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Thirty\u2010nine genera representing 24 tribes of the Scrophulariaceae s.l. (sensu lato) were analyzed along with representatives of 15 other families of Lamiales. The Scrophulariaceae s.s. (sensu stricto) include part or all of tribes Aptosimeae, Hemimerideae, Leucophylleae, Manuleae, Selagineae, and Verbasceae (= Scrophularieae) and the conventional families Buddlejaceae and Myoporaceae. Veronicaceae includes all or part of tribes Angelonieae, Antirrhineae, Cheloneae, Digitaleae, and Gratioleae and the conventional families Callitrichaceae, Globulariaceae, Hippuridaceae, and Plantaginaceae. The Orobanchaceae include tribes Buchnereae, Rhinantheae, and the conventional Orobanchaceae. All sampled members of Orobanchaceae are parasitic, except <jats:italic>Lindenbergia<\/jats:italic>, which is sister to the rest of the family. Family Calceolariaceae Olmstead is newly erected herein to recognize the phylogenetic distinctiveness of tribe Calceolarieae. The Calceolariaceae are close to the base of the Lamiales. The Stilbaceae are expanded by the inclusion of <jats:italic>Halleria. Mimulus<\/jats:italic> does not belong in any of these five groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2307\/2657024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T17:41:00Z","timestamp":1170438060000},"page":"348-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":432,"title":["Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Olmstead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude W.","family":"de Pamphilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea D.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelson D.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne J.","family":"Elisons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2992015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2996628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3391410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Criteri per una nuova classificazione delle Personatae (Scrophulariaceae et Rhinanthaceae)","volume":"6","author":"Bellini R.","year":"1907","journal-title":"Annali di Botanica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Scrophulariaceae","volume":"10","author":"Bentham G.","year":"1846","journal-title":"Prodromus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"913","volume-title":"Genera plantarum","author":"Bentham G.","year":"1876"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"The morphological continuity of Scrophulariaceae and Orobanchaceae","volume":"5","author":"Boeshore I.","year":"1920","journal-title":"Contributions of the Botanical Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00986194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2419240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"On the systematic position of Lindenbergia, Lehmann","volume":"2","author":"Br\u00fchl P.","year":"1920","journal-title":"Journal of the Department of Science, University of Calcutta"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/42.3.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/46.2.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5642\/aliso.19861103.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2399846"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"An integrated system of classification of flowering plants","author":"Cronquist A.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"814","article-title":"Sampling properties of DNA sequence data in phylogenetic analysis","volume":"12","author":"Cummings M. 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