{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:05:14Z","timestamp":1791644714478,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Surg Relat Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.1.2016-0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]],"date-time":"2017-04-27T23:51:59Z","timestamp":1493337119000},"page":"44-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Classification and scoring systems for metastatic spine tumors: a literature review"],"prefix":"10.22603","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Tokuhashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Uei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9891","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Choi D, Crockard A, Bunger C, et al. Review of metastatic spine tumour classification and indications for surgery: the consensus statement of the Global Spine Tumour Study Group. Eur Spine J 2010; 19 (2): 215-222.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1252-x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Tokuhashi Y, Uei H, Oshima M, et al. Scoring system for prediction of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. World J Orthop 2014; 5 (3): 262-271.","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.262"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Enneking WF, Spainer SS, Goodman MA. A system for the surgical staging of musculosketetal sarcoma. Clin Orthop 1980; 153: 106-120.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198011000-00013"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. Robert F, McLain RF, Weinstein JN. Tumors of the spine. Semin Spine Surg 1990; 2 (3): 157-180."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Boriani S, Weinstein JN, Biagini R. Primary bone tumors of the spine: terminology and surgical staging. Spine 1997; 22 (9): 1036-1044.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199705010-00020"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Tomita K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi T, et al. Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine 2001; 26 (3): 298-306.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200102010-00016"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Bilsky MH, Laufer I, Fourney DR, et al. Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale. J Neurosurg Spine 2010; 13 (3): 324-328.","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09459"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Harrington KD. Metastatic disease of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1986; 68A (7): 110-1115.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668070-00025"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. Fisher CG, Dipaola CP, Ryken TC, et al. A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease: an evidence-based approach and expert consensus from the Spine Oncology Study Group. Spine 2010; 35 (22): E1221-E1229."},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Arana E, Kovacs FM, Royuea A, et al. Spine instability neoplastic score: agreement across different medical and surgical specialties. Spine J 2016; 16 (5): 591-599.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.10.006"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11. Tokuhashi Y, Kawano H, Ohsaka S, et al. A scoring system for preoperative evaluation of the prognosis of metastatic spine tumor (a preliminary report). Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 1989; 63 (5): 482-489 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Toriyama S, et al. Scoring system for the preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine 1990; 15 (11): 1110-1113.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199011010-00005"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Karnofsky DA. Clinical evaluation of anticancer drugs: Cancer chemotherapy. GANN Monograph 1967; 2: 223-231."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Oda H, et al. A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine 2005; 30 (19): 2186-2191 [PMID: 16205345]","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000180401.06919.a5"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Tokuhashi Y, Matsuzaki H, Kawano H, et al. [The indication of operative procedure for a metastatic spine tumor: a scoring system for the preoperative evaluation of the prognosis]. Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 1994; 68 (5): 379-389. (in Japanese)"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Tokuhashi Y, Ajiro Y, Umezawa N. Outcome of treatment for spinal metastases using scoring system for preoperative evaluation of prognosis. Spine 2009; 34 (1): 69-73.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181913f19"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Enkaua EA, Doursounian L, Chatellier G, et al. Vertebral metastases, a critical appreciation of the preoperative prognostic Tokuhashi score in a series of 71 cases. Spine 1997; 22 (19): 2293-2298.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199710010-00020"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Riegel T, Schilling T, Sitter H, et al. Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of vertebral metastases. Zentralbl Neurochir 2002; 63 (1): 2-6.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-31578"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Ulmar B, Richter M, Cakir B, et al. The Tokuhashi score: significant predictive value for the life expectancy of patients with breast cancer with spinal metastases. Spine 2005; 30 (19): 2222-2226.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000181055.10977.5b"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Yamashita K, Ueda T, Komatsubara Y, et al. Breast cancer with bone- only metastases: visceral metastases-free rate in relation to anatomic distribution of bone metastases. Cancer 1991; 68 (3): 634-637.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910801)68:3<634::AID-CNCR2820680332>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Majeed H, Kumar S, Bommireddy R, et al. Accuracy of prognostic scores in decision making and predicting outcomes in metastatic spine disease. