, and autonomous QTMs operated by simultaneous coupling to multiple macroscopic baths. We discuss the physical realization of such processes and show that their implementation requires a finite number of copies of the baths. Interestingly, maximizing performance by operating in the most irreversible point as a function of <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>&amp;#x03C4;<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> comes at the cost of increasing the complexity of realizing such a regime, the latter quantified by the increase in the number of copies of baths required. We demonstrate this physics considering a simple example. We also introduce an elegant description of the PReB process for Gaussian systems in terms of a discrete-time Lyapunov equation. Further, our analysis also reveals interesting connections with Zeno and anti-Zeno effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2022-09-08-801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T15:01:41Z","timestamp":1662649301000},"page":"801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22331\/q-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Periodically refreshed quantum thermal machines"],"prefix":"10.22331","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Archak","family":"Purkayastha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for complex quantum systems, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universit at Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Quantum Engineering, Science, and Technology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30071, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Goold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9598","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. 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