{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T13:45:32Z","timestamp":1782999932245,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n This case report describes the treatment of a patient with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and skeletal open bite. First, the patient was treated with a stabilization splint to stabilize the condyles in centric relation and to alleviate TMD signs and symptoms. After making a definitive diagnosis from postsplint records, orthodontic treatment was initiated. Titanium miniplates were placed at bilateral zygomatic buttresses and used as orthodontic anchorage for molar intrusion and distalization. The treatment was completed after 30\u00a0months. Satisfactory appearance and function were achieved for this patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/010514-17.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]],"date-time":"2014-04-28T08:50:58Z","timestamp":1398675058000},"page":"335-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Temporomandibular disorders with skeletal open bite treated with stabilization splint and zygomatic miniplate anchorage: A case report"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shushu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b01","series-title":"Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion","author":"Okeson, JP.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okeson, JP. \n \n Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2007."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b02","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"310","article-title":"A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35\u00a0years of age","volume":"14","author":"Magnusson, T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Magnusson, T, \n \n Egermark, I, \n \n Carlsson, GE. \n \n A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35\u00a0years of age. J Orofac Pain. 2000; 14: 310\u2013 319."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b03","series-title":"J Dent Educ","first-page":"1242","article-title":"Stabilization splint therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: a systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Al-Ani, Z,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Ani, Z, \n \n Gray, RJ, \n \n Davies, SJ, \n \n Sloan, P, \n \n Glenny, AM. \n \n Stabilization splint therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: a systematic review. J Dent Educ. 2005; 69: 1242\u2013 1250."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b04","series-title":"Cranio","first-page":"182","article-title":"MRI of TMJ in patients with severe skeletal malocclusion following surgical\/orthodontic treatment","volume":"26","author":"Rusanen, J,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rusanen, J, \n \n Pirttiniemi, P, \n \n Tervonen, O, \n \n Raustia, A. \n \n MRI of TMJ in patients with severe skeletal malocclusion following surgical\/orthodontic treatment. Cranio. 2008; 26: 182\u2013 190."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b05","series-title":"J Stomat Occ Med","first-page":"49","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of severe crowding malocclusion with temporomandibular joint closed-lock by means of multi-loop edgewise archwire: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Kawagoe, T,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kawagoe, T, \n \n Akimoto, S, \n \n Sato, S. \n \n Orthodontic treatment of severe crowding malocclusion with temporomandibular joint closed-lock by means of multi-loop edgewise archwire: a case report. J Stomat Occ Med. 2010; 3: 49\u2013 60."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b06","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"343","article-title":"Treatment outcome of appliance therapy in temporomandibular disorder patients with myofascial pain after 6 and 12\u00a0months","volume":"62","author":"Ekberg, E,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ekberg, E, \n \n Nilner, M. \n \n Treatment outcome of appliance therapy in temporomandibular disorder patients with myofascial pain after 6 and 12\u00a0months. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004; 62: 343\u2013 349."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b07","series-title":"Swed Dent J","first-page":"11","article-title":"Treatment effect on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders\u2014comparison between stabilization splint and a new type of splint (NTI). A pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Magnusson, T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Magnusson, T, \n \n Adiels, AM, \n \n Nilsson, HL, \n \n Helkimo, M. \n \n Treatment effect on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders\u2014comparison between stabilization splint and a new type of splint (NTI). A pilot study. Swed Dent J. 2004; 28: 11\u2013 20."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b08","series-title":"Int J Prosthodont","first-page":"564","article-title":"A 6- and 12-month follow-up of appliance therapy in TMD patients: a follow-up of a controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Ekberg, E,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ekberg, E, \n \n Nilner, M. \n \n A 6- and 12-month follow-up of appliance therapy in TMD patients: a follow-up of a controlled trial. Int J Prosthodont. 2002; 15: 564\u2013 570."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b09","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Treatment of temporomandibular disorders by stabilizing splints in general dental practice: results after initial treatment","volume":"137","author":"Wassel, RW,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wassel, RW, \n \n Adams, N, \n \n Kelly, PJ. \n \n Treatment of temporomandibular disorders by stabilizing splints in general dental practice: results after initial treatment. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006; 137: 1089\u2013 1098."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b10","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"218","article-title":"Clinical comparison between two different splint designs for temporomandibular disorder therapy","volume":"63","author":"Jokstad, A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jokstad, A, \n \n Mo, A, \n \n Krogstad, BS. \n \n Clinical comparison between two different splint designs for temporomandibular disorder therapy. Acta Odontol Scand. 2005; 63: 218\u2013 226."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b11","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"799","article-title":"Efficacy of stabilisation splint treatment on temporomandibular disorders","volume":"39","author":"Niemela, K,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Niemela, K, \n \n Korpela, M, \n \n Raustia, A, \n \n Ylo Stalo, P, \n \n Sipila, K. \n \n Efficacy of stabilisation splint treatment on temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2012; 39: 799\u2013 804."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b12","series-title":"Functional Occlusion: From TMJ to Smile Design","author":"Dawson, PE.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dawson, PE. \n \n Functional Occlusion: From TMJ to Smile Design. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2006."