{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:37:24Z","timestamp":1791859044031,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Asia Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.22608\/apo.201853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T08:51:49Z","timestamp":1524819109000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pharmacotherapy and ROP: Going Back to the Basics"],"prefix":"10.22608","member":"9895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.11.009","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: a global perspective of the epidemics, population of babies at risk and implications for control","volume":"84","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","unstructured":"1. Gilbert C. Retinopathy of prematurity: a global perspective of the epidemics, population of babies at risk and implications for control. Early Hum Dev. 2008;84:77\u201282.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.09.004","article-title":"An update on progress and changing epidemiology of causes of childhood blindness worldwide","volume":"16","author":"Kong","year":"2012","unstructured":"2. Kong L, Fry M, Al-Samarraie M, et al. An update on progress and changing epidemiology of causes of childhood blindness worldwide. J AAPOS. 2012; 16:501\u2012507.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1088","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"118","author":"Bizzaro","year":"2006","unstructured":"3. Bizzaro MJ, Hussain N, Jonsson B, et al. Genetic susceptibility to retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1858\u20121863.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2015.09.007","article-title":"Genomics in the neonatal nursery: focus on ROP","volume":"39","author":"ME","year":"2015","unstructured":"4. Hartnett ME, Cotten CM. Genomics in the neonatal nursery: focus on ROP. Semin Perinatol. 2015;39:604\u2012610.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02394.x","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal factors associated with poor early weight gain and later retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"100","author":"Wikstrand","year":"2011","unstructured":"5. Wikstrand MD, Hard AL, Niklasson A, et al. Maternal and neonatal factors associated with poor early weight gain and later retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Paediatr. 2011;100:1528\u20121533.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781","article-title":"Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants.","volume":"362","year":"2010","unstructured":"6. SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1959\u20121969.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514212","article-title":"Outcomes of two trials of oxygen-saturation targets in preterm infants","volume":"374","author":"BOOST-II Australia","year":"2016","unstructured":"7. BOOST-II Australia and United Kingdom Collaborative Groups. Outcomes of two trials of oxygen-saturation targets in preterm infants. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:749\u2012760.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","article-title":"An International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity revisited.","volume":"123","year":"2005","unstructured":"8. An International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity revisited. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:991\u2012999.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9950","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.3.311","article-title":"15-year outcomes following threshold retinopathy of prematurity: final results from the multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"123","author":"Palmer","year":"2005","unstructured":"9. Palmer EA, Hardy RJ, Dobson V, et al. 15-year outcomes following threshold retinopathy of prematurity: final results from the multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123: 311\u2012318.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"233","article-title":"Final results of the ETROP randomized trial.","volume":"102","author":"Good","year":"2004","unstructured":"10. Good WV, Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Final results of the ETROP randomized trial. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2004;102:233\u2012248.","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0065-9533","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007374","article-title":"Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"364","author":"Mintz-Hittner","year":"2011","unstructured":"11. Mintz-Hittner HA, Kennedy KA, Chuang AZ, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364:603\u2012615.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905010106","article-title":"An essential role for RPE-derived soluble VEGF in the maintenance of the choriocapillaris","volume":"106","author":"Saint-Geniez","year":"2009","unstructured":"12. Saint-Geniez M, Kurihara T, Sekiyama E, et al. An essential role for RPE-derived soluble VEGF in the maintenance of the choriocapillaris. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:1851\u20121856.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001209","article-title":"Serum vascular endothelial growth factor after bevacizumab or ranibizumab treatment for ROP","volume":"37","author":"WC","year":"2017","unstructured":"13. Wu WC, Shih CP, Lien R, et al. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor after bevacizumab or ranibizumab treatment for ROP. Retina. 2017;37: 694\u2012701.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"801","article-title":"Significant treatment failure with intravitreous bevacizumab for ROP.","volume":"130","author":"Patel","year":"2012","unstructured":"14. Patel RD, Blair MP, Shapiro MJ, et al. Significant treatment failure with intravitreous bevacizumab for ROP. Arch Ophthlmol. 2012;130:801\u2012802.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthlmol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.592","article-title":"Reactivation of ROP after bevacizumab injection","volume":"130","author":"Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"15. Hu J, Blair MP, Shapiro MJ, et al. Reactivation of ROP after bevacizumab injection. