{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:18Z","timestamp":1780067118033,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the profile attractiveness of skeletal Class III patients treated with either a surgery-first approach (SFA) or a conventional surgery approach (CSA), as perceived by surgeons, orthodontists, and laypersons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-four patients were assigned to either the SFA or CSA group retrospectively based on the surgical protocol performed and were evaluated by three distinct groups: oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and laypersons (n = 23 per group). Profile images before (T1) and after orthodontic-surgical treatment (T2) were analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Then participants answered the following question: \u201cWhich surgical technique was used, CSA or SFA?\u201d Statistical analyses including the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Friedman test, the \u03ba test, independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to assess correlations and comparisons among evaluator groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A high and positive correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.86,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) was demonstrated for scores between surgeons and orthodontists, and a low correlation was demonstrated between laypeople and specialists (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.55,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01 and\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.48,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .03). No statistically significant relationships were found between esthetic perceptions and the surgical approach regardless of the level of expertise of the evaluators, and it was also not possible to differentiate between the surgical approaches used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we indicate that the choice of orthognathic surgical protocol, whether surgery-first or conventional, did not significantly influence the perceived facial profile attractiveness of skeletal Class III patients. These findings support the clinical viability of the SFA protocol, particularly in cases where treatment time or patient preference are factors in decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/010125-4.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:45:30Z","timestamp":1763739930000},"page":"224-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Facial esthetic perception between skeletal Class III patients treated with conventional and surgery-first orthognathic approaches"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Arthur","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student, Clinic of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e1","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Clinic of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher and Professor, Postgraduate Dental Program, University of Bras\u00edlia, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Artese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Clinic of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Augusto M.","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Clinic of Orthodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"551","article-title":"Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Kiekens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiekens RM,\nMaltha JC,\nHof MA,\nKuijpers-Jagtman AM. Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(4):551\u2013556."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"423","article-title":"Do dental esthetics have any influence on finding a job","volume":"146","author":"Pithon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pithon MM,\nNascimento CC,\nBarbosa GCG,\nSilva Coqueiro R. Do dental esthetics have any influence on finding a job? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146(4):423\u2013429."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"171","article-title":"Impact of orthosurgical treatment phases on oral health-related quality of life","volume":"149","author":"Palomares","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palomares NB,\nCeleste RK,\nMiguel JAM. Impact of orthosurgical treatment phases on oral health-related quality of life. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149(2):171\u2013181."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b04","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"e25spe1","article-title":"Clinical guidelines and planning for orthodontic-surgical treatment using clear aligners","volume":"30","author":"Cunha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cunha A,\nda Silveira HM,\nMiguel JAM. Clinical guidelines and planning for orthodontic-surgical treatment using clear aligners. Dent Press J Orthod. 2025;30(1):e25spe1."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b05","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"930","article-title":"Skeletal stability in orthognathic surgery with the surgery-first approach: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Soverina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soverina D,\nGasparini G,\nPelo S, et al. Skeletal stability in orthognathic surgery with the surgery-first approach: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48(7):930\u2013940."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b06","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"341","article-title":"Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life: a comparison between orthodontics-first and surgery-first approaches","volume":"58","author":"Saghafi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saghafi H,\nBenington P,\nAyoub A. Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life: a comparison between orthodontics-first and surgery-first approaches. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;58(3):341\u2013347."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b07","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"246","article-title":"Surgery first: an alternative approach to ortho-surgical patients","volume":"13","author":"Miguel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miguel JAM,\nGava EC. Surgery first: an alternative approach to ortho-surgical patients. Prog Orthod. 