{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:59:03Z","timestamp":1771300743619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Library of Serbia","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ComSIS","COMPUT SCI INF SYST","COMPUT SCI INFORM SY","COMPUTER SCI INFORM","COMSIS J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Identifying and assessing potential risks of implementing new technologies is critical for organizations to respond to them efficiently during the technology life cycle. Blockchain has been introduced as one of the emerging and disruptive technology in the field of information technology in recent years, which system developers have noted. In this study, a comprehensive set of risks have been identified and categorized based on the literature findings to identify the risks of blockchain implementation. Critical risks are defined by performing a two-stage fuzzy Delphi method based on the experts' opinions. Then, possible causal relationships between considered risks are identified and analyzed using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method. Finally, the most important risks are ranked based on the degree of prominence and the relationships between them. Industry enterprise resource planning system based on blockchain technology has been studied as a case study. The obtained results indicate that the technology's immaturity has the most impact, the high investment cost is the most impressive risk, and privacy has a critical role in risks relationships. In addition, the high investment cost has the highest priority among other risks and the privacy and issues with contract law are ranked second and third, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2298\/csis220308039s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T10:52:12Z","timestamp":1686567132000},"page":"977-996","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comprehensive risk assessment and analysis of blockchain technology implementation using fuzzy cognitive mapping"],"prefix":"10.2298","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Samsamian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Shahrood University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliakbar","family":"Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Shahrood University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saqib","family":"Hakak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity, Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Fatemeh","given":"Tanha","family":"Esmaeilnezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Khurran","given":"Muhammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1078","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farshidi S, Jansen S, de Jong R, Brinkkemper S. A decision support system for software technology selection. Journal of Decision systems. 2018. 27(sup1): p. 98-110.","DOI":"10.1080\/12460125.2018.1464821"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efanov, D. and P. Roschin, The all-pervasiveness of the blockchain technology. Procedia computer science, 2018. 123: p. 116-121.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.01.019"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme R, Christin N, Edelman B, Moore T. Bitcoin: Economics, technology, and governance. Journal of economic Perspectives. 2015. 29(2): p. 213-38.","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.29.2.213"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu H, Huang K, Azimi M, Guo L. Blockchain technology in the oil and gas industry: A review of applications, opportunities, challenges, and risks. Ieee Access. 2019. 27(7): p. 41426-44.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2907695"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, B.S., C.G. King, and J. Holladay, Blockchain security risk assessment and the auditor. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 2020. 31(2): p. 47-53.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcaf.22433"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Swan, M., Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy. 2015: \" O'Reilly Media, Inc.\"."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vukoli\u0107, M. The quest for scalable blockchain fabric: Proof-of-work vs. BFT replication. in International workshop on open problems in network security. 2015. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39028-4_9"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Britchenko, I., T. Cherniavska, and B. Cherniavskyi, Blockchain technology into the logistics supply. 2018."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, C. and A. Yildizba\u015fi, Barriers to implementation of blockchain into supply chain management using an integrated multi-criteria decision-making method: a numerical example. Soft Computing, 2020. 24(19): p. 14771-14789.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-020-04831-w"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hrischev, R. ERP systems and data security. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. IOP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/878\/1\/012009"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Staples M, Chen S, Falamaki S, Ponomarev A, Rimba P, Tran AB, Weber I, Xu X, Zhu J. Risks and opportunities for systems using blockchain and smart contracts. Data61. CSIRO), Sydney. 2017."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Kim, K. and T. Kang. Does technology against corruption always lead to benefit? The potential risks and challenges of the blockchain technology. in Paper submitted to OECD\u2019s Anti-Corruption and Integrity Forum. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/cleangovbiz\/Integrity-Forum-2017-Kim-Kang-blockchain-technology.pdf. 2017."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zamani, E., Y. He, and M. Phillips, On the security risks of the blockchain. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2020. 60(6): p. 495-506.","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2018.1538709"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, C.G. The risks and dangers of relying on blockchain technology in underdeveloped countries. in NOMS 2018-2018 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. 2018. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/NOMS.2018.8406330"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B B\u00fcrer MJ, de Lapparent M, Pallotta V, Capezzali M, Carpita M. Use cases for blockchain in the energy industry opportunities of emerging business models and related risks. