{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"Authorea, Inc."}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T16:38:07Z","timestamp":1748968687860,"version":"3.41.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"group-title":"Preprints","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p id=\"p1\">Whether you benefit from high-quality urban environments, such as those\nrich in green and blue spaces, that may offer benefits to allergic and\nrespiratory health depends on where you live and work. Environmental\ninequality, therefore, results from the unequal distribution of the\nrisks and benefits that stem from interactions with our environment.\nWithin this perspective, this article reviews the evidence for an\nassociation between air pollution caused by industrial activities,\ntraffic, disinfection-by-products and tobacco\/e-cigarettes and asthma in\nchildren. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution\nincreases asthma risk, including environmental epigenetic regulations,\noxidative stress, and damage, disrupted barrier integrity, inflammatory\npathways, and enhancement of respiratory sensitization to aeroallergens.\nEnvironmental air pollution is a major determinant of childhood asthma,\nbut magnitude of effect is not shared equally across the population,\nregions, and settings where people live, work, and spend their time.\nImprovement of the exposure assessment, a better understanding of\ncritical exposure time windows, underlying mechanisms, and drivers of\nheterogeneity may improve the risk estimates. Urban conditions and air\nquality are not only important features for national and local\nauthorities to shape healthy cities and protect their citizens from\nenvironmental and health risks, but they also provide opportunities to\nmitigate inequalities in the most deprived areas where the environmental\nburden is highest. Actions to avoid exposure to indoor and outdoor air\npollutants should be complementary at different levels \u2013 individual,\nlocal, and national levels \u2013 to take effective measures to protect\nchildren who have little or no control over the air they breathe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22541\/au.165389430.06359791\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T07:05:14Z","timestamp":1653894314000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Environmental inequality: air pollution and asthma in children"],"prefix":"10.22541","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-7814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Paci\u00eancia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Cavaleiro","family":"Rufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}]}],"member":"311","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T07:05:14Z","timestamp":1653894314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.authorea.com\/users\/485811\/articles\/571054-environmental-inequality-air-pollution-and-asthma-in-children?commit=d31145de6a60ca8aaa8f5342217d8d682c6e24d1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22541\/au.165389430.06359791\/v1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}