2012;13(3):246\u2013259."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b08","series-title":"AJO-DO Clin Companion","first-page":"163","article-title":"Long-term stability of Class III skeletal malocclusion treatment with the surgery-first approach: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Cunha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cunha AS,\nSilva LKA,\nFeu D,\nSilveira HM,\nMiguel JAM. Long-term stability of Class III skeletal malocclusion treatment with the surgery-first approach: a case report. AJO-DO Clin Companion. 2023;3(2):163\u2013175."},{"key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b09","series-title":"Int Electron J Health Educ","first-page":"178","article-title":"Validation and findings comparing VAS vs. Likert scales for psychosocial measurements","volume":"8","author":"Hasson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hasson D,\nArnetz BB. Validation and findings comparing VAS vs. Likert scales for psychosocial measurements. Int Electron J Health Educ. 2005;8:178\u2013192."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"844","article-title":"Likert scale vs visual analog scale for assessing facial pleasantness","volume":"160","author":"Dourado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dourado GB,\nVolpato GH,\nde Almeida-Pedrin RR,\nOltramari PVP,\nFernandes TMF,\nde Castro Ferreira Conti AC. Likert scale vs visual analog scale for assessing facial pleasantness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;160(6):844\u2013852."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"362","article-title":"Long-term profile attractiveness in Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients treated with and without extractions","volume":"155","author":"Mendes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mendes LM,\nJanson G,\nJunqueira-Mendes CHZ,\nGarib DG. Long-term profile attractiveness in Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients treated with and without extractions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;155(3):362\u2013371."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"80","article-title":"Perceived facial changes of Class II Division 1 patients with convex profiles after functional orthopedic treatment followed by fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"152","author":"Tsiouli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsiouli K,\nTopouzelis N,\nPapadopoulos MA,\nGkantidis N. Perceived facial changes of Class II Division 1 patients with convex profiles after functional orthopedic treatment followed by fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(1):80\u201391."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e218","article-title":"Impact of facial components on the attractiveness of face: a perception-based study","volume":"162","author":"Parul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parul P,\nKumar M,\nGoyal M,\nMishra S,\nShaha K,\nAbrar M. Impact of facial components on the attractiveness of face: a perception-based study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;162(5):e218\u2013e229."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b14","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"92","article-title":"Relationships between facial features in the perception of profile attractiveness","volume":"11","author":"Torsello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torsello F,\nGraci M,\nGrande NM,\nDeli R. Relationships between facial features in the perception of profile attractiveness. Prog Orthod. 2010;11(2):92\u201397."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"224","article-title":"Influence of facial pattern in smile attractiveness regarding gingival exposure assessed by dentists and laypersons","volume":"155","author":"Lima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lima APB,\nde Castro Ferreira Conti AC,\nCapelozza Filho L,\nCardoso MA,\nAlmeida-Pedrin RR. Influence of facial pattern in smile attractiveness regarding gingival exposure assessed by dentists and laypersons. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;155(2):224\u2013233."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b16","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"100784","article-title":"Factors influencing the perception of profile beauty in Class III dental compensation: a comparative cross-sectional study according to three categories of assessors","volume":"21","author":"El Khoury","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Khoury K,\nGhoubril J,\nKassis A,\nKhoury E. Factors influencing the perception of profile beauty in Class III dental compensation: a comparative cross-sectional study according to three categories of assessors. Int Orthod. 2023;21(3):100784."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"281","article-title":"Esthetic evaluation of profile photographs showing various sagittal and vertical patterns","volume":"159","author":"Tugran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tugran M,\nBaka ZM. Esthetic evaluation of profile photographs showing various sagittal and vertical patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;159(3):281\u2013291."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"141","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations","volume":"130","author":"Kokich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich VO,\nKokich VG,\nKiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(2):141\u2013151."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b19","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"6791","article-title":"Smile attractiveness in Class III patients after orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery","volume":"25","author":"Reis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reis GM,\nFreitas DS,\nOliveira RC, et al. Smile attractiveness in Class III patients after orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(12):6791\u20136797."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b20","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"839","article-title":"Assessing the influence of chin prominence on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, clinician and layperson","volume":"41","author":"Naini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naini F,\nDonaldson A,\nMcDonald F,\nCobourne M. Assessing the influence of chin prominence on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, clinician and layperson. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(7):839\u2013846."},{"key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b21","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of profile attractiveness between Class III orthodontic camouflage and predictive tracing of orthognathic surgery","volume":"2020","author":"Bou Wadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bou Wadi MN,\nFreitas KMS,\nFreitas DS, et al. Comparison of profile attractiveness between Class III orthodontic camouflage and predictive tracing of orthognathic surgery. Int J Dent. 2020;2020:1\u20136."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b22","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"666","article-title":"Improvement in facial aesthetics of orthognathic patients after surgery-first approach","volume":"61","author":"AlOtaibi","year":"2023","unstructured":"AlOtaibi NM,\nLiu CH,\nBenington PC,\nAyoub AF. Improvement in facial aesthetics of orthognathic patients after surgery-first approach. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023;61(10):666\u2013671."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b23","series-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e153","article-title":"Comparison of psychosocial and aesthetic features of Class III malocclusion after orthognathic surgery: conventional approach versus surgery-first approach","volume":"123","author":"F\u0131nd\u0131k","year":"2022","unstructured":"F\u0131nd\u0131k Y,\nB\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7avu\u015f MH,\nKo\u00e7er G,\nYaz\u0131c\u0131 T,\nBaykul T. Comparison of psychosocial and aesthetic features of Class III malocclusion after orthognathic surgery: conventional approach versus surgery-first approach. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;123(4):e153\u2013e158."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b24","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"898","article-title":"A comparison of postoperative, three-dimensional soft tissue changes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions treated via orthodontics-first and surgery-first approaches","volume":"49","author":"Okamoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okamoto D,\nYamauchi K,\nYazaki M, et al. A comparison of postoperative, three-dimensional soft tissue changes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions treated via orthodontics-first and surgery-first approaches. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2021;49(10):898\u2013904."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"728","article-title":"Early and 1-year postsurgical stability and its factors in patients with complicated skeletal Class III malocclusion treated by conventional and surgery-first approach: a prospective cohort study","volume":"164","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y,\nYang Z,\nQi Y, et al. Early and 1-year postsurgical stability and its factors in patients with complicated skeletal Class III malocclusion treated by conventional and surgery-first approach: a prospective cohort study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;164(5):728\u2013740."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b26","series-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"162","article-title":"Surgery-first orthognathic approach vs conventional orthognathic approach: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"122","author":"Barone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barone S,\nMorice A,\nPicard A,\nGiudice A. Surgery-first orthognathic approach vs conventional orthognathic approach: a systematic review of systematic reviews. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;122(2):162\u2013172."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b27","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1469.e1","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of the postsurgical stability of mandibular setback with the surgery-first approach: comparison between patients with symmetry and asymmetry","volume":"77","author":"Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun L,\nLee KM. Three-dimensional evaluation of the postsurgical stability of mandibular setback with the surgery-first approach: comparison between patients with symmetry and asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;77(7):1469.e1\u20131469.e11."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"551","article-title":"Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Kiekens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiekens RM,\nMaltha JC,\nHof MA,\nKuijpers-Jagtman AM. Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(4):551\u2013556."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"423","article-title":"Do dental esthetics have any influence on finding a job","volume":"146","author":"Pithon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pithon MM,\nNascimento CC,\nBarbosa GCG,\nSilva Coqueiro R. Do dental esthetics have any influence on finding a job? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146(4):423\u2013429."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"171","article-title":"Impact of orthosurgical treatment phases on oral health-related quality of life","volume":"149","author":"Palomares","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palomares NB,\nCeleste RK,\nMiguel JAM. Impact of orthosurgical treatment phases on oral health-related quality of life. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149(2):171\u2013181."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b04","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"e25spe1","article-title":"Clinical guidelines and planning for orthodontic-surgical treatment using clear aligners","volume":"30","author":"Cunha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cunha A,\nda Silveira HM,\nMiguel JAM. Clinical guidelines and planning for orthodontic-surgical treatment using clear aligners. Dent Press J Orthod. 2025;30(1):e25spe1."