{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:15:34Z","timestamp":1792088134282,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Chemicals used in leather tanning, rubber processing, and\/or adhesives are the most often-cited culprits in footwear dermatitis. Patch testing patients with suspected shoe dermatitis is essential for diagnosis and management.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>The four goals for this study were to (1) determine the frequency of allergens associated with a shoe source in North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patients with footwear allergic contact dermatitis; (2) compare these results to allergen frequencies from other published studies; (3) quantify the number of shoe-related reactions that were not identified with the NACDG standard series; and (4) identify relevant allergens not included on the NACDG standard series, based on data from other published studies.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>The NACDG patch-tested 10,061 patients between 2001 and 2004. Data were retrospectively analyzed by (1) allergen source coded as \u201cshoe,\u201d (2) site of dermatitis as \u201cfeet,\u201d and (3) diagnosis of \u201callergic contact dermatitis.\u201d<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Among the 109 NACDG patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) of the foot and a shoe source of allergens, ptertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin, an adhesive, was the most common allergen, accounting for 24.7% of positive patch-test results, followed by potassium dichromate (17.5%) and carba mix (11.7%). When the data were examined according to groups of allergens, rubber chemicals (40.4%) were the most frequent allergens, followed by adhesives (32.5%), and leather components (20.1%). When data from published studies were pooled, potassium dichromate (31.5%) was the most frequent allergen, followed by p-tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin (17.1%) and cobalt chloride (12.9%). NACDG patients were statistically more likely to have positive patch-test reactions to p-tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin and statistically less likely to have a positive patch-test reaction to potassium dichromate than patients represented in pooled data from past studies. Nineteen (17.4%) of the 109 NACDG patients with ACD of the foot and a shoe source of allergens were identified as having a shoe source of a relevant allergen not included in the NACDG standard series.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>In NACDG patients, the most common individual shoe allergen was p-tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin. As a group, rubber chemicals were most common, a finding consistent with those of other studies.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2007.06047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]],"date-time":"2008-02-14T16:59:41Z","timestamp":1203008381000},"page":"191-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Shoe Allergens: Retrospective Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 2001-2004"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Warshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Schram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald V.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"DeLeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"James G.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby C.G.","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie D.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Rietschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Sasseville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances J.","family":"Storrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Zug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.124697"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03428.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05941.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis in children: 6 years experience (1992-1997)","volume":"39","author":"Romaguera C","year":"1998","unstructured":"Romaguera C, , Vilaplana J. Contact dermatitis in children: 6 years experience (1992-1997). Contact Dermatitis, 1998; 39:277-80.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-31301-X_38","volume-title":"Contact dermatitis","author":"Taylor JS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taylor JS, , Erkek E, , Podmore P. Shoes. In: Frosch PJ, , Menn\u00e9 T, , Lepoittevin JP, editors. Contact dermatitis. 4th ed. Berlin: Springer; 2006. p. 703-16."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"705","article-title":"Primary irritants and sensitizers used in fabrication of footwear","volume":"17","author":"Gaul LE","year":"1949","unstructured":"Gaul LE, , Underwood GB. Primary irritants and sensitizers used in fabrication of footwear. Arch Dermatol, 1949; 17:705-13.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12162.x","article-title":"Shoe dermatitis","volume":"78","author":"Cronin E.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cronin E. Shoe dermatitis. Br J Dermatol, 1966; 78:617-25.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00631.x","article-title":"10 years' experience of patch testing with a shoe series in 230 patients: which allergens are important?","volume":"53","author":"Holden CR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holden CR, , Gawkrodger DJ. 10 years' experience of patch testing with a shoe series in 230 patients: which allergens are important?. Contact Dermatitis, 2005; 53:37-9.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00692.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00211.x","article-title":"Shoe dermatitis","volume":"36","author":"Freeman S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Freeman S. Shoe dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 1997; 36:247-51.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04273.x","article-title":"Patch test results with a shoewear screening tray in 119 patients, 1977-80","volume":"8","author":"Lynde CW","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lynde CW, , Warshawski L, , Mitchell JC. Patch test results with a shoewear screening tray in 119 patients, 1977-80. Contact Dermatitis, 1982; 8:423-5.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"Rietschel RL Fowler JFJr. Textile and shoe dermatitis. In: Rietschel RL Fowler JF Jr editors. Fisher's contact dermatitis 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 305-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05707.x","article-title":"Foot dermatitis in children: causative allergens and follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Cockayne SE","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cockayne SE, , Shah M, , Messenger AG, , Gawkrodger DJ. Foot dermatitis in children: causative allergens and follow-up. Contact Dermatitis, 1998; 38:203-6.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1980.tb04931.x","article-title":"Shoe contact dermatitis","volume":"6","author":"Angelini G","year":"1980","unstructured":"Angelini G, , Vena GA, , Meneghini CL. Shoe contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 1980; 6:279-83.