{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T02:40:31Z","timestamp":1773196831665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Verein zur Forderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS","award":["JP23K19028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K19028"]}]},{"name":"JST CREST","award":["JPMJCR23I3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR23I3"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation (Singapore) and A*STAR","award":["NRF2021-QEP2-01-P06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2021-QEP2-01-P06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["quantum-journal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We prove that the stabilizer fidelity is multiplicative for the tensor product of an arbitrary number of single-qubit states. We also show that the relative entropy of magic becomes additive if all the single-qubit states but one belong to a symmetry axis of the stabilizer octahedron. We extend the latter results to include all the <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>&amp;#x03B1;<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>z<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math> R\u00e9nyi relative entropy of magic. This allows us to identify a continuous set of magic monotones that are additive for single-qubit states. We also show that all the monotones mentioned above are additive for several standard two and three-qubit states subject to depolarizing noise. Finally, we obtain closed-form expressions for several states and tighter lower bounds for the overhead of probabilistic one-shot magic state distillation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2024-10-04-1492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T07:40:17Z","timestamp":1728027617000},"page":"1492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22331\/q-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mixed-state additivity properties of magic monotones based on quantum relative entropies for single-qubit states and beyond"],"prefix":"10.22331","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7914-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Rubboli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3837-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryuji","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan"},{"name":"Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5410-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Tomamichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore"}]}],"member":"9598","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Victor Veitch, SA Hamed Mousavian, Daniel Gottesman, and Joseph Emerson. ``The resource theory of stabilizer quantum computation&apos;&apos;. New J. Phys. 16, 013009 (2014).","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/16\/1\/013009"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel Gottesman. ``Theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 57, 127 (1998).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.57.127"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scott Aaronson and Daniel Gottesman. ``Improved simulation of stabilizer circuits&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 70, 052328 (2004).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.70.052328"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Gross. ``Hudson\u2019s theorem for finite-dimensional quantum systems&apos;&apos;. J. Math. Phys. 47, 122107 (2006).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2393152"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Victor Veitch, Christopher Ferrie, David Gross, and Joseph Emerson. ``Negative quasi-probability as a resource for quantum computation&apos;&apos;. New J. Phys. 14, 113011 (2012).","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/14\/11\/113011"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrea Mari and Jens Eisert. ``Positive wigner functions render classical simulation of quantum computation efficient&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 230503 (2012).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.109.230503"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xin Wang, Mark M Wilde, and Yuan Su. ``Efficiently computable bounds for magic state distillation&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 090505 (2020).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.090505"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"James R Seddon, Bartosz Regula, Hakop Pashayan, Yingkai Ouyang, and Earl T Campbell. ``Quantifying quantum speedups: Improved classical simulation from tighter magic monotones&apos;&apos;. PRX Quantum 2, 010345 (2021).","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.2.010345"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michal Horodecki and Jonathan Oppenheim. ``(quantumness in the context of) resource theories&apos;&apos;. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 27, 1345019 (2013).","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217979213450197"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ryuji Takagi, Bartosz Regula, and Mark M. Wilde. ``One-shot yield-cost relations in general quantum resource theories&apos;&apos;. PRX Quantum 3, 010348 (2022).","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.3.010348"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zi-Wen Liu, Kaifeng Bu, and Ryuji Takagi. ``One-shot operational quantum resource theory&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 020401 (2019).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.020401"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mark Howard and Earl Campbell. ``Application of a resource theory for magic states to fault-tolerant quantum computing&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 090501 (2017).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.118.090501"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Earl T Campbell, Hussain Anwar, and Dan E Browne. ``Magic-state distillation in all prime dimensions using quantum reed-muller codes&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. X 2, 041021 (2012).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.2.041021"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Earl T Campbell and Dan E Browne. ``Bound states for magic state distillation in fault-tolerant quantum computation&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 030503 (2010).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.030503"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eric Chitambar and Gilad Gour. ``Quantum resource theories&apos;&apos;. Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 025001 (2019).","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.91.025001"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernando GSL Brandao and Gilad Gour. ``Reversible framework for quantum resource theories&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 070503 (2015).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.070503"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"James R Seddon and Earl T Campbell. ``Quantifying magic for multi-qubit operations&apos;&apos;. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 475, 20190251 (2019).","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2019.0251"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koenraad MR Audenaert and Nilanjana Datta. ``$\\alpha$-z-r\u00e9nyi relative entropies&apos;&apos;. J. Math. Phys. 56, 022202 (2015).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4906367"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haonan Zhang. ``From wigner-yanase-dyson conjecture to carlen-frank-lieb conjecture&apos;&apos;. Adv. Math. 365, 107053 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aim.2020.107053"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Renato Renner. ``Security of quantum key distribution&apos;&apos;. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 6, 1\u2013127 (2008).","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219749908003256"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nilanjana Datta. ``Min-and max-relative entropies and a new entanglement monotone&apos;&apos;. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 55, 2816\u20132826 (2009).","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2009.2018325"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marco Tomamichel. ``Quantum inf. process. with finite resources: mathematical foundations&apos;&apos;. Volume 5. Springer. (2015).