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012; 94 (1): 28-33.","DOI":"10.1308\/003588412X13171221498424"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Hernandez-Fernandez A, V\u00e9lez R, Lersundi-Artamendi A, et al. External validity of the Tokuhashi score in patients with vertebral metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012; 138 (9): 1493-1500.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-012-1222-2"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Padalkar P, Tow B. Predictors of survival in surgically treated patients of spinal metastasis. Indian J Orthop 2011; 45 (4): 307-313.","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.82333"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Tabouret E, Cauvin C, Fuentes S, et al. Reassessment of scoring systems and prognostic factors for metastatic spinal cord compression. Spine J 2013; 15 (5): 944-950.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.06.036"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Yamashita T, Siemionow KB, Mroz T, et al. A prospective analysis of prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastases: Use of the revised Tokuhashi score. Spine 2011; 36 (11): 910-917.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e56ec1"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Hessler C, Vettorazzi E, Madert J, et al. Actual and predicted survival time of patients with spinal metastases of lung cancer: evaluation of the robustness of the Tokuhashi score. Spine 2011; 36 (12): 983-989.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e8f7f8"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Tokuhashi Y, Oshima M, Uei H. Letter to editor. Spine 2012; 37 (5): 429.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31824589be"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Quraishi NA, Manoharan SR, Arealis G, et al. Accuracy of the revised Tokuhashi score in predicting survival in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Eur Spine J 2013; 22 Suppl 1: S21-S26.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2649-5"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Pointillart V, Vital JM, Salmi R, et al. Survival prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in patients with spinal metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137 (5): 849-856.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-010-0946-0"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Wang M, B\u00fcnger CE, Li H, et al. Predictive value of Tokuhashi scoring systems in spinal metastases, focusing on various primary tumor groups: evaluation of 448 patients in the Aarhus spinal metastases database. Spine 2012; 37 (7): 573-582.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822bd6b0"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31. Liang T, Wan Y, Zou X, et al. Is surgery for spine metastasis reasonable in patients older than 60 years? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471: 628-639."},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Kawahara N, Tomita K, Murakami H, et al. Total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal tumors: surgical techniques and related basic background. Orthop Clin North Am 2009; 40 (1): 47-63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2008.09.004"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Zairi F, Arikat A, Allaoui M, et al. Minimally invasive decompression and stabilization for the management of thoracolumbar spine metastasis. J Neurosurg Spine 2012; 17 (1): 19-23.","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.4.SPINE111108"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Walter J, Reichart R, Waschke A, et al. Palliative considerations in the surgical treatment of spinal metastases: evaluation of posterolateral decompression combined with posterior instrumentation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138 (2): 301-310.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-011-1100-3"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Zhang D, Xu W, Liu T, et al. Surgery and prognostic factors of patients with epidural spinal cord compression caused by hepatocellular carcinoma metastases. Spine 2013; 38 (17): E1090-E1095.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182983bf8"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Cho DC, Sung JK. Palliative surgery for metastatic thoracic and lumbar tumors using posterolateral transpedicular approach with posterior instrumentation. Surg Neurol 2009; 71 (4): 424-433.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2008.02.049"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Omeis I, Bekelis K, Gregory A, et al. The use of expandable cages in patients undergoing multilevel corpectomies for metastatic tumors in the cervical spine. Orthopedics 2010; 33 (2): 87-92.","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100104-12"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Sundaresan N, Rothman A, Manhart K, et al. Surgery for solitary metastases of the spine: rationale and results of treatment. Spine 2002; 27 (16): 1802-1806.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208150-00021"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Chi JH, Gokaslan Z, McCormick P, et al. Selecting treatment for patients with malignant epidural spinal cord compression-does age matter?: results from a randomized clinical trial. Spine 2009; 34 (5): 431-435.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318193a25b"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Hu Y, Xia Q, Ji J, et al. One-stage combined posterior and anterior approaches for excising thoracolumbar and lumbar tumors: surgical and oncological outcomes. Spine 2010; 35 (5): 590-595.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b967ca"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Bauer H. Surgical Strategy for spinal metastases. Spine 2002; 27 (10): 1124-1125.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200205150-00027"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Bauer H, Wedin R. Survival after surgery for spinal and extremity metastases. Prognostication in 241 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66 (2): 143-146.","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679508995508"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. van der Linden YM, Dijkstra SP, Vonk EJ, et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column: results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer 2005; 103 (2): 320-328.