{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T01:36:47Z","timestamp":1747359407210,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Universidad de Medellin","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]],"date-time":"2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cienc. soc. educ."],"abstract":"<jats:p>El art\u00edculo desarrolla un an\u00e1lisis te\u00f3rico-conceptual sobre el rol del sistema universitario en los procesos de movilidad y reproducci\u00f3n de la \u00e9lite en el contexto de la democratizaci\u00f3n escolar. Se presenta una revisi\u00f3n de los principales debates sobre el concepto de \u00e9lite y se analiza la relaci\u00f3n entre (re)producci\u00f3n de la \u00e9lite y universidad\/carrera en pa\u00edses desarrollados y Am\u00e9rica Latina, con \u00e9nfasis en dos pa\u00edses cuyos sistemas universitarios se caracterizan por sus altos niveles de democratizaci\u00f3n escolar y segregaci\u00f3n interna: Chile y Brasil. As\u00ed, se propone una reflexi\u00f3n que muestra la importancia de la confluencia entre universidad y carrera en la configuraci\u00f3n de los procesos de movilidad y reproducci\u00f3n social, entendiendo la configuraci\u00f3n de la \u00e9lite como un proceso din\u00e1mico y adaptativo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22395\/csye.v7n13a3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T02:41:24Z","timestamp":1566528084000},"page":"65-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["La (re)producci\u00f3n de las \u00e9lites en tiempos de democratizaci\u00f3n del sistema universitario. An\u00e1lisis conceptual a partir de las experiencias latinoamericanas"],"prefix":"10.22395","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Quaresma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile"}]},{"given":"Crist\u00f3bal","family":"Villalobos Dintrans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile"}]}],"member":"9688","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Aguilar, O. (2011). Dinero, educaci\u00f3n y moral: el cierre social de la \u00e9lite tradicional chilena. En: A. Joignant y P. G\u00fcell (Eds.), Notables, tecn\u00f3cratas y mandarines. Elementos de Sociolog\u00eda de las \u00e9lites en Chile (1990-2010), (pp. 185-202). Santiago: Ediciones Diego Portales."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Almeida, A. M. (2009). As escolas dos dirigentes paulistas. Ensino m\u00e9dio, vestibular, desigualdade social. Belo Horizonte: Argumentum Editora."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Almeida, A. M. (2015). The changing strategies of social closure in elite education in Brasil. En A. Van Zanten, S. Ball y B. Darchy-Koechlin (Eds.), Elites, privilege and excellence. The national and global redefinition of educational advantag (pp. 70-81). Nueva York: Routledge."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, A. M., y Ernica, M. (2015). Inclus\u00e3o e segmenta\u00e7\u00e3o social no Ensino Superior p\u00fablico no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (1990-2012). Educacao e Sociedade, 36(130), 63-83.","DOI":"10.1590\/ES0101-73302015139672"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Ball, S. (2015). Elites, education and identity. An emerging research agenda. En A. Van Zanten, S. Ball y B. Darchy-Koechlin (Eds.), Elites, privilege and excellence. The national and global redefinition of educational advantag (pp. 233-240). Nueva York: Routledge."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bathmaker, A. M., Ingram, N., Abrahams, J., Hoare, A., Waller, R., y Bradley, H. (2016). Higher Education, Social Class and Social Mobility. The Degree Generation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-53481-1"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Birle, P., Hofmeister, W., Malhold, G., y Potthas, B. (2007). Elites en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Madrid-Frankfurt: Iberoamericana, Editorial Vervuert."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Bottomore, T. (1965). As elites e a sociedade. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. (1989). La noblesse d\u2019Etat. Grandes \u00e9coles et esprit de corps. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P., y Passeron, J.C. (1964). Les h\u00e9ritiers. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. y Passeron, J.C. (1974). A reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o-elementos para uma teoria do sistema de ensino. Lisboa: Editorial Vega."