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130:1000\u20121006.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(46)80009-X","article-title":"Retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"29","author":"Terry","year":"1946","unstructured":"16. Terry TL. Retrolental fibroplasia. J Pediatr. 1946;29:770\u2012773.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.38.7.397","article-title":"Effect of oxygen on developing retinal vessels with particular reference to the problem of retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"38","author":"Ashton","year":"1954","unstructured":"17. Ashton N, Ward B, Serpell G. Effect of oxygen on developing retinal vessels with particular reference to the problem of retrolental fibroplasia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1954;38:397\u2012432.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(53)91779-6","article-title":"Oxygen studies in retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"36","author":"Patz","year":"1953","unstructured":"18. Patz A, Eastham A, Higginbotham DH, et al. Oxygen studies in retrolental fibroplasia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1953;36:1511\u20121522.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.004","article-title":"Advances in understanding and management of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"62","author":"Hartnett","year":"2017","unstructured":"19. Hartnett ME. Advances in understanding and management of retinopathy of prematurity. Surv Ophthalmol. 2017;62:275\u2012276.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.01.057","article-title":"Patterns of oxygenation, mortality, and growth status in the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oxygen Trial cohort","volume":"186","author":"Di Fiore","year":"2017","unstructured":"20. Di Fiore JM, Martin RJ, Li H, et al. Patterns of oxygenation, mortality, and growth status in the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oxygen Trial cohort. J Pediatr. 2017;186:49\u201356.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"94","article-title":"Current concepts of oxygen management in retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"9","author":"Owen","year":"2014","unstructured":"21. Owen LA, Hartnett ME. Current concepts of oxygen management in retinopathy of prematurity. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2014;9:94\u2012100.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2008-2010","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"101","article-title":"Oxygen induced retinopathy in the mouse.","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"22. Smith LEH, Wesolowski E, McLellan A, et al. Oxygen induced retinopathy in the mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:101\u2012111.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92475-2","article-title":"Transcutaneous oxygen levels in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"346","author":"Cunningham","year":"1995","unstructured":"23. Cunningham S, Fleck BW, Elton RA, et al. Transcutaneous oxygen levels in retinopathy of prematurity. Lancet. 1995;346:1464\u20121465.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199412000-00007","article-title":"Exposure to alternating hypoxia and hyperoxia causes severe proliferative retinopathy in the newborn rat","volume":"36","author":"Penn","year":"1994","unstructured":"24. Penn JS, Henry MM, Tolman BL, et al. Exposure to alternating hypoxia and hyperoxia causes severe proliferative retinopathy in the newborn rat. Pediatr Res. 1994;36:724\u2012731.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208129","article-title":"Mechanisms and management of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"367","author":"ME","year":"2012","unstructured":"25. Hartnett ME, Penn JS. Mechanisms and management of retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2515\u20122526.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300276","article-title":"Early retinal blood vessel growth in normal and growth restricted rat pups raised in oxygen and room air","volume":"95","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"26. Dhaliwal CA, Wade J, Gillespie T, et al. Early retinal blood vessel growth in normal and growth restricted rat pups raised in oxygen and room air. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95:1592\u20121596.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"55","article-title":"Targeting VEGF in canine oxygen induced retinopathy \u2013 a model for human retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"8","author":"McLeod","year":"2016","unstructured":"27. McLeod DS, Lutty GA. Targeting VEGF in canine oxygen induced retinopathy \u2013 a model for human retinopathy of prematurity. Eye Brain. 2016;8:55\u201256.","journal-title":"Eye Brain","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1179-2744","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"957","article-title":"Postnatal vascular development of the puppy.","volume":"26","author":"Flower","year":"1985","unstructured":"28. Flower RW, McLeod DS, Lutty GA, et al. Postnatal vascular development of the puppy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985;26:957\u2012968.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20278-4","article-title":"Targeted knockdown of overexpressed VEGFA or VEGF164 in Muller cells maintains retinal function by triggering different signaling mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Becker","year":"2018","unstructured":"29. Becker S, Wang H, Simmons AB, et al. Targeted knockdown of overexpressed VEGFA or VEGF164 in Muller cells maintains retinal function by triggering different signaling mechanisms. Sci Rep. 2018;8:2003.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0632","article-title":"Vascular precursors in developing human retina","volume":"49","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"30. Hasegawa T, McLeod DS, Prow T, et al. Vascular precursors in developing human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:2178\u20122192.