{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:31:43Z","timestamp":1790555503241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To determine the relationship between anterior occlusion and frontal sinus size.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The patient database at the Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, was searched for male patients older than 15 years and females older than 13 years of age. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants' photos and lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior radiographs were examined then classified into a control class I group (n = 20, 15.7 \u00b1 2.7 years) and eight malocclusion groups (n = 136, 16.1 \u00b1 2.1 years). The frontal sinus area on the lateral cephalometric radiograph and on the posteroanterior radiograph were measured and compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n One-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant difference among all nine groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0001). Pairwise comparison showed a significant difference between the class I group and all other malocclusion groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) except the edge-to-edge group for both radiographs and except the bimaxillary protrusion group for the lateral cephalometric radiographs. Tukey's method was not able to demonstrate a significant difference among the subgroups of skeletal malocclusions (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05). Linear regression analyses with stepwise model selection demonstrated that anterior cranial base, mandibular plane angle, and upper incisor inclination commonly have a significant effect on frontal sinus size.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The frontal sinus size could be used as an indicator of harmonious anterior occlusion. There were no differences among the subgroups of each skeletal malocclusion. The anterior cranial base, facial height, and maxillary incisor inclination appear to have a significant effect on frontal sinus size.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/010617-18.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T13:07:44Z","timestamp":1497618464000},"page":"752-758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Relationship between anterior occlusion and frontal sinus size"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Omar T.","family":"Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, N.Y."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Emile","family":"Rossouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, N.Y."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard S.","family":"Fishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, N.Y."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b01","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"1414","article-title":"Independence of biomechanical forces and craniofacial pneumatization in Cebus","volume":"291","author":"Rae \n TC,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rae \n TC, \n \n \n Koppe \n T. \n \n \n Independence of biomechanical forces and craniofacial pneumatization in Cebus. Anat Rec. 2008;291:1414\u20131419."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b02","series-title":"Anthrop Anz","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pneumatized spaces, sinuses and spongy bones in the skulls of primates","volume":"60","author":"Preuschoft \n H,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Preuschoft \n H, \n \n \n Witte \n H, \n \n \n Witzel \n U. \n \n \n Pneumatized spaces, sinuses and spongy bones in the skulls of primates. Anthrop Anz. 2002;60:67\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b03","series-title":"Zoo Anz","first-page":"103","article-title":"The bony roof of the nose in humans and other primates","volume":"238","author":"Witzel \n U,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Witzel \n U, \n \n \n Preuschoft \n H. \n \n \n The bony roof of the nose in humans and other primates. Zoo Anz. 1999;238:103\u2013115."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b04","series-title":"Anthrop Anz","first-page":"113","article-title":"Function-dependent shape characteristics of the human skull","volume":"60","author":"Witzel \n U,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Witzel \n U, \n \n \n Preuschoft \n H. \n \n \n Function-dependent shape characteristics of the human skull. Anthrop Anz. 2002;60:113\u2013135."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b05","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"620","article-title":"The relationship between surgical changes in dentofacial morphology and changes in maximum bite force","volume":"59","author":"Throckmorton \n GS,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Throckmorton \n GS, \n \n \n Ellis \n E. \n \n \n The relationship between surgical changes in dentofacial morphology and changes in maximum bite force. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;59:620\u2013627."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b06","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"103","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway space and frontal and sphenoid sinus changes after maxillomandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation for class II anterior open bite malocclusions","volume":"41","author":"Prado \n FB,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prado \n FB, \n \n \n Rossi \n AC, \n \n \n Freire \n AR, \n \n \n Groppo \n FC, \n \n \n De Moraes \n M, \n \n \n Caria \n PH. \n \n \n Pharyngeal airway space and frontal and sphenoid sinus changes after maxillomandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation for class II anterior open bite malocclusions. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012;41:103\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b07","series-title":"Head Neck Surg","first-page":"301","article-title":"Paranasal sinus radiology, part IA: introduction and the frontal sinuses","volume":"4","author":"Dolan \n KD.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dolan \n KD. \n \n \n Paranasal sinus radiology, part IA: introduction and the frontal sinuses. Head Neck Surg. 1982;4:301\u2013311."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"476","article-title":"Frontal sinus development as an indicator for somatic maturity at puberty?","volume":"110","author":"Ruf \n S,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ruf \n S, \n \n \n Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n Frontal sinus development as an indicator for somatic maturity at puberty?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:476\u2013482."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b09","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"161","article-title":"Relationships between the frontal sinus and climatic conditions: a skeletal approach to cold adaptation","volume":"37","author":"Koertvelyessy \n T.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Koertvelyessy \n T. \n \n \n Relationships between the frontal sinus and climatic conditions: a skeletal approach to cold adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1972;37:161\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b10","series-title":"Int J Med Med Sci","first-page":"399","article-title":"Volumetric measurements and anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses of Africans (Nigerians) using dry crania","volume":"3","author":"Amusa \n YB,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amusa \n YB, \n \n \n Eziyi \n JA, \n \n \n Akinlade \n O, \n \n et al. \n Volumetric measurements and anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses of Africans (Nigerians) using dry crania. Int J Med Med Sci. 2011;3:399\u2013403."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b11","series-title":"Int J Ped Otorhinol","first-page":"25","article-title":"The paranasal sinuses in CT-imaging: development from birth to age 25","volume":"39","author":"Spaeth \n J,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spaeth \n J, \n \n \n Kr\u00fcgelstein \n U, \n \n \n Schl\u00f6ndorff \n G. \n \n \n The paranasal sinuses in CT-imaging: development from birth to age 25. Int J Ped Otorhinol. 1997;39:25\u201340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b12","series-title":"Ann Hum Biol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Enlargement of the frontal sinus","volume":"11","author":"Brown \n WA,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Brown \n WA, \n \n \n Molleson \n TI, \n \n \n Chinn \n S. \n \n \n Enlargement of the frontal sinus. Ann Hum Biol. 1984;11:221\u2013226."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"542","article-title":"The frontal sinus and mandibular growth prediction","volume":"100","author":"Rossouw \n PE,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rossouw \n PE, \n \n \n Lombard \n CJ, \n \n \n Harris \n AM. \n \n \n The frontal sinus and mandibular growth prediction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:542\u2013546."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b14","series-title":"Orthod Fr","first-page":"265","article-title":"Correlations between the volume of the sinuses and the facial bones and parameters of 3D cephalometry","volume":"78","author":"Dah-Jouonzo \n H,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dah-Jouonzo \n H, \n \n \n Baron \n P, \n \n \n Faure \n J. \n \n \n Correlations between the volume of the sinuses and the facial bones and parameters of 3D cephalometry. Orthod Fr. 2007;78:265\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effect of film-object distance on posteroanterior cephalometric measurements: suggestions for standardized cephalometric methods","volume":"108","author":"Ghafari \n J,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ghafari \n J, \n \n \n Cater \n PE, \n \n \n Shofer \n FS. \n \n \n Effect of film-object distance on posteroanterior cephalometric measurements: suggestions for standardized cephalometric methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:30\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians","volume":"64","author":"Frost \n HM.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frost \n HM. \n \n \n Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. Angle Orthod. 1994;64:175\u2013188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b17","series-title":"J Oral Rehab","first-page":"684","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the facial skeleton on simulated occlusal loading","volume":"28","author":"Gross \n MD,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gross \n MD, \n \n \n Arbel \n G, \n \n \n Hershkovitz \n I. \n \n \n Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the facial skeleton on simulated occlusal loading. J Oral Rehab. 2001;28:684\u2013694."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"659","article-title":"Masseter muscle volume measured using ultrasonography and its relationship with facial morphology","volume":"21","author":"Benington \n PC,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Benington \n PC, \n \n \n Gardener \n JE, \n \n \n Hunt \n NP. \n \n \n Masseter muscle volume measured using ultrasonography and its relationship with facial morphology. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21:659\u2013670."