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Compared with the previous analysis result given by Maeda, Sasaki and Koashi [Nature Communication 10, 3140 (2019)], the maximal transmission distance obtained by our analysis method will be increased from 420 km to 470 km. By increasing the loss-independent misalignment error to 12%, the previous analysis method can not overcome the rate-distance bound. However, our analysis method can still overcome the rate-distance bound when the misalignment error is 16%. More surprisingly, we prove that twin-field quantum key distribution can generate positive secure key even if the misalignment error is close to 50%, thus our analysis method can significantly improve the performance of a practical twin-field quantum key distribution system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2023-12-06-1201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1701876667000},"page":"1201","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.22331\/q-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Improving the performance of twin-field quantum key distribution with advantage distillation technology"],"prefix":"10.22331","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hong-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui-Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Yu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9598","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charles H. 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