{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:10:06Z","timestamp":1777723806145,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Serum autoantibodies to the glycolytic enzyme enolase have been reported in a diverse range of inflammatory, degenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Diseases in which these antibodies have been reported in high incidence include autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (80%, 35 of 44), primary (69%, 60 of 87), and secondary (58%, 14 of 24) membranous nephropathy, cancer-associated retinopathy (68.8%, 11 of 16), autoimmune hepatitis type 1 (60%, 12 of 20), mixed cryoglobulinemia with renal involvement (63.6%, seven of 11), cystoid macular edema (60%, six of 10), and endometriosis (50%, 21 of 41). In autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 patients, all had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with demonstrated antibody reactivity to candida enolase, which is suggestive of cross reactivity or epitope mimicry. Formation of autoantibodies to enolase may be a normal process, with reported incidence in apparently healthy subjects ranging from 0% (zero of 91) to 11.7% (seven of 60). Nonetheless, we suggest that excessive production of these autoantibodies, which are generated as a consequence of uptake of enolase by antigen-presenting cells and subsequent B cell activation, can potentially initiate tissue injury as a result of immune complex deposition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2001.34040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,13]],"date-time":"2007-08-13T15:52:31Z","timestamp":1187020351000},"page":"138-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Disease Association, Origin, and Clinical Relevance of Autoantibodies to the Glycolytic Enzyme Enolase"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Veronika M.","family":"Gitlits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Victoria 3181, 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