{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:50:34Z","timestamp":1790740234081,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare volumetric root resorption after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) between tooth-borne and tissue-borne appliances using CBCT. Repair in resorption cavities after 6 months of fixed retention was also compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A sample of 33 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Hyrax (n \u200a=\u200a16) and Haas (n\u200a=\u200a17). CBCT scans were taken 6 months before expansion, immediately after expansion, and 6 months after fixed retention. Mimics Innovation V 16.0 software was used for segmentation and volumetric measurement of 198 teeth. Bland-Altman plots, independent samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Friedman test were used for statistical analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in root resorption after RME and repair after retention were not significant between the hyrax and Haas appliances or between male and female. Significant differences were found between preexpansion and postexpansion root volumes in the first premolars and molars\u2014even in unattached second premolars. When the percentage of root volume loss is considered, no significant difference was found between the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar. Volumetric changes after 6 months of retention were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More resorption was observed in the Hyrax expander group. But it was not statistically significant. Repair was observed after 6 months of retention. Heavy RME forces affected premolars and molar similarly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/010515-007.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T11:37:01Z","timestamp":1432121821000},"page":"46-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Evaluation and comparison of root resorption between tooth-borne and tooth-tissue borne rapid maxillary expansion appliances: A CBCT study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Furkan","family":"Dindaro\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Servet","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"510","article-title":"Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the cranial and circummaxillary sutures","volume":"140","author":"Ghoneima\n              A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghoneima\n              A, \n            \n              Abdel-Fattah\n              E, \n            \n              Hartsfield\n              J, \n            \n              El-Bedwehi\n              A, \n            \n              Kamel\n              A, \n            \n              Kula\n              K. \n          \n          Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the cranial and circummaxillary sutures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:510\u2013519."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"221","article-title":"Reports of pain by children undergoing rapid palatal expansion","volume":"22","author":"Needleman\n              HL,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Needleman\n              HL, \n            \n              Hoang\n              CD, \n            \n              Allred\n              E, \n            et al\n          . Reports of pain by children undergoing rapid palatal expansion. 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Angle Orthod. 2003;73:12\u201320."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"194","article-title":"Arch perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion","volume":"97","author":"Adkins\n              MD,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Adkins\n              MD, \n            \n              Nanda\n              RS, \n            \n              Currier\n              GF. \n          \n          Arch perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:194\u2013199."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"488","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Baysal\n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baysal\n              A, \n            \n              Karadede\n              I, \n            \n              Hekimoglu\n              S, \n            et al\n          . Evaluation of root resorption following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:488\u2013494."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"The effect of palatal expansion therapy on the periodontal supporting tissues","volume":"81","author":"Greenbaum\n              K,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Greenbaum\n              K, \n            \n              Zachrisson\n              BU. \n          \n          The effect of palatal expansion therapy on the periodontal supporting tissues. 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Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:519\u2013528."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"148","article-title":"Frequency of and complications in the use of RPE appliances\u2014results of a survey in the federal state of Hesse, Germany","volume":"66","author":"Schuster\n              G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schuster\n              G, \n            \n              Borel-Scherf\n              I, \n            \n              Schopf\n              PM. \n          \n          Frequency of and complications in the use of RPE appliances\u2014results of a survey in the federal state of Hesse, Germany. J Orofac Orthop. 2005;66:148\u2013161."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Weltman\n              B,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman\n              B, \n            \n              Vig\n              KW, \n            \n              Fields\n              HW, \n            \n              Shanker\n              S, \n            \n              Kaizar\n              EE. \n          \n          Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:462\u2013476."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"66","article-title":"Apical root resorption is associated with comprehensive orthodontic treatment but not clearly dependent on prior tooth characteristics or orthodontic techniques","volume":"142","author":"Zahrowski\n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zahrowski\n              J, \n            \n              Jeske\n              A. \n          \n          Apical root resorption is associated with comprehensive orthodontic treatment but not clearly dependent on prior tooth characteristics or orthodontic techniques. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142:66\u201368."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"64","article-title":"Exploring the third dimension in root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Chan\n              EKM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan\n              EKM, \n            \n              Darendeliler\n              MA. \n          \n          Exploring the third dimension in root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2004;7:64\u201370."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment","volume":"18","author":"Pican\u00e7o\n              GV,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pican\u00e7o\n              GV, \n            \n              Freitas\n              KM, \n            \n              Can\u00e7ado\n              RH, \n            \n              Valarelli\n              FP, \n            \n              Pican\u00e7o\n              PR, \n            \n              Feij\u00e3o\n              CP. \n          \n          Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013;18:110\u2013120."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"J Appl Oral Sci","first-page":"108","article-title":"Efficacy of conventional and digital radiographic imaging methods for diagnosis of simulated external root resorption","volume":"12","author":"Westphalen\n              VP,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Westphalen\n              VP, \n            \n              Moraes\n              IG, \n            \n              Westphalen\n              FH. \n          \n          Efficacy of conventional and digital radiographic imaging methods for diagnosis of simulated external root resorption. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12:108\u2013112."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"185","article-title":"Assessment of root resorption and root shape: periapical vs panoramic films","volume":"71","author":"Sameshima\n              GT,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sameshima\n              GT, \n            \n              Asgarifar\n              KO. \n          \n          Assessment of root resorption and root shape: periapical vs panoramic films. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:185\u2013189."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Brit Dent J","first-page":"16","article-title":"Radiographic diagnosis of root resorption in relation to orthodontics","volume":"190","author":"Leach\n              HA,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Leach\n              HA, \n            \n              Ireland\n              AJ, \n            \n              Whaites\n              EJ. \n          \n          Radiographic diagnosis of root resorption in relation to orthodontics. Brit Dent J. 1989;190:16\u201322."