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1201","article-title":"The effect of oxygen on vasoformative cell division: evidence that physiologic hypoxia is the stimulus for normal retinal vasculogenesis.","volume":"36","author":"Chang-Ling","year":"1995","unstructured":"31. Chang-Ling T, Gock B, Stone J, et al. The effect of oxygen on vasoformative cell division: evidence that physiologic hypoxia is the stimulus for normal retinal vasculogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:1201\u20121214.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523005113","article-title":"Comparative systems pharmacology of HIF stabilization in the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"113","author":"Hoppe","year":"2016","unstructured":"32. Hoppe G, Yoon S, Gopalan B, et al. Comparative systems pharmacology of HIF stabilization in the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:E2516\u2012E2525.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"3511","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity in ELBW infants.","volume":"59","author":"Hartnett","year":"2014","unstructured":"33. Hartnett ME, Morrison MA, Smith S, et al. Genetic variants associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity in ELBW infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;59:3511\u20123521.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-0404","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13429","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of retinal vascular area and density after different methods to reduce VEGF in a rat model of ROP","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"34. Wang H, Yang Z, Jiang Y, et al. Quantitative analysis of retinal vascular area and density after different methods to reduce VEGF in a rat model of ROP. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:737\u2012744.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20171246","article-title":"Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species: a review of their role in ocular disease","volume":"131","author":"Ung","year":"2017","unstructured":"35. Ung L, Pattamatta U, Carnt N, et al. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species: a review of their role in ocular disease. Clin Sci. 2017;131: 2865\u20122883.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6419","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21931","article-title":"Systemic inflammation-associated proteins and retinopathy of prematurity in infants born before the 28th week of gestation","volume":"58","author":"Holm","year":"2017","unstructured":"36. Holm, M, Morker TS, Fichorova RN, et al. Systemic inflammation-associated proteins and retinopathy of prematurity in infants born before the 28th week of gestation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:6419\u20126428.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0943-1","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: inflammation, choroidal degeneration, and novel promising therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Rivera","year":"2017","unstructured":"37. Rivera JC, Holm, M, Austeng D, et al. Retinopathy of prematurity: inflammation, choroidal degeneration, and novel promising therapeutic strategies. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14:165.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6297","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512683112","article-title":"Nrf2 in ischemic neurons promotes retinal vascular regeneration through regulation of semaphoirn 6A.","volume":"112","author":"Wei","year":"2015","unstructured":"38. Wei, Y, Gong, J, Xu Z, et al. Nrf2 in ischemic neurons promotes retinal vascular regeneration through regulation of semaphoirn 6A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E6297\u2012E6236.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(02)00307-X","article-title":"Oxygen monitoring in preterm babies: too high, too low?","volume":"4","author":"Tin","year":"2003","unstructured":"39. Tin W, Walker S, Lacamp C. Oxygen monitoring in preterm babies: too high, too low? Pediatr Respir Rev. 2003;4:9\u201214.","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1526-0542","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.295","article-title":"Supplemental therapeutic oxygen for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity, a randomized, controlled trial: primary outcomes.","volume":"105","year":"2000","unstructured":"40. STOP-ROP Multicenter Study Group. Supplemental therapeutic oxygen for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity, a randomized, controlled trial: primary outcomes. Pediatrics. 2000;105;295\u2012310.","journal-title":"Pediatrics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0031-4005","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3307","article-title":"Oxygen saturation target range for extremely preterm infants: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Manja","year":"2015","unstructured":"41. Manja V, Lakshminrusimha S, Cook DJ. Oxygen saturation target range for extremely preterm infants: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc Pediatr. 2015;169:332\u2012340.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc Pediatr"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5555","article-title":"Effects of targeting higher vs lower arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in extremely preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"309","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"42. Schmidt B, White RK, Asztalos EV, et al. Effects of targeting higher vs lower arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in extremely preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309:2111\u20122120.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20170301-10","article-title":"Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity three years after treatment with bevacizumab","volume":"48","author":"Hajrasouliha","year":"2017","unstructured":"43. Hajrasouliha AR, Garcia-Gonazales JM, Shapiro MJ, et al. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity three years after treatment with bevacizumab. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:255\u2012259.