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowen, S. (2015). Educar la moral del pobre: fronteras simb\u00f3licas y gobierno de los pobres por parte de la \u00e9lite econ\u00f3mica cat\u00f3lica de Santiago de Chile. Pro-Posi\u00e7\u00f5es, 26(2), 51-73.","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-7307201507703"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o, Z. (2007). A produ\u00e7\u00e3o das elites escolares: escolas, fam\u00edlias e cultura. Caderno CRH, 20(49), 15-22.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-49792007000100002"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Bresser-Pereira, L. (1974). Empres\u00e1rios e administradores no Brasil. S\u00e3o Paulo: Brasiliense."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, P., Power, S., Gerbrand, T., y Allouch, A. (2016). Credentials, talent and cultural capital: a comparative study of educational elites in England and France. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(2), 191-211.","DOI":"10.1080\/01425692.2014.920247"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Brunner, J. J. (2012). La lucha por la educaci\u00f3n de las \u00e9lites: campo y canales formativos. Revista UDP, 9, 119-143."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Brunner, J. J., y Flisfisch, \u00c1. (2014). Los intelectuales y las instituciones de la cultura. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Brunner, J. J., y Villalobos, C. (2014). Pol\u00edticas de educaci\u00f3n superior en Iberoam\u00e9rica, 2009-2013. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Cardoso, F. H. (1964). Empres\u00e1rio industrial e desenvolvimento econ\u00f4mico no Brasil. S\u00e3o Paulo: Difel."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Cardoso, F. H. (1967). Las \u00e9lites empresariales en Am\u00e9rica Latina. En Seymour L. y Solaris, A. (eds.). Elites y desarrollo en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Buenos Aires: Paid\u00f3s."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Castellani, A. (2016). Radiograf\u00eda de la \u00e9lite econ\u00f3mica argentina. Estructura y organizaci\u00f3n en los a\u00f1os noventa. Buenos Aires: Unsam Edita."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chauvin, P. M. (2013). La sociologie des r\u00e9putations. Une d\u00e9finition et cinq questions. Communications, (93), 131-145.","DOI":"10.3917\/commu.093.0131"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Codato, A., Cavalieri, M., Perissinotto, R., y Dantas, E. (2016). Economic mainstream and power: a profile analysis of Central Bank directors during PSDB and PT governments in Brazil. Nova economia, 26(3), 687-720.","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6351\/2845"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costa, P., Roks, T., y Santos Filho, G. (2012). Recrutamento, valores e padr\u00f5es de a\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica da elite empresarial. Revista de Sociologia e Pol\u00edtica, 20(43), 221-246.","DOI":"10.1590\/s0104-44782012000300010"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Croxford, L. y Raffe, D. (2015). The iron law of hierarchy? Institutional differentiation in UK higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 40(9), 1625-1640.","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2014.899342"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Darchy-Koechlin, B., Draelants, H., y Tenret, E. (2015). National and international students\u2019 definition of merit in French Grandes \u00c9coles. En A. Van Zanten, S. Ball y B. Darchy-Koechlin (Eds.). Elites, privilege and excellence. The national and global redefinition of educational advantag. Nueva York: Routledge."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Darmon, M. (2013). Classes pr\u00e9paratoires. La fabrique d\u2019une jeunesse dominante. Paris: La D\u00e9couverte."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"De \u00cdmaz, J. L. (1964). Los que mandan. Buenos Aires: Eudeba."