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2019. 137:106002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106002"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norta, A., R. Matulevi\u010dius, and B. Leiding, Safeguarding a formalized blockchain-enabled identity-authentication protocol by applying security risk-oriented patterns. Computers & Security, 2019. 86: p. 253-269.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.05.017"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayeed, S. and H. Marco-Gisbert, Assessing blockchain consensus and security mechanisms against the 51% attack. Applied Sciences, 2019. 9(9): p. 1788.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091788"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prewett, K.W., G.L. Prescott, and K. Phillips, Blockchain adoption is inevitable-Barriers and risks remain. Journal of Corporate accounting & finance, 2020. 31(2): p. 21-28.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcaf.22415"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng S, Wang W, Xiong Z, Niyato D, Wang P, Wang SS. On cyber risk management of blockchain networks: A game theoretic approach. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing. 2018. 14(5): p. 1492-504.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2018.2876846"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas, B. and R. Gupta, Analysis of barriers to implement blockchain in industry and service sectors. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2019. 136: p. 225-241.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.07.005"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zkan B, Kaya \u0130, Erdo\u011fan M, Kara\u015fan A. Evaluating blockchain risks by using a MCDM methodology based on Pythagorean fuzzy sets. InInternational conference on intelligent and fuzzy systems 2019. 23: p. 935-943. Springer, Cham.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23756-1_111"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drljevic, N., D.A. Aranda, and V. Stantchev, Perspectives on risks and standards that affect the requirements engineering of blockchain technology. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2020. 69: p. 103409.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2019.103409"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"KPMG, Realizing blockchain's potential, in Retrieved from https:\/\/assets.kpmg\/content\/dam\/kpmg\/xx\/pdf\/2018\/09\/realizing-blockchains-potential.pdf. 2018."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zetzsche, D.A., R.P. Buckley, and D.W. Arner, The distributed liability of distributed ledgers: Legal risks of blockchain. U. Ill. L. Rev., 2018: p. 1361.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3018214"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindman, J., V.K. Tuunainen, and M. Rossi, Opportunities and risks of Blockchain Technologies-a research agenda. 2017.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2017.185"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Caron, F., Blockchain: Identifying risk on the road to distributed ledgers. ISACA Journal, 2017. 5: p. 1-6."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Tarr, J.-A., Distributed ledger technology, blockchain and insurance: Opportunities, risks and challenges. Insurance Law Journal, 2018. 29(3): p. 254-268."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Santhana, P. and A. Biswas, Blockchain risk management-risk functions need to play an active role in shaping blockchain strategy. Accessed: Dec, 2017. 7: p. 2019."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y. Research on supply chain financial risk assessment based on blockchain and fuzzy neural networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 2021 Feb 17;2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5565980"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishikawa, A., et al., The max-min Delphi method and fuzzy Delphi method via fuzzy integration. Fuzzy sets and systems, 1993. 55(3): p. 241-253.","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(93)90251-C"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habibi, A., F.F. Jahantigh, and A. Sarafrazi, Fuzzy Delphi technique for forecasting and screening items. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 2015. 5(2): p. 130-143.","DOI":"10.5958\/2249-7307.2015.00036.5"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Papageorgiou E, Papageorgiou K, Dikopoulou Z, Mouhrir A. A web-based tool for Fuzzy Cognitive Map Modeling, 2018. Fort Collins, USA."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esmaeilnezhad Tanha, F., Hasani, A., Hakak, S., Reddy Gadekallu, T. Blockchain-based cyber physical systems: Comprehensive model for challenge assessment, Computers and Electrical Engineering, 2022. 103, 2022, 108347.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108347"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Song, W., Sustainability risk assessment of blockchain adoption in sustainable supply chain: An integrated method, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2022. 171, 108378.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108378"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, S., Shu-Ling Chen, P., Du, Y. Risk assessment of maritime container shipping blockchain-integrated systems: An analysis of multi-event scenarios, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2022. 163, 102764.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2022.102764"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadeghi, M., Mahmoudi, A. and Deng, X. Blockchain technology in construction organizations: risk assessment using trapezoidal fuzzy ordinal priority approach, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ECAM-01-2022-0014","DOI":"10.1108\/ECAM-01-2022-0014"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorbunova, M., Masek, P., Komarov, M., Ometov, A. Distributed Ledger Technology: State-of-the-Art and Current Challenges. Computer Science and Information Systems, 2022. 19 (1), 65-85.","DOI":"10.2298\/CSIS210215037G"}],"container-title":["Computer Science and Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T08:06:05Z","timestamp":1721981165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doiserbia.nb.rs\/Article.aspx?ID=1820-02142300039S"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2298\/csis220308039s","relation":{},"ISSN":["1820-0214","2406-1018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1820-0214","type":"print"},{"value":"2406-1018","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}