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160229-12","article-title":"Very late reactivation of ROP after monotherapy with intravitreal bevacizumab","volume":"47","author":"Snyder","year":"2016","unstructured":"44. Snyder LL, Garcia-Gonzalez JM, Shapiro MJ, et al. Very late reactivation of ROP after monotherapy with intravitreal bevacizumab. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:280\u2012283.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.028","article-title":"Clinical management of recurrent retinopathy of prematurity following intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy","volume":"123","author":"Mintz-Hittner","year":"2016","unstructured":"45. Mintz-Hittner HA, Geloneck MM, Chuang AZ. Clinical management of recurrent retinopathy of prematurity following intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1845\u20121855.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.018","article-title":"Ranibizumab injection as primary treatment in patients with ROP","volume":"124","author":"Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"46. Huang Q, Zhang Q, Ping F, et al. Ranibizumab injection as primary treatment in patients with ROP. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:1156\u20121164.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1055","article-title":"Assessment of lower doses of intravitreous bevacizumab for ROP","volume":"135","author":"DK","year":"2017","unstructured":"47. Wallace DK, Kraker RT, Freedman SF, et al; for Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Assessment of lower doses of intravitreous bevacizumab for ROP. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135:654\u2012656.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"January","key":"ref47","first-page":"8","article-title":"Comparing alternative ranibizumab dosages for safety and efficacy in ROP.","author":"Stahl","year":"2018","unstructured":"48. Stahl A, Krohne T, Eter N, et al; for the CARE-ROP Study Group. Comparing alternative ranibizumab dosages for safety and efficacy in ROP. JAMA Pediatr. January 8, 2018. [Epub ahead of print].","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2168-6203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000166","article-title":"Intravitreal pegabtanib combined with diode laser therapy for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II","volume":"22","author":"Autrata","year":"2012","unstructured":"49. Autrata R, Krejcirova I, Senkova K. Intravitreal pegabtanib combined with diode laser therapy for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012;22:678\u2012694.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13905","DOI":"10.1038\/70963","article-title":"Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent retinal neovascularization by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"50. Smith LE, Shen W, Perruzzi C, et al. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent retinal neovascularization by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Nat Med. 1999;5:13905.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.7.8629","article-title":"IGF-1 is critical for normal vascularization of the human retina","volume":"87","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2002","unstructured":"51. Hellstrom A, Clarson B, Niklasson A, et al. IGF-1 is critical for normal vascularization of the human retina. J Clin Endocrionol Metab. 2002;87: 3413\u20123416.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrionol Metab"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181973dc8","article-title":"Oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice: amplification by neonatal IGF-1 deficit and attenuation by IGF-1 administration","volume":"65","author":"Vanhaesebrouck","year":"2009","unstructured":"52. Vanhaesebrouck S, Daniels H, Moons L, et al. Oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice: amplification by neonatal IGF-1 deficit and attenuation by IGF-1 administration. Pediatr Res. 2009;65:307\u2012310.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.146","article-title":"Longitudinal infusion of a complex of insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in five preterm infants; phramcokinetics and short term safety","volume":"73","author":"Ley","year":"2013","unstructured":"53. Ley D, Hansen-Pupp I, Niklasson A, et al. Longitudinal infusion of a complex of insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in five preterm infants; phramcokinetics and short term safety. Pediatr Res. 2013;73:68\u201274.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.008","article-title":"IGF-1 in retinopathy of prematurity, a CNS neurovascular disease","volume":"102","author":"Liegl","year":"2016","unstructured":"54. Liegl R, Lofqvist C, Hellstrom A, et al. IGF-1 in retinopathy of prematurity, a CNS neurovascular disease. Early Hum Dev. 2016;102:13\u201219.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.94","article-title":"Revisiting the role of erythropoietin for treatment of ocular disorders","volume":"30","author":"Ding","year":"2016","unstructured":"55. Ding SSL, Leow SN, Munisvaradass R, et al. Revisiting the role of erythropoietin for treatment of ocular disorders. Eye (Lond). 2016;30: 1293\u20121309.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2521","article-title":"Suppression of retinal neovascularization by erythropoietin siRNA in a mouse model of proliferative retinopathy","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"56. Chen J, Connor KM, Aderman CM, et al. Suppression of retinal neovascularization by erythropoietin siRNA in a mouse model of proliferative retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:1329\u20121335.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg117","article-title":"HLF\/HIF-2alpha is a key factor in retinopathy of prematurity in association with erythropoietin","volume":"22","author":"Morita","year":"2003","unstructured":"57. Morita M, Ohneda O, Yamashita T, et al. HLF\/HIF-2alpha is a key factor in retinopathy of prematurity in association with erythropoietin. EMBO J. 2003;22:1134\u20121146.