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20756"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Leithner A, Radl R, Gruber G, et al. Predictive value of seven preoperative prognostic scoring systems for spinal metastases. Eur Spine J 2008; 17 (11): 1488-1495.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0763-1"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Wibmer C, Leithner A, Hofmann G, et al. Survival analysis of 254 patients after manifestation of spinal metastases: evaluation of seven preoperative scoring systems. Spine 2011; 36 (23):1977-1986.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182011f84"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Dardic M, Wibmer C, Berghold A, et al. Evaluation of prognostic scoring system for spinal metastases in 196 patients treated during 2005-2010. Eur Spine J 2015; 24 (10): 2133-2141.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3482-9"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Chen H, Xiao J, Yang X, et al. Preoperative scoring systems and prognostic factors for patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma. Spine 2010; 35 (23): E1339-E1346.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e574f5"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Rades D, Dunst J, Schild SE. The first score predicting overall survival in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression. Cancer 2008; 112 (1): 157-161.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23150"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Rades D, Douglas S, Veninga T, et al. Validation and simplification of a score predicting survival in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression. Cancer 2010; 116 (15): 3670-3673.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25223"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Rades D, Douglas S, Veninga T, et al. A survival score for patients with metastatic spinal cord compression from prostate cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188 (9): 802-806.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-012-0106-3"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Rades D, Douglas S, Schild SE. A validated survival score for breast cancer patients with metastatic spinal cord compression. Strahlenther Onkol 2013; 189 (1): 41-46.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-012-0230-0"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Douglas S, Schild SE, Rades D. Metastatic spinal cord compression in patients with cancer of unknown primary. Estimating the survival prognosis with a validated score. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188 (11): 1048-1051.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-012-0130-3"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Katagiri H, Takahashi M, Wakai K, et al. Prognostic factors and a scoring system for patients with skeletal metastasis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005; 87 (5): 698-703.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B5.15185"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54. Katagiri H, Okada R, Takagi T, et al. New Prognostic factors and scoring system for patients with skeletal metastasis. Cancer Medicine 2014; 3 (5): 1359-1367.","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.292"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Sioutos PJ, Arbit E, Meshulam CF, et al. Spinal metastases from solid tumors. Analysis of factors affecting survival. Cancer 1995; 76 (8): 1453-1459.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951015)76:8<1453::AID-CNCR2820760824>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Rades D, Hueppe M, Schild SE. A score to identify patients with metastatic spinal cord compression who may be candidates for best supportive care. Cancer 2013; 119 (4): 897-903.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27849"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57. Crnalic S, L\u00f6fvenberg R, Bergh A, et al. Predicting survival for surgery of metastatic spinal cord compression in prostate cancer: a new score. Spine 2012; 37 (26): 2168-2176.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31826011bc"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58. North RB, LaRocca VR, Schwartz J, et al. Surgical management of spinal metastases: analysis of prognostic factors during a 10-year experience. J Neurosurg: Spine 2005; 2 (5): 564-573.","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.5.0564"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59. Balain B, Jaiswal A, Trivedi JM, et al. The Oswestry Risk Index: an aid in the treatment of metastatic disease of the spine. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B (2): 210-216.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B2.29323"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60. Bakker NA, Coppes MH, Vergeer RA, et al. Surgery on spinal epidural metastases (SEM) in renal cell carcinoma: a plea for a new paradigm. Spine J 2014; 14 (9): 2038-2041.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.04.013"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61. Bollen L, van der Linden YM, Pondaag W, et al. Prognostic factors associated with survival in patients with symptomatic spinal bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study of 1,043 patients. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16 (7): 991-998.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not318"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62. Ghori AK, Leonard DA, Schoenfeld AJ, et al. Modeling 1-year survival after surgery on the metastatic spine. Spine J 2015; 15 (11): 2345-2350.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.06.061"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63. Lei M, Liu Y, Yan L, et al. A validated preoperative score predicting survival and functional outcome in lung cancer patients operated with posterior decompression and stabilization for metastatic spinal cord compression. Eur Spine J 2015; 25: 3971-3978.