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e60962","article-title":"Volumetric measurement of root resorption following molar mini-screw implant intrusion using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"8","author":"Li\n              W,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li\n              W, \n            \n              Chen\n              F, \n            \n              Zhang\n              F, \n            et al\n          . Volumetric measurement of root resorption following molar mini-screw implant intrusion using cone beam computed tomography. 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Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42:2013;0070;"},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"206","article-title":"Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography","volume":"14","author":"Wang\n              Y,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang\n              Y, \n            \n              He\n              S, \n            \n              Yu\n              L, \n            \n              Li\n              J, \n            \n              Chen\n              S. \n          \n          Accuracy of volumetric measurement of teeth in vivo based on cone beam computer tomography. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:206\u2013212."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"3S","article-title":"Operational principles for cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"141","author":"Hatcher\n              DC.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hatcher\n              DC. \n          \n          Operational principles for cone-beam computed tomography. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141:3S\u20136S."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"233","article-title":"Influence of voxel size in the diagnostic ability of cone beam tomography to evaluate simulated external root resorption","volume":"35","author":"Liedke\n              GS,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liedke\n              GS, \n            \n              da Silveira\n              HE, \n            \n              da Silveira\n              HL, \n            \n              Dutra\n              V, \n            \n              de Figueiredo\n              JA. \n          \n          Influence of voxel size in the diagnostic ability of cone beam tomography to evaluate simulated external root resorption. J Endod. 2009;35:233\u2013235."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"354","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of morphologic changes of the maxilla: a comparison of 2 kinds of palatal expanders","volume":"126","author":"Oliveira\n              NL,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oliveira\n              NL, \n            \n              Da Silveira\n              AC, \n            \n              Kusnoto\n              B, \n            \n              Viana\n              G. \n          \n          Three-dimensional assessment of morphologic changes of the maxilla: a comparison of 2 kinds of palatal expanders. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:354\u2013362."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"366","article-title":"Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion with Haas-type and hyrax-type expanders: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Weissheimer\n              A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weissheimer\n              A, \n            \n              de Menezes\n              LM, \n            \n              Mezomo\n              M, \n            \n              Dias\n              DM, \n            \n              De Lima\n              EM, \n            \n              Rizzatto\n              SM. \n          \n          Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion with Haas-type and hyrax-type expanders: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:366\u2013376."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"257","article-title":"The biomechanics of rapid maxillary sutural expansion","volume":"118","author":"Braun\n              S,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Braun\n              S, \n            \n              Bottrel\n              JA, \n            \n              Lee\n              KG, \n            \n              Lunazzi\n              JJ, \n            \n              Legan\n              HL. \n          \n          The biomechanics of rapid maxillary sutural expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:257\u2013261."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"200","article-title":"The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture","volume":"35","author":"Haas\n              AJ.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Haas\n              AJ. \n          \n          The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:200\u2013217."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"8","article-title":"Skeletal effects to the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion assessed with cone\u2013beam computed tomography","volume":"134","author":"Garrett\n              BJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garrett\n              BJ, \n            \n              Caruso\n              JM, \n            \n              Rungcharassaeng\n              K, \n            \n              Farrage\n              JR, \n            \n              Kim\n              JS, \n            \n              Taylor\n              GD. \n          \n          Skeletal effects to the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion assessed with cone\u2013beam computed tomography. 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Repair of root resorption 4 and 8 weeks after the application of continuous light and heavy forces for 4 weeks:a microcomputed-tomography study; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:320 e1\u2013e10."},{"key":"r34","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"169","article-title":"Accuracy of volumetric measurement of simulated root resorption lacunas based on cone beam computed tomography","volume":"16","author":"Wang\n              Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang\n              Y, \n            \n              He\n              S, \n            \n              Guo\n              Y, \n            \n              Wang\n              S, \n            \n              Chen\n              S. \n          \n          Accuracy of volumetric measurement of simulated root resorption lacunas based on cone beam computed tomography. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:510\u2013519."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"221","article-title":"Reports of pain by children undergoing rapid palatal expansion","volume":"22","author":"Needleman\n              HL,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Needleman\n              HL, \n            \n              Hoang\n              CD, \n            \n              Allred\n              E, \n            et al\n          . Reports of pain by children undergoing rapid palatal expansion. 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J Orofac Orthop. 2005;66:148\u2013161."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Weltman\n              B,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weltman\n              B, \n            \n              Vig\n              KW, \n            \n              Fields\n              HW, \n            \n              Shanker\n              S, \n            \n              Kaizar\n              EE. \n          \n          Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:462\u2013476."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"66","article-title":"Apical root resorption is associated with comprehensive orthodontic treatment but not clearly dependent on prior tooth characteristics or orthodontic techniques","volume":"142","author":"Zahrowski\n              J,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zahrowski\n              J, \n            \n              Jeske\n              A. \n          \n          Apical root resorption is associated with comprehensive orthodontic treatment but not clearly dependent on prior tooth characteristics or orthodontic techniques. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142:66\u201368."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"64","article-title":"Exploring the third dimension in root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Chan\n              EKM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan\n              EKM, \n            \n              Darendeliler\n              MA. \n          \n          Exploring the third dimension in root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2004;7:64\u201370."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment","volume":"18","author":"Pican\u00e7o\n              GV,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pican\u00e7o\n              GV, \n            \n              Freitas\n              KM, \n            \n              Can\u00e7ado\n              RH, \n            \n              Valarelli\n              FP, \n            \n              Pican\u00e7o\n              PR, \n            \n              Feij\u00e3o\n              CP. \n          \n          Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment. 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