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthodontics","first-page":"437","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York","volume":"51","author":"Ast \n DB,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ast \n DB, \n \n \n Carlos \n JP, \n \n \n Cons \n NC. \n \n \n The prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York. Am J Orthodontics. 1965;51:437\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b20","series-title":"Open J Epidemiol","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hardy \n DK,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hardy \n DK, \n \n \n Cubas \n YP, \n \n \n Orellana \n MF. \n \n \n Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open J Epidemiol. 2012;2:75\u201382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"604","article-title":"Condyle-fossa modifications and muscle interactions during Herbst treatment, part 1. New technological methods","volume":"123","author":"Voudouris \n JC,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Voudouris \n JC, \n \n \n Woodside \n DG, \n \n \n Altuna \n G, \n \n \n Kuftinec \n MM, \n \n \n Angelopoulos \n G, \n \n \n Bourque \n PJ. \n \n \n Condyle-fossa modifications and muscle interactions during Herbst treatment, part 1. New technological methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:604\u2013613."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b01","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"1414","article-title":"Independence of biomechanical forces and craniofacial pneumatization in Cebus","volume":"291","author":"Rae \n TC,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rae \n TC, \n \n \n Koppe \n T. \n \n \n Independence of biomechanical forces and craniofacial pneumatization in Cebus. Anat Rec. 2008;291:1414\u20131419."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b02","series-title":"Anthrop Anz","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pneumatized spaces, sinuses and spongy bones in the skulls of primates","volume":"60","author":"Preuschoft \n H,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Preuschoft \n H, \n \n \n Witte \n H, \n \n \n Witzel \n U. \n \n \n Pneumatized spaces, sinuses and spongy bones in the skulls of primates. Anthrop Anz. 2002;60:67\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b03","series-title":"Zoo Anz","first-page":"103","article-title":"The bony roof of the nose in humans and other primates","volume":"238","author":"Witzel \n U,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Witzel \n U, \n \n \n Preuschoft \n H. \n \n \n The bony roof of the nose in humans and other primates. Zoo Anz. 1999;238:103\u2013115."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b04","series-title":"Anthrop Anz","first-page":"113","article-title":"Function-dependent shape characteristics of the human skull","volume":"60","author":"Witzel \n U,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Witzel \n U, \n \n \n Preuschoft \n H. \n \n \n Function-dependent shape characteristics of the human skull. Anthrop Anz. 2002;60:113\u2013135."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b05","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"620","article-title":"The relationship between surgical changes in dentofacial morphology and changes in maximum bite force","volume":"59","author":"Throckmorton \n GS,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Throckmorton \n GS, \n \n \n Ellis \n E. \n \n \n The relationship between surgical changes in dentofacial morphology and changes in maximum bite force. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;59:620\u2013627."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b06","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"103","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway space and frontal and sphenoid sinus changes after maxillomandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation for class II anterior open bite malocclusions","volume":"41","author":"Prado \n FB,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prado \n FB, \n \n \n Rossi \n AC, \n \n \n Freire \n AR, \n \n \n Groppo \n FC, \n \n \n De Moraes \n M, \n \n \n Caria \n PH. \n \n \n Pharyngeal airway space and frontal and sphenoid sinus changes after maxillomandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation for class II anterior open bite malocclusions. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012;41:103\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b07","series-title":"Head Neck Surg","first-page":"301","article-title":"Paranasal sinus radiology, part IA: introduction and the frontal sinuses","volume":"4","author":"Dolan \n KD.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dolan \n KD. \n \n \n Paranasal sinus radiology, part IA: introduction and the frontal sinuses. Head Neck Surg. 1982;4:301\u2013311."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"476","article-title":"Frontal sinus development as an indicator for somatic maturity at puberty?","volume":"110","author":"Ruf \n S,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ruf \n S, \n \n \n Pancherz \n H. \n \n \n Frontal sinus development as an indicator for somatic maturity at puberty?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:476\u2013482."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b09","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"161","article-title":"Relationships between the frontal sinus and climatic conditions: a skeletal approach to cold adaptation","volume":"37","author":"Koertvelyessy \n T.