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Studies in contact dermatitis IX","volume":"43","author":"Calnan CD","year":"1959","unstructured":"Calnan CD, , Sarkany I. Studies in contact dermatitis IX. Shoe dermatitis. Trans St Johns Hosp Derm Soc, 1959; 43:8-26.","journal-title":"Shoe dermatitis. Trans St Johns Hosp Derm Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Contact dermatitis of the feet","volume":"34","author":"Correia S","year":"1986","unstructured":"Correia S, , Brandao FM. Contact dermatitis of the feet. Derm Beruf Umwelt, 1986; 34:102-6.","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1987.tb02296.x","article-title":"Shoe contact dermatitis","volume":"26","author":"Romaguera C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Romaguera C. Shoe contact dermatitis. Int J Dermatol, 1987; 26: 532-5.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1159\/000251526","article-title":"Shoe dermatitis in Greece","volume":"149","author":"Varelzides A","year":"1974","unstructured":"Varelzides A, , Katsambas A, , Georgala S, , Capetanakis J. Shoe dermatitis in Greece. Dermatologica, 1974; 149:236-9.","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Shoe contact dermatitis in Israel","volume":"14","author":"Trattner A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Trattner A, , Farchi Y, , David M. Shoe contact dermatitis in Israel. Am J Contact Dermat, 2003; 14:12-4.","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01717.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02208.x","article-title":"Foot dermatitis from the shoes","volume":"43","author":"Onder M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Onder M, , Atahan AC, , Bassoy B. Foot dermatitis from the shoes. Int J Dermatol, 2004; 43:565-7.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02955.x","article-title":"Shoe dermatitis in India","volume":"19","author":"Bajaj AK","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bajaj AK, , Gupta SC, , Chatterjee AK, , Singh KG. Shoe dermatitis in India. Contact Dermatitis, 1988; 19:372-5.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.0483g.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis of the hands and\/or feet\u2014common sensitizers","volume":"52","author":"Vani G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vani G, , Rao AG, , Gowri V, , Lakshmi TS. Allergic contact dermatitis of the hands and\/or feet\u2014common sensitizers. Contact Dermatitis, 2005; 52:50-2.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1159\/000077840","article-title":"Type IV hypersensitivity from rubber chemicals: a 15-year experience in Taiwan","volume":"208","author":"Chen HH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen HH, , Sun CC, , Tseng MP. Type IV hypersensitivity from rubber chemicals: a 15-year experience in Taiwan. Dermatology, 2004; 208:319-25.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1969.03160230021005","article-title":"Shoe contact dermatitis","volume":"209","author":"Epstein E.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Epstein E. Shoe contact dermatitis. JAMA, 1969; 209:1487-92.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"871","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from footwear","volume":"58","author":"Dahl MV.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Dahl MV. Allergic contact dermatitis from footwear. Shoe dermatitis in 42 patients. Minn Med, 1975; 58:871-4.","journal-title":"Shoe dermatitis in 42 patients. Minn Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/01634989-200306000-00010","article-title":"Common shoe allergens undetected by commercial patch-testing kits: dithiodimorpholine and isocyanates","volume":"14","author":"Belsito DV.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Belsito DV. Common shoe allergens undetected by commercial patch-testing kits: dithiodimorpholine and isocyanates. Am J Contact Dermat, 2003; 14:95-6.","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2004.03039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","first-page":"176","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001-2002 study period [published erratum appears in Dermatitis 2005 Jun;16(2): 106]","volume":"15","author":"Pratt MD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pratt MD, , Belsito DV, , DeLeo VA, et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001-2002 study period [published erratum appears in Dermatitis 2005 Jun;16(2): 106]. Dermatitis, 2004; 15:176-83.","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"p-tert-Butylphenol formaldehyde and other cause of shoe dermatitis","volume":"31","author":"Malten KE","year":"1983","unstructured":"Malten KE, , Rath R, , Pastors PH. p-tert-Butylphenol formaldehyde and other cause of shoe dermatitis. Derm Beruf Umwelt, 1983; 31: 149-53.","journal-title":"Derm Beruf Umwelt"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podmore P. Shoes. In: Rycroft RJG Menn\u00e9 T Frosch PJ editors. Textbook of contact dermatitis. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1995. p. 516-26.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03104-9_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00802.x","article-title":"Cr(III) reactivity and foot dermatitis in Cr(VI) positive patients","volume":"54","author":"Hansen MB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hansen MB, , Menn\u00e9 T, , Johansen JD. Cr(III) reactivity and foot dermatitis in Cr(VI) positive patients. Contact Dermatitis, 2006; 54: 140-4.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/derm.1.2004.2035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Sensitization to disperse dyes in a patch test population over a five-year period","volume":"13","author":"Seidenari S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seidenari S, , Giusti F, , Massone F, , Mantovani L. Sensitization to disperse dyes in a patch test population over a five-year period. Am J Contact Dermat, 2002; 13:101-7.","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.00049.x","article-title":"High frequency of simultaneous sensitivity to disperse orange 3 in patients with positive patch tests to para-phenylenediamine","volume":"48","author":"Goon AT-J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goon AT-J, , Gilmour NJ, , Basketter DA, et al. High frequency of simultaneous sensitivity to disperse orange 3 in patients with positive patch tests to para-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis, 2003; 48:248-50.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1972.11713294","article-title":"Clothing and shoe dermatitis","volume":"52","author":"Jordan WP.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Jordan WP. Clothing and shoe dermatitis. Postgrad Med, 1972; 52: 143-8.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","unstructured":"Larsen WG Adams RM Maibach HI. Color text of contact dermatitis. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1992. p. 168-9."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","unstructured":"Storrs FJ. Shoe contact dermatitis. 2004. Available at: http:\/\/www.contactderm.org\/members\/FootDermatitis.pdf (accessed June8 2006)."}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2310\/6620.2007.06047","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.2310\/6620.2007.06047","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2310\/6620.2007.06047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:06:34Z","timestamp":1777399594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.2310\/6620.2007.06047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2310\/6620.2007.06047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2310\/6620.2007.06047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}}}