{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:47:37Z","timestamp":1782146857686,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Child Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyclic vomiting syndrome, which is characterized by severe discrete episodes of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy, is a fairly common, disabling, predominately childhood condition. Approximately 25% of cases have coexisting neuromuscular disease manifestations (cyclic vomiting syndrome plus). To determine whether patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome and neuromuscular disease represent a distinct subentity within cyclic vomiting syndrome, a clinical interview was conducted regarding 80 randomly ascertained sufferers of cyclic vomiting syndrome from a disease association database. Cyclic vomiting syndrome plus and \u201ccyclic vomiting syndrome minus,\u201d herein defined as the presence of at least two and zero neuromuscular disease manifestations, were present in 23 and 44 subjects, respectively. Neuromuscular disease manifestations, including cognitive disorders, skeletal myopathy, cranial nerve dysfunction, and seizure disorders, were found to statistically cluster together among the same subjects. In addition, subjects with cyclic vomiting syndrome with neuromuscular disease had an earlier age at onset for vomiting episodes and a three- to eightfold statistically increased prevalence for certain dysautonomia-related (migraine, chronic fatigue, neurovascular dystrophy) and constitutional (growth retardation and birth defects) disorders. However, subjects with cyclic vomiting syndrome with and without neuromuscular disease were equally likely to have a sibling affected with neuromuscular disease manifestations. We conclude that cyclic vomiting syndrome plus, although likely not genetically distinct from cyclic vomiting syndrome minus, represents a distinct phenotypic entity that predicts an earlier onset of disease and increased comorbidity with a distinct list of medical conditions, possibly owing to a higher degree of mitochondrial dysfunction. ( J Child Neurol 2006;21:182\u2014188; DOI 10.2310\/7010.2006.00040).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2310\/7010.2006.00040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T11:07:15Z","timestamp":1604574435000},"page":"182-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Plus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Boles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Saban Research Institute Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Pediatrics University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.R.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Association USA\/Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"atypb1","first-page":"S6","volume":"21","author":"Li Buk","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199501001-00003"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.583"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70242-8"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199501001-00012"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"74S","volume":"44","author":"Rashed H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70135-6"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20126"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30524"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62477-4"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"103S","volume":"44","author":"Boles RG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318810"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-7249(01)00028-9"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30323"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Shoffner JM, Wallace DC: Oxidative phosphorylation diseases, in Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D (eds): The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, 7th ed. 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