{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T23:27:16Z","timestamp":1699313236828},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18729,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. symb. log."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1962,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a distinction within the natural language between those singular terms which designate and those which do not. On the basis of this distinction there arise irregularities both in the assignment to expressions of semantical properties and relations and in the presumed attribution of existence to individuals. Although such irregularities are characteristic of the employment of singular terms, they are not reproduced either for or within the usual formalized languages. Accordingly, we construct a formalized language for which the mentioned irregularities <jats:italic>are<\/jats:italic> reproduced \u2014 hence, a language which in this respect mirrors more faithfully than is customary the structure of the natural language.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2307\/2964552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,6]],"date-time":"2006-05-06T20:19:43Z","timestamp":1146946783000},"page":"439-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The semantics of singular terms"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gordon","family":"Matheson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02286344"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref027","volume-title":"Principia mathematica","volume":"I","author":"Whitehead","year":"1910"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203221303"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref026","volume-title":"semantics, metamathematics","author":"Tarski","year":"1956"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref021","volume-title":"Introduction to mathematical philosophy","author":"Russell","year":"1919"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref019","volume-title":"From a logical point of view","author":"Quine","year":"1953"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref018","volume-title":"Methods of logic","author":"Quine","year":"1950"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref016","volume-title":"Truth and denotation","author":"Martin","year":"1958"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221764"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2182169"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref022","volume-title":"My philosophical development","author":"Russell","year":"1959"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref024","volume-title":"Introduction to logical theory","author":"Strawson","year":"1952"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02333166"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref008","volume-title":"Introduction to mathematical logic","author":"Church","year":"1956"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref010","volume-title":"Translations from the philosophical writings","author":"Frege","year":"1952"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref020","volume-title":"Word and object","author":"Quine","year":"1960"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new approach to semantics, Part I","volume":"21","author":"Kemeny","year":"1956","journal-title":"this Journal"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02350366"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref007","volume-title":"The calculi of lambda-conversion","author":"Church","year":"1941"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/287679"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref005","volume-title":"Introduction to symbolic logic and its applications","author":"Carnap","year":"1958"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref009","volume-title":"Essays in conceptual analysis","author":"Flew","year":"1956"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref001","volume-title":"Introduction to semantics","author":"Carnap","year":"1946"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref002","volume-title":"Meaning and necessity","author":"Carnap","year":"1947"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref015","volume-title":"An analysis of knowledge and valuation","author":"Lewis","year":"1946"},{"key":"S0022481200118316_ref006","unstructured":"Carnap Rudolf , Notes on semantics (U.C.L.A., Phil. 261, Spring Semester 1955). 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