{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:58:29Z","timestamp":1770814709993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"White Rose University Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BIOJ"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as associated factors in myopes.\nMethods: Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in myopes. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compare psychological symptoms between myopic and emmetropic groups.\nResults: A total of six studies assessing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in myopes were included. Prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in myopes are 22.99% (95% CI 16.81% to 30.61%; I2 = 96.6%) and 26.81% (95% CI 15.62% to 42.01%; I2 = 98.4%), respectively. Myopes are approximately 46% more likely to suffer from symptoms of depression [OR: 1.46 (95% CI 0.98 to 2.19), I2 = 72.4%] and are 65% more likely to suffer from symptoms of anxiety [OR: 1.65 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.49), I2 = 70.4%], as compared to emmetropes. Myopes aged less than 40 years are about 12% more likely to suffer from symptoms of depression [OR: 1.12 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.50), I2 = 1.5%] and 26% more likely to suffer from symptoms of anxiety [OR: 1.26 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.43), I2 = 72.5%] than age-matched emmetropes. Myopes aged 40 years and older are almost twice as likely to suffer from symptoms of depression than age-matched emmetropes [OR: 2.02 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.51), I2 = 0.0%].\nConclusion: Integrated eye care approaches are advocated for and should consider the psychological impact of visual impairment. As myopia prevalence rises globally, understanding and mitigating its mental health effects will be crucial for public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22599\/bioj.500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:38:24Z","timestamp":1770802704000},"page":"46-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety among Myopes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.22599","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2568-8246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Kyei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9200-4122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randy","family":"Asiamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gideon","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4147-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Ekow","family":"Ampiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9887","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20260211093815_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X231195637","article-title":"\u2018Barriers at workplace: Challenges for adults with visual impairments\u2014a systematic literature review\u2019","volume":"117","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2014.926556","article-title":"\u2018Health-related quality of life among people aged \u2265 65 years with self-reported visual impairment: Findings from the 2006\u20132010 behavioral risk factor surveillance system\u2019","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1882-z","article-title":"\u2018Parent, teacher, and student perspectives on how corrective lenses improve child wellbeing and school function\u2019","volume":"20","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B4","article-title":"\u2018Myopia and near work: A systematic review and meta-analysis\u2019","volume":"20","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"\u2018Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test\u2019","volume":"315","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260211093815_B6","first-page":"M20","article-title":"\u2018Defining and classifying myopia: A proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiological studies\u2019","volume":"60","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOVS"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.280","article-title":"\u2018Epidemiology of myopia\u2019","volume":"28","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B8","article-title":"\u2018Interventions to increase physical activity: An analysis of candidate behavioural mechanisms\u2019","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine Reports"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B9","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u2018A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide\u2019","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key20260211093815_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins, S., Narayanasamy, S., Vincent, S.J., Sampson, G.P. and Wood, J.M. 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