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21891-5"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simon M Lin and Marco Tomamichel. ``Investigating properties of a family of quantum r\u00e9nyi divergences&apos;&apos;. Quantum Inf. Process. 14, 1501\u20131512 (2015).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-015-0935-y"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roberto Rubboli and Marco Tomamichel. ``New additivity properties of the relative entropy of entanglement and its generalizations&apos;&apos;. Commun. Math. Phys. 405, 162 (2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00220-024-05025-3"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaifeng Bu, Weichen Gu, and Arthur Jaffe. ``Quantum entropy and central limit theorem&apos;&apos;. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, e2304589120 (2023).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2304589120"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sergey Bravyi, Dan Browne, Padraic Calpin, Earl Campbell, David Gosset, and Mark Howard. ``Simulation of quantum circuits by low-rank stabilizer decompositions&apos;&apos;. Quantum 3, 181 (2019).","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2019-09-02-181"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ryszard Horodecki, Pawe\u0142 Horodecki, Micha\u0142 Horodecki, and Karol Horodecki. ``Quantum entanglement&apos;&apos;. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009).","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.865"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vlatko Vedral and Martin B Plenio. ``Entanglement measures and purification procedures&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 57, 1619 (1998).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.57.1619"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vlatko Vedral, Martin B Plenio, Michael A Rippin, and Peter L Knight. ``Quantifying entanglement&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2275 (1997).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.78.2275"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaurav Saxena and Gilad Gour. ``Quantifying multiqubit magic channels with completely stabilizer-preserving operations&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 106, 042422 (2022).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.106.042422"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamza Fawzi, James Saunderson, and Pablo A Parrilo. ``Semidefinite approximations of the matrix logarithm&apos;&apos;. Foundations of Computational Mathematics 19, 259\u2013296 (2019).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10208-018-9385-0"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bartosz Regula. ``Convex geometry of quantum resource quantification&apos;&apos;. J. Phys. A 51, 045303 (2017).","DOI":"10.1088\/1751-8121\/aa9100"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gilad Gour and Marco Tomamichel. ``Optimal extensions of resource measures and their applications&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 102, 062401 (2020).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.102.062401"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arne Heimendahl, Felipe Montealegre-Mora, Frank Vallentin, and David Gross. ``Stabilizer extent is not multiplicative&apos;&apos;. Quantum 5, 400 (2021).","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2021-02-24-400"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Earl T Campbell. ``Catalysis and activation of magic states in fault-tolerant architectures&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 83, 032317 (2011).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.83.032317"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Micha\u0142 Horodecki and Pawe\u0142 Horodecki. ``Reduction criterion of separability and limits for a class of distillation protocols&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 59, 4206 (1999).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.59.4206"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bartosz Regula. ``Probabilistic transformations of quantum resources&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 110505 (2022).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.128.110505"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bartosz Regula and Ryuji Takagi. ``Fundamental limitations on distillation of quantum channel resources&apos;&apos;. Nat. Commun. 12, 4411 (2021).","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1996.548464"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhihao Ma, Fu-Lin Zhang, and Jing-Ling Chen. ``Geometric interpretation for the a fidelity and its relation with the bures fidelity&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 78, 064305 (2008).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.78.064305"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stuart G Hoggar. ``64 lines from a quaternionic polytope&apos;&apos;. Geometriae Dedicata 69, 287\u2013289 (1998).","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005009727232"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sergey Bravyi, David Fattal, and Daniel Gottesman. ``Ghz extraction yield for multipartite stabilizer states&apos;&apos;. J. Math. Phys. 47, 062106 (2006).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2203431"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajendra Bhatia. ``Matrix analysis&apos;&apos;. Volume 169. Springer Science & Business Media. (2013).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0653-8"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tzu-Chieh Wei and Paul M Goldbart. ``Geometric measure of entanglement and applications to bipartite and multipartite quantum states&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042307 (2003).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.68.042307"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tillmann Baumgratz, Marcus Cramer, and Martin B Plenio. ``Quantifying coherence&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140401 (2014).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.140401"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bartosz Regula. ``Tight constraints on probabilistic convertibility of quantum states&apos;&apos;. Quantum 6, 817 (2022).","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2022-09-22-817"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lian-He Shao, Zhengjun Xi, Heng Fan, and Yongming Li. ``Fidelity and trace-norm distances for quantifying coherence&apos;&apos;. Phys. Rev. A 91, 042120 (2015).","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.91.042120"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martin M\u00fcller-Lennert, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dupuis, Oleg Szehr, Serge Fehr, and Marco Tomamichel. ``On quantum r\u00e9nyi entropies: A new generalization and some properties&apos;&apos;. J. Math. Phys. 54, 122203 (2013).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4838856"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mil\u00e1n Mosonyi and Tomohiro Ogawa. ``Two approaches to obtain the strong converse exponent of quantum hypothesis testing for general sequences of quantum states&apos;&apos;. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 61, 6975\u20136994 (2015).","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2015.2489259"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mil\u00e1n Mosonyi and Fumio Hiai. ``Some continuity properties of quantum r\u00e9nyi divergences&apos;&apos;. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory (2023).","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2023.3324758"}],"container-title":["Quantum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/quantum-journal.org\/papers\/q-2024-10-04-1492\/pdf\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T07:40:24Z","timestamp":1728027624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/quantum-journal.org\/papers\/q-2024-10-04-1492\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"references-count":49,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22331\/q-2024-10-04-1492","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2521-327X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2521-327X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"article-number":"1492"}}