{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T07:55:45Z","timestamp":1747209345157,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"White Rose University Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BIOJ"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Microtropia is a small angle strabismus of less than or equal to ten prism diopters. It often co-exists with anisometropia, and patients may require amblyopia treatment. Diplopia following amblyopia treatment is considered rare, but older literature can advise caution when treating amblyopia in microtropia. This study aimed to explore orthoptists\u2019 opinions on amblyopia treatment in microtropia.\nMethods: Orthoptists working in Scandinavia were invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their views on amblyopia treatment. They were presented with three different clinical scenarios: 1) patient with anisometropia; 2) patient with anisometropia and microtropia with identity; and 3) patient with anisometropia and microtropia without identity.\nResults: The questionnaire received responses from 30 orthoptists, which were analysed. The results showed a significantly higher concern for diplopia in patients with microtropia undergoing amblyopia treatment than in patients with anisometropia. They responded that to prevent diplopia, it is more important to stop amblyopia treatment before equal visual acuity (VA) is reached in microtropia compared to anisometropia. Thus, amblyopia treatment was stopped more often in microtropia, even if VA was improving and diplopia was absent. Equal VA was perceived to be more difficult to achieve in microtropia, both with and without identity, compared to anisometropia.\nConclusion: Despite more recent evidence that diplopia following amblyopia treatment is extremely rare, orthoptists working in Scandinavia reported more concerns about diplopia when treating amblyopia in microtropia than in anisometropia. Stopping amblyopia treatment in microtropia before equal VA was achieved was considered somewhat important to prevent diplopia. Orthoptists also reported that equal VA was difficult to achieve in patients with microtropia, both with and without identity. Further research would help improve the evidence and inform clinical decisions about microtropia and amblyopia treatment in microtropia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22599\/bioj.316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T09:50:51Z","timestamp":1731491451000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Opinions on Amblyopia Treatment in Microtropia &amp;ndash; A Questionnaire Study of Orthoptists in Scandinavia"],"prefix":"10.22599","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jannicke","family":"R\u00f8e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Arblaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9887","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"edition":"Fourth","volume-title":"Diagnosis and management of ocular motility disorders [electronic resource]","year":"2014","key":"key20241113095048_B1"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20241113095048_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00137369","article-title":"\u2018Practical usefulness of anomalous binocular vision for the strabismic patient\u2019","volume":"6","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20241113095048_B3","first-page":"23","article-title":"\u2018Amblyopia\u2019","volume":"40","year":"1995","journal-title":"Survey of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20241113095048_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.068","article-title":"\u2018Treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in children with refractive correction\u2019","volume":"113","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key20241113095048_B5","first-page":"109","article-title":"\u2018Amblyopia treatment in microstrabismus\u2019","volume":"46","year":"1989","journal-title":"British Orthoptic Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20241113095048_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2021.1914675","article-title":"\u2018The agreement between the Irvine 4 dioptre prism test and assessment of ocular fixation in microtropia with identity\u2019","volume":"29","year":"2021","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20241113095048_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2017.1350725","article-title":"\u2018Diplopia following short treatment for moderate amblyopia\u2019","volume":"25","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20241113095048_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.3.219","article-title":"\u2018Clinical characteristics of microtropia\u2014is microtropia a fixed phenomenon?\u2019","volume":"82","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20241113095048_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.08.004","article-title":"\u2018Characteristics and course of patients with deteriorated monofixation syndrome\u2019","volume":"9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of AAPOS"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20241113095048_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.08.024","article-title":"\u2018The stability of the monofixation syndrome\u2019","volume":"157","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20241113095048_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1951.01700010021002","article-title":"\u2018Retinal correspondence in patients with small degree strabismus\u2019","volume":"45","year":"1951","journal-title":"A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20241113095048_B12","first-page":"281","article-title":"\u2018Management of microtropia\u2019","volume":"58","year":"1974","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20241113095048_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00137371","article-title":"\u2018Microtropia\u2019","volume":"6","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20241113095048_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2018.1503308","article-title":"\u2018Is microtropia a reliable indicator of the presence of amblyopia in anisometropic patients?\u2019","volume":"26","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20241113095048_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(03)00105-9","article-title":"\u2018Long-term visual outcome in primary microtropia\u2019","volume":"47","year":"2003","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20241113095048_B16","first-page":"e339","article-title":"\u2018Anisometropia and isoametropia associated with microstrabismus: Effectiveness of late anti-amblyopia treatment\u2019","volume":"170","year":"2019","journal-title":"La Clinica Terapeutica"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20241113095048_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310454","article-title":"\u2018Incidence, risk factors and management of intractable diplopia\u2019","volume":"102","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20241113095048_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2016.1170048","article-title":"\u2018Assessment of the density of suppression to identify risk of intractable diplopia in the United Kingdom\u2019","volume":"24","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"key20241113095048_B19","first-page":"609","article-title":"\u2018Th monofixation syndrome\u2019","volume":"67","year":"1969","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20241113095048_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.4.437","article-title":"\u2018Randomized Trial of Treatment of Amblyopia in Children Aged 7 to 17 Years\u2019","volume":"123","author":"Pediatric Eye Dis Investigators Gr and Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of ophthalmology (1960)"},{"issue":"10438","key":"key20241113095048_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02893-3","article-title":"\u2018Extended optical treatment versus early patching with an intensive patching regimen in children with amblyopia in Europe (EuPatch): A multicentre, randomised controlled trial\u2019","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"edition":"3rd ed.","volume-title":"Clinical Orthoptics","year":"2012","key":"key20241113095048_B22"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20241113095048_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2018.1524916","article-title":"\u2018Letter to editor: \u201cis microtropia a reliable indicator for the presence of amblyopia in anisometropic patients?\u201d by Lysons and Tapley\u2019","volume":"26","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"key20241113095048_B24","first-page":"232","article-title":"\u2018The decompensated monofixation syndrome\u2019","volume":"109","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20241113095048_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12881","article-title":"\u2018Aniseikonia and anisometropia: Implications for suppression and amblyopia\u2019","volume":"102","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20241113095048_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(01)00470-1","article-title":"\u2018Clinical and sensorial characteristics of microtropia\u2019","volume":"46","year":"2002","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20241113095048_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.06.007","article-title":"\u2018Can ophthalmologists repair the brain in infantile esotropia? Early surgery, stereopsis, monofixation syndrome, and the legacy of Marshall Parks\u2019","volume":"9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of AAPOS"},{"edition":"5th ed.","volume-title":"Binocular vision and ocular motility: Theory and management of strabismus","year":"1996","key":"key20241113095048_B28"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20241113095048_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00425-5","article-title":"\u2018The association between nonstrabismic anisometropia, amblyopia, and subnormal binocularity\u2019","volume":"108","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.)"}],"container-title":["British and Irish Orthoptic Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/account.bioj-online.com\/index.php\/wr-j-bioj\/article\/download\/316\/407","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/account.bioj-online.com\/index.php\/wr-j-bioj\/article\/download\/316\/408","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/account.bioj-online.com\/index.php\/wr-j-bioj\/article\/download\/316\/409","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/account.bioj-online.com\/index.php\/wr-j-bioj\/article\/download\/316\/407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:19:47Z","timestamp":1731496787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/account.bioj-online.com\/index.php\/wr-j-bioj\/article\/view\/316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22599\/bioj.316","relation":{},"ISSN":["2516-3590"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2516-3590"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]}}}