{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T13:37:04Z","timestamp":1776173824859,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Accounting Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There has been much discussion in the academic literature and in the XBRL community on the role of audit firms in providing assurance services for XBRL filings, especially now that the use of XBRL has been mandated in the United States. This paper presents the development of a framework of the demand for external assurance of XBRL filings predicated on two relative cost arguments. First, that in the absence of a mandate for XBRL filings to be assured by an external auditor, a manager will compare the cost of obtaining external assurance against the cost of obtaining confidence on the filings internally. Second, managers will be reluctant to pay more for external assurance on an XBRL filing than they paid to prepare it. The former is called the external cost relative to internal cost comparison, and the latter the external cost relative to preparation cost comparison. Based on our relative cost framework, it is predicted that there will only be a role for externally provided assurance of XBRL filings if the cost of that assurance can be either reduced or appear less significant to clients. The former outcome can be brought about by shifting assurance from the XBRL filings themselves to assurance of the preparer through a SSAE No. 16\/SAS No. 70 report, thereby converting the cost of XBRL assurance from a variable cost to a fixed cost that is spread among many filers. External auditors can also attempt to make the cost of XBRL assurance less salient to managers by folding that cost into their total audit fees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2308\/isys-10248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,2]],"date-time":"2012-02-02T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1328216009000},"page":"103-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Relative Cost Framework of Demand for External Assurance of XBRL Filings"],"prefix":"10.2308","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Alles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen L.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University, Northridge"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1112","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-AmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsAICPA1","unstructured":"American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).2002 .  Third-Party Assurance and Considerations Regarding XBRL Instance Documents of Audited Financial Statements . Discussion Document . December . New York, NY : AICPA ."},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-AmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsAICPA2","unstructured":"American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) . 2011 .  Proposed XBRL Principles and Criteria for XBRL-Formatted Information . Exposure Draft . June . New York, NY : AICPA ."},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Bartley1","article-title":"Avoiding common errors of XBRL implementation","author":"Bartley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Accountancy"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Boritz1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A36","DOI":"10.2308\/ciia.2008.2.2.A36","article-title":"The SEC's XBRL voluntary filing program on EDGAR: A case for quality assurance","volume":"2","author":"Boritz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Issues in Auditing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Boritz2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2308\/jis.2009.23.2.49","article-title":"Assurance on XBRL-related documents: The case of United Technologies Corporation","volume":"23","author":"Boritz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Boritz3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boritz, J.,  and W. No. \n          2011 .  Computer-Assisted Functions for Auditing XBRL-Related Documents . Working paper , Iowa State University .","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2534540"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Carlino1","article-title":"FEI survey: Little change in audit fees, hours","volume":"June 9)","author":"Carlino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accounting Today"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-CenterforAuditQualityCAQ1","unstructured":"Center for Audit Quality (CAQ) . 2009 .  Potential Audit Firm Service Implications Raised by the SEC Final Rule on XBRL . CAQ Alert #2009-55. June 1 .  Available at: http:\/\/www.thecaq.org\/members\/alerts\/CAQAlert2009_55_06012009.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Debreceny1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccpubpol.2010.04.001","article-title":"Does it add up? Early evidence on the data quality of XBRL filings to the SEC","volume":"29","author":"Debreceny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Niemi1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00014788.2012.653742","article-title":"Drivers of voluntary audit in Finland: To audit or not to audit?","volume":"42","author":"Niemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accounting and Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Plumlee1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2308\/acch.2008.22.3.353","article-title":"Assurance on XBRL for financial reporting. Accounting","volume":"22","author":"Plumlee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accounting Horizons"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-PublicCompanyAccountingOversightBoardPCAOB1","unstructured":"Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) . 2005 .  Attest Engagements Regarding XBRL Financial Information Furnished under the XBRL Voluntary Financial Reporting Program on the EDGAR System . May 25 .  Available at: www.pcaob.org\/Standards\/QandA\/05-25-2005.pdf"},{"issue":"September","key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Rao1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1086\/209162","article-title":"The moderating effect of prior knowledge on cue utilization in product evaluations","volume":"15","author":"Rao","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"32","key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Scitovszky1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Some consequences of the habit of judging quality by price","volume":"12","author":"Scitovszky","year":"1945","journal-title":"The Review of Economic Studies"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionSEC1","unstructured":"Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) . 2009 . Interactive data to improve financial reporting . Available at: http:\/\/www.sec.gov\/rules\/final\/2009\/33-9002.pdf"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Srivastava1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accinf.2010.07.019","article-title":"Assurance on XBRL instance document: A conceptual model of assertions","volume":"11","author":"Srivastava","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Accounting Information Systems"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Trites1","article-title":"Audit & Control Implications of XBRL","author":"Trites","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA)"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Trites2","article-title":"Interactive Data: The Impact on Assurance","author":"Trites","year":"2006","journal-title":"Assurance Working Group of XBRL International"},{"key":"2024082915370314700_i1558-7959-26-1-103-Wallace1","unstructured":"Wallace, W. \n          \n          1980 .  The Economic Role of the Audit in Free and Regulated Markets . New York, NY : Touche Ross, Aid to Education Program ."}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aaahq.org\/jis\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/103\/11230\/isys-10248.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aaahq.org\/jis\/article-pdf\/26\/1\/103\/11230\/isys-10248.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1724952251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aaahq.org\/jis\/article\/26\/1\/103\/1528\/A-Relative-Cost-Framework-of-Demand-for-External"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/isys-10248","relation":{},"ISSN":["0888-7985","1558-7959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0888-7985","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-7959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}}}