{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:19:00Z","timestamp":1777724340383,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease and dementia are growing medical and social problems in aging societies. Appropriate knowledge of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline risk factors (RFs) are critical for global CVR health preventive intervention. Many epidemiological studies use case definition based on data collected\/measured in a single visit, a fact that can overestimate prevalence rates and distant from clinical practice demanding criteria. Portugal displays an elevated stroke mortality rate. However, population's global CV risk characterization is limited, namely, considering traditional\/nontraditional RF and new intermediate phenotypes of CV and renal disease. Association of hemodynamic variables (pulse wave velocity and central blood pressure) with global CVR stratification, cognitive performance, and kidney disease are practically inexistent at a dwelling population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After reviewing published data, we designed a population-based cohort study to analyze the prevalence of these cardiovascular RFs and intermediate phenotypes, using random sampling of adult dwellers living in 2 adjacent cities. Strict definition of phenotypes was planned: subjects were observed twice, and several hemodynamic and other biological variables measured at least 3 months apart.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three thousand thirty-eight subjects were enrolled, and extensive data collection (including central and peripheral blood pressure, pulse wave velocity), sample processing, and biobank edification were carried out. One thousand forty-seven cognitive evaluations were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seeking for CV risk reclassification, early identification of subjects at risk, and evidence of early vascular aging and cognitive and renal function decline, using the strict daily clinical practice criteria, will lead to better resource allocation in preventive measures at a population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2310\/jim.0000000000000069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T09:10:57Z","timestamp":1462957857000},"page":"813-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Rationale\/Design of the Guimar\u00e3es\/Vizela Study: A Multimodal Population-Based Cohort Study to Determine Global Cardiovascular Risk and Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Pedro Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Guimar\u00e3es\u2013Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Science, University of Minho, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es;, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Guimar\u00e3es\u2013Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Science, University of Minho, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es;, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estudo de Popula\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Guimar\u00e3es\u2013Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Science, University of Minho, Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es;, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655688"},{"key":"bibr2-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655761"},{"key":"bibr3-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X10382946"},{"key":"bibr4-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"bibr5-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3281fc975a"},{"key":"bibr6-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00114-3"},{"key":"bibr7-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr158"},{"key":"bibr8-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-s064"},{"key":"bibr9-JIM.0000000000000069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.09.009"},{"issue":"33","key":"bibr10-JIM.0000000000000069","first-page":"1635","volume":"2012","author":"Perk 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