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4290-6"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64. Lei M, Li J, Liu Y, et al. Who are the best candidates for decompressive surgery and spine stabilization in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression? A new scoring system. Spine 2016; 41 (18): 1469-1476.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001538"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65. Switlyk MD, Kongsgaard U, Skejeldal S, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with symptomatic spinal metastases and normal neurological function. Clinical Oncology 2015; 27 (4): 213-221.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2015.01.002"},{"key":"66","unstructured":"66. Sharf S, Qadeer M. Metastatic spine: A review. WScJ 2016; 1 (1): 58-63."},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67. Oliveira MF, Rotta JM, Botelho RV. Survival analysis in patients with metastatic spinal disease: the influence of surgery, histology, clinical and neurologic status. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2015; 73 (4): 330-335.","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20150003"},{"key":"68","unstructured":"68. Kawai T, Aota Y, Yamashita T, et al. Analysis of survival prognostic factors in patients with newly detected metastatic spinal tumors. J Spine Res 2013; 4 (1): 136-142."},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69. Tokuhashi Y, Ajiro Y, Oshima M. Algorithm and planning in metastatic spine tumors. Orthop Clin North Am 2009; 40 (1): 37-46.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2008.09.002"},{"key":"70","unstructured":"70. Gasbarrini A, Cappuccio M, Mirabile L, et al. Spinal metastases treatment evaluation algorithm. ERMP 2004; 8 (6): 265-274."},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"71. Gasbarrini A, Li H, Cappuccio M, Mirabile L, et al. Efficacy evaluation of a new treatment algorithm for spinal metastases. Spine 2010; 35 (15): 1466-1470","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c680b9"},{"key":"72","unstructured":"72. Sun YQ, Cai YB, Rong GW. [Comparison of evaluating system for patients with spinal metastases]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2003; 41 (8): 570-574 (in Chinese)."},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73. Paton GR, Frangou E, Fourney DR. Contemporary treatment strategy for spinal metastasis: the &quot;LMNOP&quot; system. Can J Neurol Sci 2011; 38 (3): 396-403.","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710001177X"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"74. Tang V, Harvey D, Park Dorsay J, et al. Prognostic indicators in metastatic spinal cord compression: using functional independence measure and Tokuhashi scale to optimize rehabilitation planning. Spinal Cord 2007; 45 (10): 671-677.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102024"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"75. Yamashita T, Aota Y, Kushida K, et al. Changes in physical function after palliative surgery for metastatic spinal tumor: association of the revised Tokuhashi score with neurologic recovery. Spine 2008; 33 (21): 2341-2346.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181878733"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"76. Putz C, Wiedenh\u00f6fer B, Gerner HJ, et al. Tokuhashi prognosis score: an important tool in prediction of the neurological outcome in metastatic spinal cord compression: a retrospective clinical study. Spine 2008 15; 33 (24): 2669-2674","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318188b98f"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"77. Rades D, Rudat V, Veninga T, et al. A score predicting posttreatment ambulatory status in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 72 (3): 905-908.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.02.018"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"78. Cho W, Chang UK. Neurological and survival outcomes after surgical management of subaxial cervical spine metastases. Spine 2012; 37 (16): E969-E977","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31824ee1c2"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"79. Morgen SS, Lund-Andersen C, Larsen CF, et al. Prognosis in patients with symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression: survival in different cancer diagnosis in a cohort of 2321 patients. Spine 2013; 38 (16): 1362-1367.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318294835b"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"80. Ogihara S, Seichi A, Hozumi T, et al. Prognostic factors for patients with spinal metastases from lung cancer. Spine 2006; 31 (14):1585-1590.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000222146.91398.c9"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"81. Shehadi JA, Sciubba DM, Suk I, et al. Surgical treatment strategies and outcome in patients with breast cancer metastatic to the spine: a review of 87 patients. Eur Spine J 2007; 16 (8): 1179-1192.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0357-3"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"82. Williams BJ, Fox BD, Sciubba DM, et al. Surgical management of prostate cancer metastatic to the spine. J Neurosurg Spine 2009; 10 (5): 414-422.","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08509"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"83. Gregory TM, Coriat R, Mir O. Prognostic scoring systems for spinal metastases in the era of anti-VEGF therapies. Spine 2013; 38 (11): 965-966","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182609d38"}],"container-title":["Spine Surgery and Related Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ssrr\/1\/2\/1_1.2016-0021\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:40:51Z","timestamp":1658968851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ssrr\/1\/2\/1_1.2016-0021\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22603\/ssrr.1.2016-0021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2432-261X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2432-261X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}