{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:11:49Z","timestamp":1790784709104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["UHM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During deep-sea freediving, many freedivers describe symptoms fairly similar to what has been related to inert gas narcosis in scuba divers. This manuscript aims to present the potential mechanisms underlying these symptoms. First, known mechanisms of narcosis are summarized while scuba diving. Then, potential underlying mechanisms involving the toxicity of gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen) are presented in freedivers. As the symptoms are felt during ascent, nitrogen is likely not the only gas involved. Since freedivers are frequently exposed to hypercapnic hypoxia toward the end of the dive, it is proposed that carbon dioxide and oxygen gases both play a major role. Finally, a new \u201chemodynamic hypothesis\u201d based on the diving reflex is proposed in freedivers. The underlying mechanisms are undoubtedly multifactorial and therefore require further research and a new descriptive name. We propose a new term for these types of symptoms: freediving transient cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22462\/01.01.2023.38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T18:23:07Z","timestamp":1686594187000},"page":"85-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Possible causes of narcosis-like symptoms in freedivers"],"prefix":"10.22462","author":[{"name":"CETAPS EA 3832, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen, France","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Lema\u00eetre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CRIOBE UAR 3278, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Moor\u00e9a, Polyn\u00e9sie Fran\u00e7aise (French Polynesia)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Costalat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"APERE Laboratory EA 3300, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, France","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Allinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CETAPS EA 3832, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen, France","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costantino","family":"Balestra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1180 Brussels, Belgium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Motor Sciences Department, Physical Activity Teaching Unit, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9754","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"container-title":["Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T18:23:09Z","timestamp":1686594189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.uhms.org\/uhm-search\/uhm-journal-volume-50-2023\/number-2\/possible-causes-of-narcosis-like-symptoms-in-freedivers.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22462\/01.01.2023.38","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-2936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-2936","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}