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b13","series-title":"J Craniomandib Disord","first-page":"301","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique","volume":"6","author":"Dworkin, SF,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dworkin, SF, \n \n Le Resche, L. \n \n Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord. 1992; 6: 301\u2013 355."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b14","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Academy of Prosthodontics, The glossary of prosthodontic terms","volume":"94","year":"2005","unstructured":"The Academy of Prosthodontics, The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent. 2005; 94: 10\u2013 92."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b15","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"24","article-title":"Recent advances in temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain","volume":"122","author":"Fricton, JR.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fricton, JR. \n \n Recent advances in temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain. J Am Dent Assoc. 1991; 122: 24\u2013 32."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b16","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"54","article-title":"Predictors of outcome for treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"10","author":"Fricton, JR,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fricton, JR, \n \n Olsen, T. \n \n Predictors of outcome for treatment of temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 1996; 10: 54\u2013 65."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b17","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"742","article-title":"Symptoms of the stomatognathic system in temporomandibular and cervical spine disorders","volume":"23","author":"de Wijer, A,","year":"1996","unstructured":"de Wijer, A, \n \n Steenks, MH, \n \n Bosmon, F, \n \n Helders, PJM, \n \n Faber, J. \n \n Symptoms of the stomatognathic system in temporomandibular and cervical spine disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 1996; 23: 742\u2013 750."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b18","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"38","article-title":"TMD and occlusion part I. Damned if we do? Occlusion: the interface of dentistry and orthodontics","volume":"202","author":"Luther, F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luther, F. \n \n TMD and occlusion part I. Damned if we do? Occlusion: the interface of dentistry and orthodontics. Br Dent J. 2007; 202: 38\u2013 39."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"319","article-title":"Malocclusion and temporomandibular disorder: a comparison of adolescents with moderate to severe dysfunction with those without signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and their further development to 30\u00a0years of age","volume":"74","author":"Mohlin, BO,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mohlin, BO, \n \n Derweduwen, K, \n \n Pilley, R, \n \n Kingdon, A, \n \n Shaw, WC, \n \n Kenealy, P. \n \n Malocclusion and temporomandibular disorder: a comparison of adolescents with moderate to severe dysfunction with those without signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and their further development to 30\u00a0years of age. Angle Orthod. 2004; 74: 319\u2013 327."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b20","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"14","article-title":"Fluctuation of temporomandibular disorders in accordance with two classifications: the Helkimo dysfunction index and treatment need grouping","volume":"55","author":"Alanen, P,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alanen, P, \n \n Kuttila, M, \n \n Le Bell, Y. \n \n Fluctuation of temporomandibular disorders in accordance with two classifications: the Helkimo dysfunction index and treatment need grouping. Acta Odontol Scand. 1997; 55: 14\u2013 17."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b21","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"156","article-title":"Association between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders in orthodontic patients before treatment","volume":"7","author":"Tanne, K,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tanne, K, \n \n Tanaka, E, \n \n Sakuda, M. \n \n Association between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders in orthodontic patients before treatment. J Orofac Pain. 1993; 7: 156\u2013 162."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b22","series-title":"J Craniomandib Disord","first-page":"265","article-title":"The role of functional occlusal relationships in temporomandibular disorders: a review","volume":"5","author":"Seligman, DA,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Seligman, DA, \n \n Pullinger, AG. \n \n The role of functional occlusal relationships in temporomandibular disorders: a review. J Craniomandib Disord. 1991; 5: 265\u2013 279."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b23","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"32","article-title":"Functional occlusion for the orthodontist","volume":"15","author":"Roth, RH.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Roth, RH. \n \n Functional occlusion for the orthodontist. J Clin Orthod. 1981; 15: 32\u2013 51."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"86","article-title":"Occlusion: understanding or misunderstanding","volume":"46","author":"Williamson, EH.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Williamson, EH. \n \n Occlusion: understanding or misunderstanding. Angle Orthod. 1976; 46: 86\u2013 93."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b25","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"368","article-title":"Correlation between centric relation\u2013maximum intercuspation discrepancy and temporomandibular joint dysfunction","volume":"68","author":"He, SS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"He, SS, \n \n Deng, X, \n \n Wamalwa, P, \n \n Chen, S. \n \n Correlation between centric relation\u2013maximum intercuspation discrepancy and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Acta Odontol Scand. 2010; 68: 368\u2013 376."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b26","series-title":"Dent Update","first-page":"194","article-title":"Occlusal splints and temporomandibular disorders: why, when, how","volume":"28","author":"Gray, RJ,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gray, RJ, \n \n Davies, SJ. \n \n Occlusal splints and temporomandibular disorders: why, when, how? Dent Update. 2001; 28: 194\u2013 199."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b01","series-title":"Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion","author":"Okeson, JP.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okeson, JP. \n \n Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2007."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b02","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"310","article-title":"A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35\u00a0years of age","volume":"14","author":"Magnusson, T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Magnusson, T, \n \n Egermark, I, \n \n Carlsson, GE. \n \n A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35\u00a0years of age. J Orofac Pain. 2000; 14: 310\u2013 319."