{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:37:14Z","timestamp":1792546634002,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To compare fixed appliances and clear aligner therapy in correcting anterior open bite and in controlling the vertical dimension in adult patients with hyperdivergent skeletal patterns.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In this retrospective study, two treatment groups of adult (\u226518 years old) hyperdivergent patients (mandibular plane angles of \u226538\u00b0) with anterior open bites were included: 17 fixed appliance patients and 36 clear aligner patients. Thirteen cephalometric measurements representing the vertical dimension were reported for each group. A two-sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test was used to assess differences in changes in mandibular plane angle and overbite between the two treatment groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n There were no statistical differences found in the magnitude of overbite correction and the changes in any of the cephalometric measurements for vertical control. The clear aligner group showed a slightly greater amount of lower incisor extrusion (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .009). The main mechanism of open bite correction was similar between the two treatment groups and was accomplished through retroclination of the upper and lower incisors while maintaining the vertical position of the upper and lower molars.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Cephalometric comparison of anterior open bite correction and changes in the mandibular plane angle associated with use of clear aligners and fixed appliances did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in adult hyperdivergent patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/010418-4.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T11:38:18Z","timestamp":1538566698000},"page":"3-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Cephalometric comparison of adult anterior open bite treatment using clear aligners and fixed appliances"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Bella Shen","family":"Garnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, San Francisco, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Mahood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instructor, Department of Orthodontics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliaa","family":"Al-Khateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heesoo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"337","article-title":"Open-bite: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"50","author":"Subtelny \n JD,","year":"1964","unstructured":"Subtelny \n JD, \n \n \n Sakuda \n M. \n \n \n Open-bite: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Orthod. 1964;50:337\u2013358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"484","article-title":"Cephalometric and clinical diagnoses of openbite tendency","volume":"94","author":"Dung \n DJ,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dung \n DJ, \n \n \n Smith \n RJ. \n \n \n Cephalometric and clinical diagnoses of openbite tendency. Am J Orthod. 1988;94:484\u2013490."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"207","article-title":"Orthodontic and orthopaedic approach in the treatment of skeletal open bite","volume":"14","author":"Arat \n M,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arat \n M, \n \n \n Iseri \n H. \n \n \n Orthodontic and orthopaedic approach in the treatment of skeletal open bite. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:207\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"142","article-title":"Opening rotations of the mandible during and after treatment","volume":"114","author":"Ryan \n MJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ryan \n MJ, \n \n \n Schneider \n BJ, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA, \n \n \n Muhl \n ZF. \n \n \n Opening rotations of the mandible during and after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114:142\u2013149."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"489","article-title":"The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks","volume":"14","author":"Kuster \n R,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kuster \n R, \n \n \n Ingervall \n B. \n \n \n The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:489\u2013499."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"Vertical control in treatment of patients having backward-rotational growth tendencies","volume":"48","author":"Pearson \n LE.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pearson \n LE. \n \n \n Vertical control in treatment of patients having backward-rotational growth tendencies. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:132\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"506","article-title":"Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients","volume":"122","author":"Iscan \n HN,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iscan \n HN, \n \n \n Dincer \n M, \n \n \n Gultan \n A, \n \n \n Meral \n O, \n \n \n Taner-Sarisoy \n L. \n \n \n Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:506\u2013511."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"366","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of vertical and sagittal control in the mandibular arch by the mandibular fixed lingual arch","volume":"118","author":"Villalobos \n FJ,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Villalobos \n FJ, \n \n \n Sinha \n PK, \n \n \n Nanda \n RS. \n \n \n Longitudinal assessment of vertical and sagittal control in the mandibular arch by the mandibular fixed lingual arch. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:366\u2013370."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"549","article-title":"The performance of bonded magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite","volume":"109","author":"Noar \n JH,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Noar \n JH, \n \n \n Shell \n N, \n \n \n Hunt \n NP. \n \n \n The performance of bonded magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109:549\u2013556."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"599","article-title":"Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthodontic surgery outcomes","volume":"132","author":"Kuroda \n S,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda \n S, \n \n \n Sakai \n Y, \n \n \n Tamamura \n N, \n \n \n Deguchi \n T, \n \n \n Takano-Yamamoto \n T. \n \n \n Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthodontic surgery outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:599\u2013605."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S60","article-title":"Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in adults with skeletal open bite between conventional edgewise treatment and implant-anchored orthodontics","volume":"139","author":"Deguchi \n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deguchi \n T, \n \n \n Kurosaka \n H, \n \n \n Oikawa \n H, \n \n et al. \n Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in adults with skeletal open bite between conventional edgewise treatment and implant-anchored orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:S60\u2013S68."