{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:12:58Z","timestamp":1790705578168,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) commonly occurs in Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI and can have a considerable impact on quality of life. The majority of cases will improve spontaneously, but this can take months or even years to resolve and in some cases can be permanent. Treatment maybe prolonged, lasting 6 to 12 months or longer for adequate restoration of normal pigmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the etiology, pathogenesis, and current therapy options for patients with PIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review is the outcome of a workshop that discussed literature reports of research and developments in the treatment of PIH and associated disease and current clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combination products containing hydroquinone and retinoids appear to be the most beneficial treatment options, although there are few evidence-based studies for PIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More randomized controlled clinical studies in large numbers of PIH patients are needed to provide standardized measurable outcomes in this indication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2009.08077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T15:01:24Z","timestamp":1426086084000},"page":"183-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, and the Skin of Color Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; The Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, and Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Skin and Laser Clinic, Singapore; Kangnam Wootaeha Skin Clinic, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pearl","family":"Grimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, and the Skin of Color Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; The Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, and Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Skin and Laser Clinic, Singapore; Kangnam Wootaeha Skin Clinic, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, and the Skin of Color Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; The Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, and Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Skin and Laser Clinic, Singapore; Kangnam Wootaeha Skin Clinic, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungbin","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, and the Skin of Color Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; The Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, and Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Skin and Laser Clinic, Singapore; Kangnam Wootaeha Skin Clinic, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, and the Skin of Color Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; The Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, and Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Skin and Laser Clinic, Singapore; Kangnam Wootaeha Skin Clinic, Seoul, Korea; and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-7750.2009.08077","first-page":"1561","volume-title":"Textbook of dermatology","author":"Bleehen SS","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr2-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.274"},{"key":"bibr3-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1965.160"},{"key":"bibr4-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70060-5"},{"key":"bibr5-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000248449"},{"key":"bibr6-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00562.x"},{"key":"bibr7-7750.2009.08077","volume-title":"New concepts of melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation","author":"Im S","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr8-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04019.x"},{"key":"bibr9-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10012"},{"key":"bibr10-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04161.x"},{"key":"bibr11-7750.2009.08077","first-page":"415","volume":"29","author":"Weisberg NK","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"bibr12-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70245-4"},{"key":"bibr13-7750.2009.08077","first-page":"122","volume":"7","author":"Breit P","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol"},{"key":"bibr14-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00447.x"},{"key":"bibr15-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2005.05.007"},{"key":"bibr16-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305203282002"},{"key":"bibr17-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30665-X"},{"key":"bibr18-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102040-00002"},{"key":"bibr19-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.02.020"},{"key":"bibr20-7750.2009.08077","first-page":"48","volume":"68","author":"Jacyk WK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"bibr21-7750.2009.08077","first-page":"45","volume":"77","author":"Grimes P","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"bibr22-7750.2009.08077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(98)80076-3"},{"key":"bibr23-7750.2009.08077","first-page":"149","volume":"17","author":"Cook-Bolden F","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cosmetic Dermatol"},{"key":"bibr24-7750.2009.08077","unstructured":"Swinyer LJ, Wortzman M. 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