{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:55:42Z","timestamp":1776419742365,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"JSTOR","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,1]],"date-time":"1999-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":928195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Administrative Science Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a model of team learning and tests it in a multimethod field study. It introduces the construct of team psychological safety\u2014a shared belief held by members of a team that the team is safe for interpersonal risk taking\u2014and models the effects of team psychological safety and team efficacy together on learning and performance in organizational work teams. Results of a study of 51 work teams in a manufacturing company, measuring antecedent, process, and outcome variables, show that team psychological safety is associated with learning behavior, but team efficacy is not, when controlling for team psychological safety. As predicted, learning behavior mediates between team psychological safety and team performance. The results support an integrative perspective in which both team structures, such as context support and team leader coaching, and shared beliefs shape team outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2307\/2666999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,18]],"date-time":"2006-04-18T19:20:57Z","timestamp":1145388057000},"page":"350-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7919,"title":["Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams"],"prefix":"10.2307","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Amy","family":"Edmondson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University"}]}],"member":"1121","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2666999","first-page":"190","volume-title":"Handbook of Organizational Behavior","author":"Alderfer Clayton P.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr2-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033708"},{"key":"bibr3-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2393475"},{"key":"bibr4-2666999","volume-title":"Groups at Work: Advances in Theory and Research","author":"Argote Linda","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr5-2666999","volume-title":"Reasoning, Learning and Action: Individual and Organizational","author":"Argyris Chris","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr6-2666999","volume-title":"Knowledge for Action: A Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Organizational Change","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr7-2666999","volume-title":"Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective","author":"Argyris Chris","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr8-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256442"},{"key":"bibr9-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.37.2.122"},{"key":"bibr10-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"bibr11-2666999","first-page":"23","volume-title":"The Legacy of Solomon Asch: Essays in Cognition and Social Psychology","author":"Brown Roger","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr12-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046016"},{"key":"bibr13-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1993.tb01571.x"},{"key":"bibr14-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872679404700102"},{"key":"bibr15-2666999","volume-title":"Human Nature and Conduct","author":"Dewey John","year":"1922"},{"key":"bibr16-2666999","volume-title":"Logic: The Theory of Inquiry","year":"1938"},{"key":"bibr17-2666999","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior","volume":"15","author":"Dutton Jane","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr18-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886396321001"},{"key":"bibr19-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1350507698291001"},{"key":"bibr20-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/257089"},{"key":"bibr21-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1955.11023008"},{"key":"bibr22-2666999","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Theories of Group Process","author":"Golembiewski Robert T.","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr23-2666999","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Designing Effective Work Groups","author":"Goodman Paul","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr24-2666999","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior","volume":"9","author":"Goodman Paul","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr25-2666999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00987.x"},{"key":"bibr26-2666999","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Handbook of Organizational Behavior","author":"Hackman","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr27-2666999","volume-title":"Groups that Work (and Those That Don't)","author":"Hackman J. 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