{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:31:37Z","timestamp":1791318697096,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Med Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with wide clinical features ranging from cutaneous manifestations to systemic disease. Skin is one of the most commonly affected organs in SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether there is any correlation between discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and the severity of SLE. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, 60 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed SLE were enrolled. Skin biopsy was performed to establish the diagnosis of DLE. Disease activity was determined by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). A SLEDAI-2K score \u2265 10 was considered active and severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven SLE patients (9 females and 2 males) had DLE (18.3%) and 49 patients (46 females and 3 males) had SLE without DLE (81.7%). The mean age of patients with DLE was 30.18 \u00b1 11.07 years and in patients without it was 28.4 \u00b1 10.26 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .6). Three of 11 patients with DLE (27.3%) and 14 of 49 patients without DLE (28.6%) had a SLEDAI-2K score \u2265 10 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of DLE in our patients with SLE was not associated with less severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2014.13122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T15:01:24Z","timestamp":1426086084000},"page":"316-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the Incidence of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Relationship to Disease Activity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Massoud","family":"Saghafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; and Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Hashemzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; and Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Sedighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; and Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Yazdanpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; and Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rezaieyazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; and Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sahebari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; and Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habibollah","family":"Esmaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; and Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199303000-00005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071297."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301675962535."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Discoid lupus erythematosus: description of 130 cases and review of their natural history and clinical course","volume":"2","author":"Insawang M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Insawang M, Kulthanan K, Chularojanamontri L, . Discoid lupus erythematosus: description of 130 cases and review of their natural history and clinical course. 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