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Draelants, H. (2010). Les effets d\u2019attraction des grandes \u00e9coles. Excellence, prestige et rapport \u00e0 l\u2019institution. Sociologie, 3(1), 337-356.","DOI":"10.3917\/socio.003.0337"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dubet, F. (2000). L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et le m\u00e9rite dans l\u2019\u00e9cole d\u00e9mocratique de masse. L\u2019ann\u00e9e Sociologique, 50(2), 383-408.","DOI":"10.4000\/books.editionsehess.810"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ellersgaard, C., Larsen, A., y Munk, M. (2013). A Very Economic Elite - The Case of the Danish Top CEOs. Sociology, 47(6), 1051-1071.","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038512454349"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Espenshade, T., y Radford, A. (2011). No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Espinoza, \u00d3. (2013). Equidad e inclusividad en el sistema de educaci\u00f3n superior en Chile. En \u00d3scar Espinoza (Ed.), Equidad e Inclusividad en la educaci\u00f3n superior en los pa\u00edses Andinos: Los casos de Bolivia, Chile, Colombia y Per\u00fa (pp. 93-133). Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad UCINF."},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Espinoza, \u00d3., y Gonz\u00e1lez\u00b8 L. (2011). La crisis del sistema de educaci\u00f3n superior chileno y el ocaso del modelo neoliberal. En Bar\u00f3metro de Pol\u00edtica y Equidad, Nuevos actores, nuevas banderas (pp. 94-133). Santiago: Fundaci\u00f3n Equitas-Fundaci\u00f3n Friedrich Ebert."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Espinoza, V. (2010). Redes de poder y sociabilidad en la \u00e9lite pol\u00edtica chilena. Los parlamentarios 1990-2005. Polis, Revista de la Universidad Bolivariana, 9(26), 251-286.","DOI":"10.4067\/s0718-65682010000200013"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Fleet, N. y Guzm\u00e1n-Concha, C. (2016). Mass higher education and the 2011 student movement in Chile: material and ideological implications. Bulletin of Latin American Research, Special Issue, 1-17."},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, M. (2005). Planejamento estrat\u00e9gico. Revista Ensino Superior, (77), 41-43."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00e9rard, \u00c9., y Wagner, A. C. (2015). Introduction: \u00c9lites au Nord, \u00e9lites au Sud: des savoirs en concurrence? Cahiers de la recherche sur l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les savoirs, (14), 7-24.","DOI":"10.3917\/dbu.charl.2007.01.0137"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Gessaghi, V. (2010). Trayectorias educativas y clase alta. Etnograf\u00eda de una relaci\u00f3n (Disertaci\u00f3n doctoral). Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heredia, M. (2011). Estructurales y nuevos ricos en Buenos Aires: primeras pistas sobre la reproducci\u00f3n y la recomposici\u00f3n de las clases altas. Estudios Sociol\u00f3gicos, 29(85), 61-97.","DOI":"10.24201\/es.2011v29n85.130"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Hora, R. (2003). Los terratenientes de la pampa argentina. Una historia social y pol\u00edtica 1860-1945. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huneeus, S. (2013). Estrategias de reproducci\u00f3n matrimonial de la \u00e9lite econ\u00f3mica en Chile. Revista de Sociolog\u00eda, (28), 67-82.","DOI":"10.5354\/0719-529x.2013.30715"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jackson, M. (2009). Disadvantaged through discrimination the role of employers in social stratification. The British Journal of Sociology, 60(4), 669-692.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-4446.2009.01270.x"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Joignant, A. (2011). Tecn\u00f3cratas, technopols y dirigentes de partido: tipos de agentes y especies de capital en las \u00e9lites gubernamentales de la Concertaci\u00f3n (1990-2010). En A. Joignant y P. G\u00fcell (Eds.), Notables, tecn\u00f3cratas y mandarines. Elementos de Sociolog\u00eda de las \u00e9lites en Chile (1990-2010). Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales."},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Joignant, A., y G\u00fcell, P. (Eds.), Notables, tecn\u00f3cratas y mandarines. Elementos de Sociolog\u00eda de las \u00e9lites en Chile (1990-2010). Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales."},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Jones, O. (2014). The establishment: And how they get away with it. Harmondsworth: Allen Lane."},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Karabel, J. (2005). The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale and Princeton. Boston: Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, S. (2012a). The Sociology of elites. Annual Review of Sociology, (38), 361-377.