{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T20:01:20Z","timestamp":1761940880678,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7132,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. symb. log."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A reader coming anew to the recent work on languages which contain their own truth predicates may be perplexed by the simple question of where to begin. A first approach to the literature suggests a field which is alive and busy with investigations heading in many different directions, but there is much less indication of how various pieces fit together. There are at least two sources of this confusion. First, the literature is large and diffuse (as befits a subject which goes back over 2000 years); Visser's survey [33] aptly describes the literature as \u201cvast but scattered, repetitive, and disconnected.\u201d Moreover, recent interest in the field has led to a proliferation of research and publication; it seems that almost any issue of any philosophical logic journal from the mid-1980s contains some article on the topic. The second reason, in part a consequence of the first, is that while a typical article in print usually presents a good internal motivation, with clear reference to its immediate intellectual antecedents, its place in the broader picture may not be so easily discerned. The problem can be especially acute in presentations of axiomatic approaches, because decisions on certain basic questions can lie hidden in the formal and notational details which abound in any axiomatization.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In fact, though, the recent research on methods for handling self-referential truth can be seen as a body of work which is very well structured, one in which a few fundamental decisions suffice to locate any particular approach in its appropriate place on the landscape. My goal is to describe this structure and in particular to stress a few critical forks in the road, which will be the recurring metaphor throughout this paper. I will also pay particular attention to pointing out where the interesting technical and mathematical questions lie.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2307\/2275927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,6]],"date-time":"2006-05-06T22:52:43Z","timestamp":1146955963000},"page":"1032-1054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A guide to truth predicates in the modern era"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Sheard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2219063"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305492"},{"volume-title":"Elementary induction on abstract structures","year":"1974","author":"Moschovakis","key":"S0022481200019708_ref028"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref027","first-page":"153\u2013167","article-title":"Syntactic treatments of modality, with corollaries on reflection principles and finite axiomatizability","volume":"16","author":"Montague","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Philosophical Fennica"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00649483"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02379018"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref022","unstructured":"Martin D. 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Kripke [20], Gupta [12], Herzberger [15], this Journal, vol. 50 (1985), pp. 1068\u20131071."},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5938.001.0001","volume-title":"The revision theory of truth","author":"Gupta","year":"1993"},{"volume-title":"Recent essays on truth and the liar paradox","year":"1984","author":"Martin","key":"S0022481200019708_ref023"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/malq.19900360509"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1305\/ndjfl\/1093635929"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302338"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref004","first-page":"663\u2013681","volume":"51","author":"Burgess","year":"1986","journal-title":"The truth is never simple"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/malq.19890350202"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302339"},{"volume-title":"The Liar\u2014An essay on truth and circularity","year":"1987","author":"Barwise","key":"S0022481200019708_ref002"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0205033"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2024557"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref030","volume-title":"Intensional mathematics","volume":"113","author":"Shapiro","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0072(87)90073-X"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref007","first-page":"244\u2013259","volume":"55","author":"Cantini","year":"1990","journal-title":"A theory of formal truth arithmetically equivalent to I D1"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref033","first-page":"617\u2013706","volume-title":"Handbook of Philsophical Logic","author":"Visser","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00302340"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref011","first-page":"147\u2013153","volume-title":"Axiomatic Set Theory","volume":"XIII","author":"Gilmore","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref005","first-page":"390\u2013392","volume":"53","author":"Burgess","year":"1988","journal-title":"Addendum to \u201cThe truth is never simple\u201d"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref001","first-page":"67\u201398","volume-title":"To H. 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Curry: Essays on Combinatory Logic, Lambda Calculus,and Formalism","author":"Aczel","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref008","first-page":"244\u2013259","volume":"49","author":"Feferman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Toward useful type-free theories, I"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref019","first-page":"121\u2013144","volume-title":"Set theory and hierarchy theory","volume":"537","author":"Krajewski","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2024634"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref009","first-page":"1\u201349","volume":"56","author":"Feferman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reflecting on incompleteness"},{"key":"S0022481200019708_ref025","unstructured":"McGee V. , Truth, vagueness, and paradox: An essay on the logic of truth, Doctoral dissertation, Hackett Publishing Co., 1991."}],"container-title":["Journal of Symbolic Logic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022481200019708","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T20:30:13Z","timestamp":1627331413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022481200019708\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022481200019708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2275927","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4812","1943-5886"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-4812"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-5886"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}}}