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Koertvelyessy \n T. \n \n \n Relationships between the frontal sinus and climatic conditions: a skeletal approach to cold adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1972;37:161\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b10","series-title":"Int J Med Med Sci","first-page":"399","article-title":"Volumetric measurements and anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses of Africans (Nigerians) using dry crania","volume":"3","author":"Amusa \n YB,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amusa \n YB, \n \n \n Eziyi \n JA, \n \n \n Akinlade \n O, \n \n et al. \n Volumetric measurements and anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses of Africans (Nigerians) using dry crania. Int J Med Med Sci. 2011;3:399\u2013403."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b11","series-title":"Int J Ped Otorhinol","first-page":"25","article-title":"The paranasal sinuses in CT-imaging: development from birth to age 25","volume":"39","author":"Spaeth \n J,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spaeth \n J, \n \n \n Kr\u00fcgelstein \n U, \n \n \n Schl\u00f6ndorff \n G. \n \n \n The paranasal sinuses in CT-imaging: development from birth to age 25. Int J Ped Otorhinol. 1997;39:25\u201340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b12","series-title":"Ann Hum Biol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Enlargement of the frontal sinus","volume":"11","author":"Brown \n WA,","year":"1984","unstructured":"Brown \n WA, \n \n \n Molleson \n TI, \n \n \n Chinn \n S. \n \n \n Enlargement of the frontal sinus. Ann Hum Biol. 1984;11:221\u2013226."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"542","article-title":"The frontal sinus and mandibular growth prediction","volume":"100","author":"Rossouw \n PE,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rossouw \n PE, \n \n \n Lombard \n CJ, \n \n \n Harris \n AM. \n \n \n The frontal sinus and mandibular growth prediction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:542\u2013546."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b14","series-title":"Orthod Fr","first-page":"265","article-title":"Correlations between the volume of the sinuses and the facial bones and parameters of 3D cephalometry","volume":"78","author":"Dah-Jouonzo \n H,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dah-Jouonzo \n H, \n \n \n Baron \n P, \n \n \n Faure \n J. \n \n \n Correlations between the volume of the sinuses and the facial bones and parameters of 3D cephalometry. Orthod Fr. 2007;78:265\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effect of film-object distance on posteroanterior cephalometric measurements: suggestions for standardized cephalometric methods","volume":"108","author":"Ghafari \n J,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ghafari \n J, \n \n \n Cater \n PE, \n \n \n Shofer \n FS. \n \n \n Effect of film-object distance on posteroanterior cephalometric measurements: suggestions for standardized cephalometric methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:30\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians","volume":"64","author":"Frost \n HM.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frost \n HM. \n \n \n Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. Angle Orthod. 1994;64:175\u2013188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b17","series-title":"J Oral Rehab","first-page":"684","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the facial skeleton on simulated occlusal loading","volume":"28","author":"Gross \n MD,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gross \n MD, \n \n \n Arbel \n G, \n \n \n Hershkovitz \n I. \n \n \n Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the facial skeleton on simulated occlusal loading. J Oral Rehab. 2001;28:684\u2013694."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"659","article-title":"Masseter muscle volume measured using ultrasonography and its relationship with facial morphology","volume":"21","author":"Benington \n PC,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Benington \n PC, \n \n \n Gardener \n JE, \n \n \n Hunt \n NP. \n \n \n Masseter muscle volume measured using ultrasonography and its relationship with facial morphology. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21:659\u2013670."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthodontics","first-page":"437","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York","volume":"51","author":"Ast \n DB,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ast \n DB, \n \n \n Carlos \n JP, \n \n \n Cons \n NC. \n \n \n The prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York. Am J Orthodontics. 1965;51:437\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b20","series-title":"Open J Epidemiol","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hardy \n DK,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hardy \n DK, \n \n \n Cubas \n YP, \n \n \n Orellana \n MF. \n \n \n Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open J Epidemiol. 2012;2:75\u201382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-752-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"604","article-title":"Condyle-fossa modifications and muscle interactions during Herbst treatment, part 1. New technological methods","volume":"123","author":"Voudouris \n JC,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Voudouris \n JC, \n \n \n Woodside \n DG, \n \n \n Altuna \n G, \n \n \n Kuftinec \n MM, \n \n \n Angelopoulos \n G, \n \n \n Bourque \n PJ. \n \n \n Condyle-fossa modifications and muscle interactions during Herbst treatment, part 1. New technological methods. 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