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-071811-145542"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, S. (2012b). Elite identities. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 19(4), 477-484.","DOI":"10.1080\/1070289X.2012.718713"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"Koh, A., y Kenway, J. (2016). Introduction: Reading the Dynamics of Educational Privilege through a spatial lens. En: A. Koh y J. Kenway (Eds.), Elite schools: Multiple Geographies of Privilege (pp. 1-15). Nueva York: Routledge."},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Lipset, S. y Solari, A. (1967). \u00c9lites y desarrollo en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Buenos Aires: Editorial Paid\u00f3s."},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"Losada, L. (2009). Historia de las \u00e9lites en la Argentina: desde la conquista hasta el surgimiento del peronismo. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luci, F. (2014). La \u201cinternacional de los managers\u201d cultura cosmopolita, movilidad internacional y \u00e9xito corporativo en las grandes empresas globales. A Contracorriente: Revista de Historia Social y Literatura en Am\u00e9rica Latina, 11(2), 166-194.","DOI":"10.7203\/scripta.9.10352"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luci, F., y Gessaghi, V. (2016). Familias tradicionales y \u00e9lites empresarias en Argentina: individuaci\u00f3n y solidaridad en la construcci\u00f3n y sost\u00e9n de las posiciones de privilegio. Pol\u00edtica, 54(1), 53-84.","DOI":"10.5354\/0719-5338.2016.42699"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MacLean, M., Harvey, C., y Chia, R. (2010). Dominant Corporate Agents and the Power Elite in France and Britain. Organization Studies, 31(3), 327-348.","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840609357377"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MacMillan, L., Tyler, C., y Vignoles, A. (2015). Who gets the top jobs? The role of family background and networks in recent graduates\u2019 access to high-status professions. Journal of Social Policy, 44(3), 487-515.","DOI":"10.1017\/s0047279414000634"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Massol, J., Vall\u00e9e, T., y Koch, T. (2010). L\u00e9s \u00e9lites \u00e9conomiques sont-elles encore si diff\u00e9rentes en France et en Allemagne?. Regards sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie Allemande, (97), 5-14.","DOI":"10.4000\/rea.4104"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mauceri, P. (2001). Estado, \u00e9lites y contrainsurgencia: una comparaci\u00f3n preliminar entre Colombia y Per\u00fa. Colombia Internacional, (52), 44-64.","DOI":"10.7440\/colombiaint52.2001.02"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meller, P. (2010). Rol de la universidad en la determinaci\u00f3n del ingreso de los profesionales. En P. Meller y B. Lara (Eds.), Carreras Universitarias. Rentabilidad, selectividad y discriminaci\u00f3n (pp. 103-125). Santiago: Uqbar.","DOI":"10.3989\/hispania.2001.v61.i207.314"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez, A. (2013). El colegio. La formaci\u00f3n de una \u00e9lite meritocr\u00e1tica en el Nacional Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana.","DOI":"10.4000\/books.ifea.7202"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"Mineduc (2010). Futuro Laboral 2009-2010. Profesionales y T\u00e9cnicos en Chile: informaci\u00f3n fundamental. Santiago de Chile: Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n."},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"Mosca, G. (1939). The ruling class: Elementi di scienzi pol\u00edtica. London: McGraw- Hill."},{"key":"ref62","unstructured":"Moya, E. (2013). Entre la espada y la pared. Los discursos sobre la \u00e9lite pol\u00edtica en el contexto de la globalizaci\u00f3n. Un estudio de tres casos, Chile, Argentina y M\u00e9xico. X Jornadas de Sociolog\u00eda. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moya, E. y Hern\u00e1ndez, J. (2014). El rol de los colegios de \u00e9lite en la reproducci\u00f3n intergeneracional de la \u00e9lite chilena. Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales, (26), 59-82.","DOI":"10.4206\/rev.austral.cienc.soc.2014.n26-04"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neira, H. (2004). Educaci\u00f3n universitaria en Chile: una visi\u00f3n panor\u00e1mica centrada en los alumnos. Estudios Pedag\u00f3gicos, (30), 123-133.","DOI":"10.4067\/s0718-07052004000100008"},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"Nogueira, M. A. (2002). Estrat\u00e9gias de escolariza\u00e7\u00e3o em fam\u00edlias de empres\u00e1rios. En A. M. Almeida y M. A. Nogueira (Eds.). A escolariza\u00e7\u00e3o das elites. Um panorama internacional da pesquisa. Petr\u00f3polis: Editorial Vozes."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nogueira, M. A., y Aguiar, A. (2008). La formation des \u00e9lites et l\u2019internationalisation des \u00e9tudes: peuton parler d\u2019une \u201cbonne volont\u00e9 internationale\u201d?, Education et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, 1(21), 105-119.","DOI":"10.3917\/es.021.0105"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olivier, G. (2012). Reto de la educaci\u00f3n superior privada en Am\u00e9rica latina: entre la expansi\u00f3n y la resistencia. Recuperado de https:\/\/ideas.revues.org\/382","DOI":"10.4000\/ideas.382"},{"key":"ref68","unstructured":"Oxfam (2015). Privil\u00e9gios que negam direitos. Desigualdade extrema e sequestro da democracia na am\u00e9rica latina e o caribe. Recuperado de https:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/sites\/www.oxfam.org\/files\/file_attachments\/cr-privileges-deny-rights-inequality-lac-300915-summ-pt_0.pdf"},{"key":"ref69","unstructured":"Pareto, V. (1916). Trattato di Sociologia Generale. Vol. II. Firenze: Barbera."},{"key":"ref70","unstructured":"Piketty, T. (2014). El capital en el Siglo XXI. M\u00e9xico D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perissinotto, R., y Codato, A. (2008). Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o: por um retorno \u00e0 Sociologia das Elites. Revista de Sociologia e Pol\u00edtica, 16(30), 7-15.","DOI":"10.1590\/s0104-44782008000100002"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pohlmann, M. y Valarini, E. (2013). Elite econ\u00f4mica no Brasil: discuss\u00f5es acerca da internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da carreira de executivos brasileiros. Revista de Sociologia Polit\u00edtica, 21(47), 39-53.","DOI":"10.1590\/s0104-44782013000300005"},{"key":"ref73","unstructured":"Posada, A. (2009). Guerreros y campesinos. El despojo de la tierra en Colombia. Norma: Bogot\u00e1."},{"key":"ref74","unstructured":"Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) (2015). Desarrollo Humano en Chile. Los tiempos de la politizaci\u00f3n. Santiago: PNUD Chile."},{"key":"ref75","unstructured":"Rivera, L. (2016). Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite Jobs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robinson, W. (2012). Global Capitalism Theory and the Emergence of Transnational Elites. Critical Sociology, 38(3), 349-363.","DOI":"10.1177\/0896920511411592"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, M. (2000). Changing Identities and Contested Settings: Regional Elites and the Paramilitaries in Colombia. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 14(1), 51-69.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007861013044"},{"key":"ref78","unstructured":"S\u00e1ez, M. (2006). Pol\u00edticos y pol\u00edtica en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Madrid: Fundaci\u00f3n Carolina\/Siglo XXI."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Savage, M., Devine, F., Cunningham, N., Taylor, M., Li, Y., Hjellbrekke, J., Miles, A. (2013). A New of Social Class? Findings from the BBC\u2019s Great Class Survey Experiment. Sociology, 47(2), 219-250.","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038513481128"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simoni Junior, S., Dardaque, R., y Mingardi, L. (2016). A elite parlamentar brasileira de 1995 a 2010: at\u00e9 que ponto vai a populariza\u00e7\u00e3o da classe pol\u00edtica? Colombia Internacional, (87), 109-143.","DOI":"10.7440\/colombiaint87.2016.05"},{"key":"ref81","unstructured":"Stabili, M. R. (2003). El sentimiento aristocr\u00e1tico. \u00c9lites chilenas frente al espejo (1860-1960). Santiago: Editorial Andr\u00e9s Bello y Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana."},{"key":"ref82","unstructured":"Thumala, M. A. (2007). Riqueza y Piedad. El catolicismo de la \u00e9lite econ\u00f3mica chilena. Santiago: Editorial Debate."},{"key":"ref83","unstructured":"Tiramonti, G. y Ziegler, S. (2008). La educaci\u00f3n de las \u00e9lites. Aspiraciones, estrategias y oportunidades. Buenos Aires: Paid\u00f3s."