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.09.005","article-title":"Association between higher cumulative doses of recombinant erythropoietin and risk for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"58. Brown MS, Baron AE, France EK, et al. Association between higher cumulative doses of recombinant erythropoietin and risk for retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS. 2006;10:143\u2012149.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.78","article-title":"Outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants given early high-dose erythropoietin","volume":"33","author":"McAdams","year":"2013","unstructured":"59. McAdams RM, McPherson RJ, Mayock DE, et al. Outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants given early high-dose erythropoietin. J Perinatol. 2013;33:226\u2012230.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9387","article-title":"Oxygen toxicity in premature infants","volume":"181","author":"Weinberger","year":"2002","unstructured":"60. Weinberger B, Laskin DL, Heck DE, et al. Oxygen toxicity in premature infants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002;181:60\u201267.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198907000-00008","article-title":"The total free radical trapping ability of cord blood plasma in preterm and term babies","volume":"26","author":"Lindeman","year":"1989","unstructured":"61. Lindeman JH, van Zoeren-Grobben D, Schrijver J, et al. The total free radical trapping ability of cord blood plasma in preterm and term babies. Pediatr Res. 1989;26:20\u201224.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.7_Spec_No.748","article-title":"Serum antioxidant activity in neonates.","volume":"63","author":"Sullivan","year":"1988","unstructured":"62. Sullivan JL, Newton RB. Serum antioxidant activity in neonates. Arch Dis Child. 1988;63:20\u201224.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9888","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6020040","article-title":"Roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in angiogenesis: isoform-specific effects","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"63. Wang H, Hartnett ME. Roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in angiogenesis: isoform-specific effects. Antioxidants. 2017;6:40.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003665","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003665","article-title":"Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.","volume":"4","author":"Brion","year":"2003","unstructured":"64. Brion LP, Bell EF, Raghuveer TS. Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;4:CD003665.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1469-493X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.4.489","article-title":"Tocopherol efficacy and safety for preventing retinopathy of prematurity; a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial.","volume":"79","author":"Phelps","year":"1987","unstructured":"65. Phelps DL, Rosenbaum AL, Isenberg SJ, et al. Tocopherol efficacy and safety for preventing retinopathy of prematurity; a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial. Pediatrics. 1987;79:489\u2012500.","journal-title":"Pediatrics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0031-4005","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)33912-X","article-title":"Retinal hemorrhage in retinopathy of prematurity associated with tocopherol treatment","volume":"92","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1985","unstructured":"66. Rosenbaum AL, Phelps DL, Isenberg SJ, et al. Retinal hemorrhage in retinopathy of prematurity associated with tocopherol treatment. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:1012\u20121014.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70031-3","article-title":"Vitamin E prophylaxis to reduce retinopathy of prematurity: a reappraisal of published trials","volume":"131","author":"Raju","year":"1997","unstructured":"67. Raju TNK, Langenberg P, Bhutani V, et al. Vitamin E prophylaxis to reduce retinopathy of prematurity: a reappraisal of published trials. J Pediatr. 1997; 131:844\u2012850.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD004869","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd004869.pub2","article-title":"Cysteine, cysteine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates.","volume":"4","author":"Soghier","year":"2006","unstructured":"68. Soghier LM, Brion LP. Cysteine, cysteine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD004869.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1469-493X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2015.12.006","article-title":"Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"40","author":"Beharry","year":"2016","unstructured":"69. Beharry KD, Valencia GB, Lazzaro DR, et al. Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Semin Perinatol. 2016;40:189\u2012202.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"47","article-title":"Controlled trial of D-penicillamine to prevent retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"27","author":"Lakatos","year":"1986","unstructured":"70. Lakatos L, Hatvani I, Oroszlan G, et al. Controlled trial of D-penicillamine to prevent retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Paediatr Hung. 1986;27:47\u201256.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-6527","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01837.x","article-title":"Oral D-penicillamine for the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Tandon","year":"2010","unstructured":"71. Tandon M, Dutta S, Dogra MR, et al. Oral D-penicillamine for the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99:1324\u20121328.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000336639","article-title":"Reduction of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low gestational age newborns treated with recombinant Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase","volume":"102","author":"Parad","year":"2012","unstructured":"72. Parad RB, Allred EN, Rosenfeld WN, et al. Reduction of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low gestational age newborns treated with recombinant Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase. Neonatology. 2012;102:139\u2012144.