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"593","article-title":"Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage","volume":"122","author":"Sherwood \n KH,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sherwood \n KH, \n \n \n Burch \n JG, \n \n \n Thompson \n WJ. \n \n \n Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage. Am J Orthod. 2002;122:593\u2013600."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"525","article-title":"Complex orthodontic treatment using a new protocol for the Invisalign Appliance","volume":"41","author":"Boyd \n RL.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boyd \n RL. \n \n \n Complex orthodontic treatment using a new protocol for the Invisalign Appliance. J Clin Orthod. 2007;41:525\u2013547."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b14","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"501","article-title":"Treatment of anterior open bite with the Invisalign system","volume":"44","author":"Schupp \n W,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schupp \n W, \n \n \n Haubrich \n J, \n \n \n Neumann \n I. \n \n \n Treatment of anterior open bite with the Invisalign system. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:501\u2013507."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"801","article-title":"Discomfort associated with Invisalign and traditional brackets: a randomized, prospective trial","volume":"87","author":"White \n DW,","year":"2017","unstructured":"White \n DW, \n \n \n Julien \n KC, \n \n \n Jacob \n H, \n \n \n Campbell \n PM, \n \n \n Buschang \n PM. \n \n \n Discomfort associated with Invisalign and traditional brackets: a randomized, prospective trial. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:801\u2013808."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"292","article-title":"Outcome assessment of Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment compared with the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System","volume":"128","author":"Djeu \n G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Djeu \n G, \n \n \n Shelton \n C, \n \n \n Maganzini \n A. \n \n \n Outcome assessment of Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment compared with the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:292\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"864","article-title":"and traditional orthodontic treatment postretention outcomes compared using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System","volume":"77","author":"Kuncio \n D,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuncio \n D, \n \n \n Maganzini \n A, \n \n \n Shelton \n C, \n \n \n Freeman K. \n Invisalign \n \n \n and traditional orthodontic treatment postretention outcomes compared using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:864\u2013869."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"913","article-title":"Open bite treatment using clear aligners","volume":"83","author":"Guarneri \n MP,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guarneri \n MP, \n \n \n Oliverio \n T, \n \n \n Silvestre \n I, \n \n \n Lombardo \n L, \n \n \n Siciliani \n G. \n \n \n Open bite treatment using clear aligners. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:913\u2013919."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"881","article-title":"Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Rossini \n G,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini \n G, \n \n \n Parrini \n S, \n \n \n Castroflorio \n T, \n \n \n Deregibus \n A, \n \n \n Debernardi \n CL. \n \n \n Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:881\u2013889."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"346","article-title":"Treatment strategies for patients with hyperdivergent Class II division 1 malocclusion: is vertical dimension affected?","volume":"140","author":"Gkantidis \n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gkantidis \n N, \n \n \n Halazonetis \n DJ, \n \n \n Alexandropoulos \n E, \n \n \n Haralabakis \n NB. \n \n \n Treatment strategies for patients with hyperdivergent Class II division 1 malocclusion: is vertical dimension affected?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:346\u2013355."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Computer-aided head film analysis: The University of California San Francisco method","volume":"78","author":"Baumrind \n S,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Baumrind \n S, \n \n \n Miller \n D. \n \n \n Computer-aided head film analysis: The University of California San Francisco method. Am J Orthod. 1980;78:41\u201365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b22","series-title":"Sem Orthod","first-page":"162","article-title":"Long-term stability of anterior open-bite therapy: a review","volume":"8","author":"Huang \n GJ.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huang \n GJ. \n \n \n Long-term stability of anterior open-bite therapy: a review. Sem Orthod. 2002;8:162\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"265","article-title":"Stability of anterior open bite nonextraction treatment in the permanent dentition","volume":"124","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Valarelli \n FP, \n \n \n Henriques \n JFC, \n \n \n de Freitas \n MR, \n \n \n Can\u00e7ado \n RH. \n \n \n Stability of anterior open bite nonextraction treatment in the permanent dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:265\u2013276."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"391","article-title":"Comparative time efficiency of aligner therapy and conventional edgewise braces","volume":"84","author":"Buschang \n PH,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buschang \n PH, \n \n \n Shaw \n SG, \n \n \n Ross \n M, \n \n \n Crosby \n D, \n \n \n Campbell \n PM. \n \n \n Comparative time efficiency of aligner therapy and conventional edgewise braces. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:391\u2013396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"259","article-title":"Evaluation of Invisalign treatment effectiveness and efficiency compared with conventional fixed appliances using the Peer Assessment Rating index","volume":"151","author":"Gu \n J,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gu \n J, \n \n \n Tang \n JS, \n \n \n Skulski \n B, \n \n et al. \n Evaluation of Invisalign treatment effectiveness and efficiency compared with conventional fixed appliances using the Peer Assessment Rating index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;151:259\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"337","article-title":"Open-bite: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"50","author":"Subtelny \n JD,","year":"1964","unstructured":"Subtelny \n JD, \n \n \n Sakuda \n M. \n \n \n Open-bite: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Orthod. 1964;50:337\u2013358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"484","article-title":"Cephalometric and clinical diagnoses of openbite tendency","volume":"94","author":"Dung \n DJ,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dung \n DJ, \n \n \n Smith \n RJ. \n \n \n Cephalometric and clinical diagnoses of openbite tendency. Am J Orthod. 1988;94:484\u2013490."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"207","article-title":"Orthodontic and orthopaedic approach in the treatment of skeletal open bite","volume":"14","author":"Arat \n M,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arat \n M, \n \n \n Iseri \n H. \n \n \n Orthodontic and orthopaedic approach in the treatment of skeletal open bite. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:207\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"142","article-title":"Opening rotations of the mandible during and after treatment","volume":"114","author":"Ryan \n MJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ryan \n MJ, \n \n \n Schneider \n BJ, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA, \n \n \n Muhl \n ZF. \n \n \n Opening rotations of the mandible during and after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114:142\u2013149."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"489","article-title":"The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks","volume":"14","author":"Kuster \n R,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kuster \n R, \n \n \n Ingervall \n B. \n \n \n The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:489\u2013499."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"Vertical control in treatment of patients having backward-rotational growth tendencies","volume":"48","author":"Pearson \n LE.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pearson \n LE. \n \n \n Vertical control in treatment of patients having backward-rotational growth tendencies. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:132\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"506","article-title":"Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients","volume":"122","author":"Iscan \n HN,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iscan \n HN, \n \n \n Dincer \n M, \n \n \n Gultan \n A, \n \n \n Meral \n O, \n \n \n Taner-Sarisoy \n L. \n \n \n Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:506\u2013511."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"366","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of vertical and sagittal control in the mandibular arch by the mandibular fixed lingual arch","volume":"118","author":"Villalobos \n FJ,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Villalobos \n FJ, \n \n \n Sinha \n PK, \n \n \n Nanda \n RS. \n \n \n Longitudinal assessment of vertical and sagittal control in the mandibular arch by the mandibular fixed lingual arch. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:366\u2013370."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"549","article-title":"The performance of bonded magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite","volume":"109","author":"Noar \n JH,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Noar \n JH, \n \n \n Shell \n N, \n \n \n Hunt \n NP. \n \n \n The performance of bonded magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109:549\u2013556."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"599","article-title":"Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthodontic surgery outcomes","volume":"132","author":"Kuroda \n S,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda \n S, \n \n \n Sakai \n Y, \n \n \n Tamamura \n N, \n \n \n Deguchi \n T, \n \n \n Takano-Yamamoto \n T. \n \n \n Treatment of severe anterior open bite with skeletal anchorage in adults: comparison with orthodontic surgery outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:599\u2013605."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S60","article-title":"Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in adults with skeletal open bite between conventional edgewise treatment and implant-anchored orthodontics","volume":"139","author":"Deguchi \n T,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deguchi \n T, \n \n \n Kurosaka \n H, \n \n \n Oikawa \n H, \n \n et al. \n Comparison of orthodontic treatment outcomes in adults with skeletal open bite between conventional edgewise treatment and implant-anchored orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:S60\u2013S68."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"593","article-title":"Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage","volume":"122","author":"Sherwood \n KH,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sherwood \n KH, \n \n \n Burch \n JG, \n \n \n Thompson \n WJ. \n \n \n Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage. Am J Orthod. 2002;122:593\u2013600."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"525","article-title":"Complex orthodontic treatment using a new protocol for the Invisalign Appliance","volume":"41","author":"Boyd \n RL.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boyd \n RL. \n \n \n Complex orthodontic treatment using a new protocol for the Invisalign Appliance. J Clin Orthod. 2007;41:525\u2013547."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b14","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"501","article-title":"Treatment of anterior open bite with the Invisalign system","volume":"44","author":"Schupp \n W,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schupp \n W, \n \n \n Haubrich \n J, \n \n \n Neumann \n I. \n \n \n Treatment of anterior open bite with the Invisalign system. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:501\u2013507."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"801","article-title":"Discomfort associated with Invisalign and traditional brackets: a randomized, prospective trial","volume":"87","author":"White \n DW,","year":"2017","unstructured":"White \n DW, \n \n \n Julien \n KC, \n \n \n Jacob \n H, \n \n \n Campbell \n PM, \n \n \n Buschang \n PM. \n \n \n Discomfort associated with Invisalign and traditional brackets: a randomized, prospective trial. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:801\u2013808."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"292","article-title":"Outcome assessment of Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment compared with the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System","volume":"128","author":"Djeu \n G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Djeu \n G, \n \n \n Shelton \n C, \n \n \n Maganzini \n A. \n \n \n Outcome assessment of Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment compared with the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:292\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"864","article-title":"and traditional orthodontic treatment postretention outcomes compared using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System","volume":"77","author":"Kuncio \n D,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuncio \n D, \n \n \n Maganzini \n A, \n \n \n Shelton \n C, \n \n \n Freeman K. \n Invisalign \n \n \n and traditional orthodontic treatment postretention outcomes compared using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:864\u2013869."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"913","article-title":"Open bite treatment using clear aligners","volume":"83","author":"Guarneri \n MP,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guarneri \n MP, \n \n \n Oliverio \n T, \n \n \n Silvestre \n I, \n \n \n Lombardo \n L, \n \n \n Siciliani \n G. \n \n \n Open bite treatment using clear aligners. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:913\u2013919."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-1-3-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"881","article-title":"Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Rossini \n G,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini \n G, \n \n \n Parrini \n S, \n \n \n Castroflorio \n T, \n \n \n Deregibus \n A, \n \n \n Debernardi \n CL. \n \n \n Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. 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