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b03","series-title":"J Dent Educ","first-page":"1242","article-title":"Stabilization splint therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: a systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Al-Ani, Z,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Ani, Z, \n \n Gray, RJ, \n \n Davies, SJ, \n \n Sloan, P, \n \n Glenny, AM. \n \n Stabilization splint therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: a systematic review. J Dent Educ. 2005; 69: 1242\u2013 1250."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b04","series-title":"Cranio","first-page":"182","article-title":"MRI of TMJ in patients with severe skeletal malocclusion following surgical\/orthodontic treatment","volume":"26","author":"Rusanen, J,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rusanen, J, \n \n Pirttiniemi, P, \n \n Tervonen, O, \n \n Raustia, A. \n \n MRI of TMJ in patients with severe skeletal malocclusion following surgical\/orthodontic treatment. Cranio. 2008; 26: 182\u2013 190."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b05","series-title":"J Stomat Occ Med","first-page":"49","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of severe crowding malocclusion with temporomandibular joint closed-lock by means of multi-loop edgewise archwire: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Kawagoe, T,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kawagoe, T, \n \n Akimoto, S, \n \n Sato, S. \n \n Orthodontic treatment of severe crowding malocclusion with temporomandibular joint closed-lock by means of multi-loop edgewise archwire: a case report. J Stomat Occ Med. 2010; 3: 49\u2013 60."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b06","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"343","article-title":"Treatment outcome of appliance therapy in temporomandibular disorder patients with myofascial pain after 6 and 12\u00a0months","volume":"62","author":"Ekberg, E,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ekberg, E, \n \n Nilner, M. \n \n Treatment outcome of appliance therapy in temporomandibular disorder patients with myofascial pain after 6 and 12\u00a0months. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004; 62: 343\u2013 349."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b07","series-title":"Swed Dent J","first-page":"11","article-title":"Treatment effect on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders\u2014comparison between stabilization splint and a new type of splint (NTI). A pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Magnusson, T,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Magnusson, T, \n \n Adiels, AM, \n \n Nilsson, HL, \n \n Helkimo, M. \n \n Treatment effect on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders\u2014comparison between stabilization splint and a new type of splint (NTI). A pilot study. Swed Dent J. 2004; 28: 11\u2013 20."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b08","series-title":"Int J Prosthodont","first-page":"564","article-title":"A 6- and 12-month follow-up of appliance therapy in TMD patients: a follow-up of a controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Ekberg, E,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ekberg, E, \n \n Nilner, M. \n \n A 6- and 12-month follow-up of appliance therapy in TMD patients: a follow-up of a controlled trial. Int J Prosthodont. 2002; 15: 564\u2013 570."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b09","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Treatment of temporomandibular disorders by stabilizing splints in general dental practice: results after initial treatment","volume":"137","author":"Wassel, RW,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wassel, RW, \n \n Adams, N, \n \n Kelly, PJ. \n \n Treatment of temporomandibular disorders by stabilizing splints in general dental practice: results after initial treatment. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006; 137: 1089\u2013 1098."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b10","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"218","article-title":"Clinical comparison between two different splint designs for temporomandibular disorder therapy","volume":"63","author":"Jokstad, A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jokstad, A, \n \n Mo, A, \n \n Krogstad, BS. \n \n Clinical comparison between two different splint designs for temporomandibular disorder therapy. 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J Prosthet Dent. 2005; 94: 10\u2013 92."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b15","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"24","article-title":"Recent advances in temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain","volume":"122","author":"Fricton, JR.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fricton, JR. \n \n Recent advances in temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain. J Am Dent Assoc. 1991; 122: 24\u2013 32."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b16","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"54","article-title":"Predictors of outcome for treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"10","author":"Fricton, JR,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fricton, JR, \n \n Olsen, T. \n \n Predictors of outcome for treatment of temporomandibular disorders. 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J Craniomandib Disord. 1991; 5: 265\u2013 279."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b23","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"32","article-title":"Functional occlusion for the orthodontist","volume":"15","author":"Roth, RH.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Roth, RH. \n \n Functional occlusion for the orthodontist. J Clin Orthod. 1981; 15: 32\u2013 51."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"86","article-title":"Occlusion: understanding or misunderstanding","volume":"46","author":"Williamson, EH.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Williamson, EH. \n \n Occlusion: understanding or misunderstanding. Angle Orthod. 1976; 46: 86\u2013 93."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b25","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"368","article-title":"Correlation between centric relation\u2013maximum intercuspation discrepancy and temporomandibular joint dysfunction","volume":"68","author":"He, SS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"He, SS, \n \n Deng, X, \n \n Wamalwa, P, \n \n Chen, S. \n \n Correlation between centric relation\u2013maximum intercuspation discrepancy and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Acta Odontol Scand. 2010; 68: 368\u2013 376."},{"key":"angl-86-04-07-b26","series-title":"Dent Update","first-page":"194","article-title":"Occlusal splints and temporomandibular disorders: why, when, how","volume":"28","author":"Gray, RJ,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gray, RJ, \n \n Davies, SJ. \n \n Occlusal splints and temporomandibular disorders: why, when, how? 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