{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:11:38Z","timestamp":1777554698386,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>The low concentration of propylene glycol (PG) in pimecrolimus cream makes it unlikely that the cream will induce a PG-related irritant or allergic contact dermatitis.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>To assess reactions to pimecrolimus cream in patients who are allergic to PG.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>A pilot double-blind within-patient study in 20 patients, with patch testing followed by a repeated open application test (ROAT). Limitations were that patch tests and ROATs were performed on normal skin, which may be less likely to develop an allergic response than would areas of active dermatitis.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        Positive PG patch-test results were confirmed in 16 patients. Patch-test scores were compatible with allergic reactions in only two patients. However, ROAT scores were negative for these two patients. Reactions with pimecrolimus or vehicle during ROAT were identified in three patients, but an allergic reaction was uncertain because none of these patients reacted with both pimecrolimus cream and vehicle. Reactions with pimecrolimus were significantly less frequent (\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                        &lt; .01) and less severe (\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                        = .02) than with PG.\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>In patients allergic to PG, pimecrolimus cream showed a very low potential to elicit allergic skin reactions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2007.06028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]],"date-time":"2008-02-14T16:59:29Z","timestamp":1203008369000},"page":"134-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Skin Reactions to Pimecrolimus Cream 1% in Patients Allergic to Propylene Glycol: A Double-Blind Randomized Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY; Dermatology Specialists Research, Louisville, KY; the University of Louisville, Department of Bioinformatics &amp; Biostatistics, Louisville, KY; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY; Dermatology Specialists Research, Louisville, KY; the University of Louisville, Department of Bioinformatics &amp; Biostatistics, Louisville, KY; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenz J.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY; Dermatology Specialists Research, Louisville, KY; the University of Louisville, Department of Bioinformatics &amp; Biostatistics, Louisville, KY; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Thorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY; Dermatology Specialists Research, Louisville, KY; the University of Louisville, Department of Bioinformatics &amp; Biostatistics, Louisville, KY; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Parneix-Spake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY; Dermatology Specialists Research, Louisville, KY; the University of Louisville, Department of Bioinformatics &amp; Biostatistics, Louisville, KY; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-199303000-00007","article-title":"Contact allergy to propylene glycol in topical corticosteroids","volume":"4","author":"Fowler JF","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fowler JF. Contact allergy to propylene glycol in topical corticosteroids. Am J Contact Dermat, 1993; 4:37-8.","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00047.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to propylene glycol","volume":"54","author":"Gonzalo MA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gonzalo MA, , De Argila D, , Garcia JM, , Alvadar MI. Allergic contact dermatitis to propylene glycol. Allergy, 1999; 54:82-3.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04180.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10915819409141005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1952.118","article-title":"Studies of skin reaction of propylene glycol","volume":"19","author":"Warshaw TG","year":"1952","unstructured":"Warshaw TG, , Hermann F. Studies of skin reaction of propylene glycol. J Invest Dermatol, 1952; 19:423-30.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05336.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Propylene glycol dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Fisher AA","year":"1978","unstructured":"Fisher AA. Propylene glycol dermatitis. Cutis, 1978; 21:166-78.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01995.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70080-5","volume":"6","author":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group and Food Drug Administration: Prospective study of cosmetic reactions","year":"1982","unstructured":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group and Food Drug Administration: Prospective study of cosmetic reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1982; 6:909-17.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04042.x","article-title":"Contact allergy from propylene glycol","volume":"7","author":"Angelini G","year":"1981","unstructured":"Angelini G, , Meneghini CL. Contact allergy from propylene glycol. Contact Dermatitis, 1981; 7:197-8.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.122187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.1.e2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in children","volume":"110","author":"Wahn U","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wahn U, , Bos JD, , Goodfield M, et al. Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in children. Pediatrics, 2002; 110:e2.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000065863","article-title":"Pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in adults: a six-month study","volume":"205","author":"Meurer M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meurer M, , Folster-Holst R, , Wozel G, et al. Pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in adults: a six-month study. Dermatology, 2002; 205:271-7.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.126500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sder.2001.29066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Elidel\u00ae (pimecrolimus) cream 1% full prescribing information. Novartis Pharmaceuticals East Hanover NJ. 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