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b05","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"930","article-title":"Skeletal stability in orthognathic surgery with the surgery-first approach: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Soverina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soverina D,\nGasparini G,\nPelo S, et al. Skeletal stability in orthognathic surgery with the surgery-first approach: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48(7):930\u2013940."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b06","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"341","article-title":"Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life: a comparison between orthodontics-first and surgery-first approaches","volume":"58","author":"Saghafi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saghafi H,\nBenington P,\nAyoub A. Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life: a comparison between orthodontics-first and surgery-first approaches. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;58(3):341\u2013347."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b07","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"246","article-title":"Surgery first: an alternative approach to ortho-surgical patients","volume":"13","author":"Miguel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miguel JAM,\nGava EC. Surgery first: an alternative approach to ortho-surgical patients. Prog Orthod. 2012;13(3):246\u2013259."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b08","series-title":"AJO-DO Clin Companion","first-page":"163","article-title":"Long-term stability of Class III skeletal malocclusion treatment with the surgery-first approach: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Cunha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cunha AS,\nSilva LKA,\nFeu D,\nSilveira HM,\nMiguel JAM. Long-term stability of Class III skeletal malocclusion treatment with the surgery-first approach: a case report. AJO-DO Clin Companion. 2023;3(2):163\u2013175."},{"key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b09","series-title":"Int Electron J Health Educ","first-page":"178","article-title":"Validation and findings comparing VAS vs. Likert scales for psychosocial measurements","volume":"8","author":"Hasson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hasson D,\nArnetz BB. Validation and findings comparing VAS vs. Likert scales for psychosocial measurements. Int Electron J Health Educ. 2005;8:178\u2013192."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"844","article-title":"Likert scale vs visual analog scale for assessing facial pleasantness","volume":"160","author":"Dourado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dourado GB,\nVolpato GH,\nde Almeida-Pedrin RR,\nOltramari PVP,\nFernandes TMF,\nde Castro Ferreira Conti AC. Likert scale vs visual analog scale for assessing facial pleasantness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;160(6):844\u2013852."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"362","article-title":"Long-term profile attractiveness in Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients treated with and without extractions","volume":"155","author":"Mendes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mendes LM,\nJanson G,\nJunqueira-Mendes CHZ,\nGarib DG. Long-term profile attractiveness in Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients treated with and without extractions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;155(3):362\u2013371."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"80","article-title":"Perceived facial changes of Class II Division 1 patients with convex profiles after functional orthopedic treatment followed by fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"152","author":"Tsiouli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsiouli K,\nTopouzelis N,\nPapadopoulos MA,\nGkantidis N. Perceived facial changes of Class II Division 1 patients with convex profiles after functional orthopedic treatment followed by fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(1):80\u201391."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e218","article-title":"Impact of facial components on the attractiveness of face: a perception-based study","volume":"162","author":"Parul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parul P,\nKumar M,\nGoyal M,\nMishra S,\nShaha K,\nAbrar M. Impact of facial components on the attractiveness of face: a perception-based study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;162(5):e218\u2013e229."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b14","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"92","article-title":"Relationships between facial features in the perception of profile attractiveness","volume":"11","author":"Torsello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torsello F,\nGraci M,\nGrande NM,\nDeli R. Relationships between facial features in the perception of profile attractiveness. Prog Orthod. 2010;11(2):92\u201397."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"224","article-title":"Influence of facial pattern in smile attractiveness regarding gingival exposure assessed by dentists and laypersons","volume":"155","author":"Lima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lima APB,\nde Castro Ferreira Conti AC,\nCapelozza Filho L,\nCardoso MA,\nAlmeida-Pedrin RR. Influence of facial pattern in smile attractiveness regarding gingival exposure assessed by dentists and laypersons. 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Esthetic evaluation of profile photographs showing various sagittal and vertical patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;159(3):281\u2013291."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"141","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations","volume":"130","author":"Kokich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich VO,\nKokich VG,\nKiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(2):141\u2013151."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-224-b19","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"6791","article-title":"Smile attractiveness in Class III patients after orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery","volume":"25","author":"Reis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reis GM,\nFreitas DS,\nOliveira RC, et al. 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