{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T22:54:58Z","timestamp":1775343298766,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Accounting Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Compustat is frequently used for both research and decision making. It has been documented that information found in the Compustat database differs from both the information found in other accounting databases and the information disclosed in corporate financial filings (San Miguel 1977; Rosenberg and Houglet 1974; Yang, Vasarhelyi, and Liu 2003; Tallapally, Luehlfing, and Motha 2011, 2012; Boritz and No 2013). In this study, we conduct the first large-scale comparison of Compustat and 10-K data. Specifically, we compare 30 accounting line items of approximately 5,000 companies for the period from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012. We find that the values reported in Compustat significantly differ from the values reported in 10-K filings. We also find that the amount and magnitude of the original data alterations introduced by Compustat depend on the type of the accounting item and company characteristics, such as industry and size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2308\/isys-50922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T21:38:44Z","timestamp":1411594724000},"page":"37-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Using XBRL to Conduct a Large-Scale Study of Discrepancies between the Accounting Numbers in Compustat and SEC 10-K Filings"],"prefix":"10.2308","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Roman","family":"Chychyla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1112","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Basili1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1987.232881","article-title":"Comparing the effectiveness of software testing strategies","author":"Basili","year":"1987","journal-title":"Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on SE-13"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Beedles1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1978.tb03405.x","article-title":"A note on skewness and data errors","volume":"33","author":"Beedles","year":"1978","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Bennin1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1980.tb02210.x","article-title":"Error rates in CRSP and Compustat: A second look","volume":"35","author":"Bennin","year":"1980","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"issue":"8476","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Bland1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"327","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Boritz1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A36","DOI":"10.2308\/ciia.2008.2.2.A36","article-title":"The SEC's XBRL voluntary filing program on EDGAR: A case for quality assurance","volume":"2","author":"Boritz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Issues in Auditing"},{"key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Boritz2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boritz, J. E., and W. G. No. \n          2013. The Quality of Interactive Data: XBRL versus Compustat, Yahoo Finance, and Google Finance. Available at: http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2253638","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2253638"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Collins1","first-page":"228","article-title":"An examination of the association between accounting and share price data in the extractive petroleum industry: A comment and extension","volume":"53","author":"Collins","year":"1978","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Debreceny1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2308\/acch-50068","article-title":"Flex or break? Extensions in XBRL disclosures to the SEC","volume":"25","author":"Debreceny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accounting Horizons"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Du1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2308\/isys-50399","article-title":"XBRL mandate: Thousands of filing errors and so what?","volume":"27","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Information Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Eskew1","first-page":"316","article-title":"An examination of the association between accounting and share price data in the extractive petroleum industry","volume":"50","author":"Eskew","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Fama1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-405X(96)00896-3","article-title":"Industry costs of equity","volume":"43","author":"Fama","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Freeman1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4101(92)90004-L","article-title":"An earnings prediction approach to examining intercompany information transfers","volume":"15","author":"Freeman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting & Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Guenther1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4101(94)90021-3","article-title":"Differences between Compustat and CRSP SIC codes and related effects on research","volume":"18","author":"Guenther","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting & Economics"},{"key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Hoffman1","unstructured":"Hoffman, C. \n          \n          2013. Analysis of SEC XBRL Financial Filings. Available at: http:\/\/www.xbrlsite.com\/2013\/Library\/AnalysisOfSECXBRLFilings-2013-07-03.pdf"},{"key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineersIEEE1","unstructured":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 2008. IEEE Standard for Software Reviews and Audits. Available at: http:\/\/dis.unal.edu.co\/\u223cicasta\/ggs\/Documentos\/Normas\/1028-2008.pdf"},{"key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Jaccard1","first-page":"547","article-title":"E' tude comparative de la distribution florale dans une portion des alpes et des jura","volume":"37","author":"Jaccard","year":"1901","journal-title":"Bulletin del la Soci'et'e Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Kahle1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2307\/2331394","article-title":"The impact of industry classifications on financial research","volume":"31","author":"Kahle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Kern1","article-title":"Differences in the Compustat and expanded value line databases and the potential impact on empirical research","volume":"69","author":"Kern","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Kinney1","first-page":"121","article-title":"The accuracy and adequacy of tax data in Compustat","volume":"15","author":"Kinney","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Taxation Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Klein1","article-title":"Data quality in linear regression models: Effect of errors in test data and errors in training data on predictive accuracy","volume":"2","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Informing Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-McEnally1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1974.tb00035.x","article-title":"A note on the return behavior of high-risk common stocks","volume":"29","author":"McEnally","year":"1974","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Myers1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1145\/359588.359602","article-title":"A controlled experiment in program testing and code walkthroughs\/inspections","volume":"21","author":"Myers","year":"1978","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Rosenberg1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03107.x","article-title":"Error rates in CRSP and Compustat databases and their implications","volume":"29","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1974","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-SanMiguel1","article-title":"The reliability of R&D data in Compustat and 10-K reports","volume":"52","author":"San Miguel","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Stone1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2469\/faj.v24.n1.149","article-title":"Caveats in computer-aided financial analysis","volume":"24","author":"Stone","year":"1968","journal-title":"Financial Analysts Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Tallapally1","first-page":"39","article-title":"The partnership of EDGAR Online and XBRL: Should Compustat care?","volume":"15","author":"Tallapally","year":"2011","journal-title":"Review of Business Information Systems"},{"key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Tallapally2","unstructured":"Tallapally, P., \n            \n              M. S. Luehlfing, and M. Motha. \n          2012. Data Differences\u2014XBRL versus Compustat. Available at: http:\/\/www.aabri.com\/manuscripts\/11798.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Thies1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Capital expenditures data for inflation accounting studies","volume":"52","author":"Thies","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024082915302634200_i1558-7959-29-1-37-Yang1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570310465689","article-title":"A note on the using of accounting databases","volume":"103","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aaahq.org\/jis\/article-pdf\/29\/1\/37\/8570\/isys-50922.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aaahq.org\/jis\/article-pdf\/29\/1\/37\/8570\/isys-50922.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T17:05:46Z","timestamp":1724951146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aaahq.org\/jis\/article\/29\/1\/37\/1076\/Using-XBRL-to-Conduct-a-Large-Scale-Study-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/isys-50922","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-7959","0888-7985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-7959","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0888-7985","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]}}}