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.607618","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing lutein to placebo for reducing occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"24","author":"Romagnoli","year":"2011","unstructured":"73. Romagnoli C, Giannantonio C, Cota F, et al. A prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing lutein to placebo for reducing occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011; 24(Suppl 1):147\u2012150.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1476-7058","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000501","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000501","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birthweight infants.","volume":"4","author":"Darlow","year":"2002","unstructured":"74. Darlow BA, Graham PJ. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;4:CD000501.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1469-493X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0392","article-title":"COX-2 inhibition and retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"44","author":"Wilkinson-Berka","year":"2003","unstructured":"75. Wilkinson-Berka JL, Alousis NS, Kelly DJ, et al. COX-2 inhibition and retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:974\u2012979.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0057","article-title":"Comparative effects of early postnatal ibuproben and indomethacin on VEGF, IGF-1, and GH during rat ocular development","volume":"47","author":"Beharry","year":"2006","unstructured":"76. Beharry KD, Modanlou HD, Hassan J, et al. Comparative effects of early postnatal ibuproben and indomethacin on VEGF, IGF-1, and GH during rat ocular development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:3036\u20123043.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-4-15","article-title":"Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity with topical ketorolac tromethamine: a preliminary study","volume":"7","author":"Avila Vazquez","year":"2004","unstructured":"77. Avila Vazquez M, Maffrand R, Sosa M, et al. Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity with topical ketorolac tromethamine: a preliminary study. BMC Pediatr. 2004;7:4\u201215.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20100920-01","article-title":"Effectiveness of ketorolac tromethamine in prevention of severe retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"48","author":"Giannantonio","year":"2011","unstructured":"78. Giannantonio C, Purcaro V, Cota F, et al. Effectiveness of ketorolac tromethamine in prevention of severe retinopathy of prematurity. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2011;48:247\u2012251.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-18","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity and risk factors: a prospective cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Karna","year":"2005","unstructured":"79. Karna P, Muttineani J, Angell L, et al. Retinopathy of prematurity and risk factors: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2005;28:18.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.5.601","article-title":"Antenatal dexamethasone and decreased severity of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"116","author":"Higgins","year":"1998","unstructured":"80. Higgins RD, Mendelsohn AL, DeFeo MJ, et al. Antenatal dexamethasone and decreased severity of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:601\u2012605.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2016.1158272","article-title":"The efficacy of propranolol in retinopathy of prematurity and its correlation with the platelet mass index","volume":"42","author":"Kokmaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"81. Kokmaz L, Bastug O, Ozdemir A, et al. The efficacy of propranolol in retinopathy of prematurity and its correlation with the platelet mass index. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42:88\u201297.","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2015-0357","article-title":"Oral propranolol in early stages of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"44","author":"Bancalari","year":"2016","unstructured":"82. Bancalari A, Schade R, Munoz T, et al. Oral propranolol in early stages of retinopathy of prematurity. J Perinat Med. 2016;44:499\u2012503.","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.049","article-title":"Oral propranolol for retinopathy of prematurity: risks, safety concerns, and perspectives","volume":"163","author":"Filippi","year":"2013","unstructured":"83. Filippi L, Cavallaro G, Bagnoli P, et al. Oral propranolol for retinopathy of prematurity: risks, safety concerns, and perspectives. J Pediatr. 2013;163: 1570\u20121577.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.01.001","article-title":"Adenosine receptors and caffeine in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"84. Chen JF, Zhang S, Zhou R, et al. Adenosine receptors and caffeine in retinopathy of prematurity. Mol Aspects Med. 2017;55:118\u2012125.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073679","article-title":"Long term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"357","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"85. Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, et al. Long term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1893\u20121902.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.12.1828","article-title":"Early caffeine use in very low birth weight infants and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"86. Park HW, Lim G, Chung SH. Early caffeine use in very low birth weight infants and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30:1828\u20121835.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T04:33:30Z","timestamp":1661056410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/apjoo\/Abstract\/2018\/05000\/Pharmacotherapy_and_ROP__Going_Back_to_the_Basics.2.aspx"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":86,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22608\/apo.201853","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-0989","2162-0989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-0989","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-0989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}