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Urz\u00faa, S. (2012). La rentabilidad de la educaci\u00f3n superior en Chile: revisi\u00f3n de las bases de 30 a\u00f1os de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas. Estudios P\u00fablicos, (125), 1-52.","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264191693-es"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Zanten, A. (2010). L\u2019ouverture social des grandes \u00e9coles: diversification des \u00e9lites ou renouveau des politiques publiques d\u2019\u00e9ducation? Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Contemporaines, (78), 69-96.","DOI":"10.3917\/soco.079.0069"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Zanten, A. (2015). A family affair reproducing elite positions and preserving the ideals of meritocratic competition and youth autonomy. En A. Van Zanten, S. Ball y B. Darchy-Koechlin (Eds.), Elites, privilege and excellence. The national and global redefinition of educational advantage (pp. 29-42). Nueva York: Routledge","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315767307"},{"key":"ref87","unstructured":"Van Zanten, A, Ball, S., y Darchy-Koechlin, B. (2015). Elites, privilege and excellence: the national and global redefinition of educational advantage. Nueva York: Routledge"},{"key":"ref88","unstructured":"Villalobos, C. (2016). El campo educativo en Chile post-dictadura (1990-2013). Continuidad y ruptura en la implementaci\u00f3n del neoliberalismo en educaci\u00f3n. En A. Pinol (Ed.), Democracia versus neoliberalismo. 25 a\u00f1os de neoliberalismo en Chile (pp. 159-178). Santiago: Fundaci\u00f3n Rosa Luxemburgo-ICAL."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Villalobos, C., Trevi\u00f1o, E., Wyman, I., y Scheele, J. (2017). Social justice debate and college access in Latin America: merit or need? The role of educational institutions and states in broadening access to higher education in the region. Archivos Anal\u00edticos de Pol\u00edticas Educativas, 25(73), 1-31.","DOI":"10.14507\/epaa.25.2879"},{"key":"ref90","unstructured":"Wakeling, P., y Savage, M. (2015). Elite universities, elite schooling and reproduction in Britain. En A. Van Zanten, S. Ball y B. Darchy-Koechlin (Eds.), Elites, privilege and excellence. The national and global redefinition of educational advantage (pp. 169-184). Nueva York: Routledge."},{"key":"ref91","unstructured":"Waldmann, P. (2007). Algunas observaciones y reflexiones cr\u00edticas sobre el concepto de \u00e9lite. En P. Birley y W. Hofmeister (Eds.), \u00c9lites en Am\u00e9rica Latina (pp. 9-30). Berl\u00edn, Vervuert: Bibliotheca Ibero-Americana."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Windle, J., y Nogueira, M. A. (2015). The role of internationalization in the schooling of Brazilian elites: distinctions between two class fractions. British journal of education, 36 (1), 174-192.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315204529-10"},{"key":"ref93","unstructured":"Wright-Mills, C. (1957). La \u00e9lite del poder. M\u00e9xico D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica."},{"key":"ref94","unstructured":"Young, M. (1958). The Rise of the Meritocracy, 1870-2033. London: Thames y Hudson."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ziegler, S. (2017). Personalization and competition in elite schools in Buenos Aires: school strategies for the production and legitimization of dominant groups. Journal of education and work, 30(2), 145-155.","DOI":"10.1080\/13639080.2017.1278904"},{"key":"ref96","unstructured":"Zimmerman, S. (2015). Making Top Managers: The Role of Elite Universities and Elite Peers. Recuperado de: www.drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B3o_Y3MSsVJ3TXh1aW12cjF6TXc\/view"}],"container-title":["Ciencias Sociales y Educaci\u00f3n"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revistas.udem.edu.co\/index.php\/Ciencias_Sociales\/article\/view\/2802\/2583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T12:29:36Z","timestamp":1721651376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revistas.udem.edu.co\/index.php\/Ciencias_Sociales\/article\/view\/2802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22395\/csye.v7n13a3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2256-5000","2590-7344"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2256-5000"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2590-7344"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]}}}