{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:13:54Z","timestamp":1779102834734,"version":"3.51.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background Maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and\ngestational weight gain (GWG) have been implicated in offspring health,\nyet their specific impact on the development of allergic diseases\nremains unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between pre-pregnancy\nBMI and GWG with asthma, rhinitis, eczema, food allergy, anaphylaxis,\nand allergic sensitization during childhood and adolescence. Methods We\nanalyzed 7280 mother-child pairs from Generation XXI, a Portuguese\npopulation-based birth cohort. Maternal BMI was categorized per World\nHealth Organization criteria and grouped into underweight\/normalweight\nvs.overweight\/obesity. GWG was considered using Institute of Medicine\n(IOM) guidelines and GWG z-scores. Allergic outcomes were assessed via\nparent-reported physician diagnosis at 4, 7, 10, and 13 years, and\nallergic sensitization was determined at 10 years using ImmunoCAP.\nAssociations were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for\nconfounders. Results Children of mothers with excessive GWG had\nincreased odds of asthma at ages 7 and 13 (aOR=1.30; 95%CI 1.01-1.66\nand aOR=1.29; 95%CI 1.01-1.65, respectively), and rhinitis at 4\n(OR=1.48; 95%CI 1.10-1.98). Higher GWG z-scores were associated with\nincreased odds of asthma (aOR=1.33; 95%CI 1.03-1.72), rhinitis\n(aOR=1.54; 95%CI 1.13-2.09), and sensitization (aOR=1.44; 95%CI\n1.05-1.97). Lower GWG z-score was associated to higher eczema odds at\n13, while higher GWG z-score reduced eczema odds at age 4. Maternal\noverweight\/obesity was associated with lower odds of eczema at age 13\n(aOR=0.73; 95%CI 0.60-0.88). Conclusion Higher GWG is associated with\nincreased odds of childhood asthma, rhinitis, and sensitization. In\ncontrast, maternal overweight\/obesity is linked to lower odds of eczema,\nsuggesting condition-specific effects of maternal weight on childhood\nallergy risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22541\/au.175457177.78701928\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1754571782000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Excessive gestational weight gain increases risk of childhood asthma, rhinitis, and allergic sensitization: evidence from a Birth Cohort"],"prefix":"10.22541","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca Castro","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saude Publica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.authorea.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.22541\/au.175457177.78701928\/v1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:23:12Z","timestamp":1779099792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.authorea.com\/doi\/full\/10.22541\/au.175457177.78701928\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22541\/au.175457177.78701928\/v1","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}