{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:18:15Z","timestamp":1784197095589,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the hypothesis that the sagittal position of the anterior teeth has no effect on pharyngeal airway dimension or hyoid bone position and to investigate the influence of orthodontic retraction of the anterior teeth on each section of pharynx and hyoid position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-four Class I bimaxillary protrusion adults, treated with preadjusted appliances and maximum anchorage after extraction of four premolars, were divided into two groups according to their vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns. Pretreatment and posttreatment variables were compared using paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, and the relationship between pharyngeal airway size and dentofacial variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. The changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid position after treatment were compared between two groups using independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Upon retraction of the incisors, the upper and lower lips were retracted by 2.60\u00a0mm and 3.87\u00a0mm, respectively. The tip of upper incisor was retracted by 6.84\u00a0mm and lower incisor retracted by 4.95\u00a0mm. There was significant decrease in SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, TB-TPPW, V-LPW, VAL, C3H, and SH (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). No statistically significant different changes were observed in the dentofacial structures, pharyngeal airway, and hyoid position between the two groups after the treatment. There was a significant correlation between the retraction distance of lower incisor and the airway behind the soft palate, uvula, and tongue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pharyngeal airway size became narrower after the treatment. Extraction of four premolars with retraction of incisors did affect velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and hyoid position in bimaxillary protrusive adult patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/011011-13.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T14:41:24Z","timestamp":1311777684000},"page":"115-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid bone position following orthodontic treatment of Class I bimaxillary protrusion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Qingzhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; and Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, College of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peizeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina K.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Instructor, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Mass"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, College of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuxiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"283","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of micro-implant and headgear anchorage used with a pre-adjusted appliance system.","volume":"30","author":"Ma, J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ma, J., L.Wang, W.Zhang, W.Chen, C.Zhao, and R. J.Smales. Comparative evaluation of micro-implant and headgear anchorage used with a pre-adjusted appliance system.Eur J Orthod2008. 30:283\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"304","article-title":"The effect of anterior tooth retraction on lip position of orthodontically treated adult Indonesians.","volume":"120","author":"Kusnoto, J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kusnoto, J. and H.Kusnoto. The effect of anterior tooth retraction on lip position of orthodontically treated adult Indonesians.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2001. 120:304\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"Skeletal and soft tissue point A and B changes following orthodontic treatment of Nepalese Class I bimaxillary protrusive patients.","volume":"80","author":"Sharma, J. N.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma, J. N.\n          \n          Skeletal and soft tissue point A and B changes following orthodontic treatment of Nepalese Class I bimaxillary protrusive patients.\n          Angle Orthod\n          2010. 80:91\u201396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b04","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami, M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami, M., K.Yamamoto, M.Fujimoto, K.Ohgi, M.Inoue, and T.Kirita. Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2005. 33:107\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"426","article-title":"Correlation between skeletal changes by maxillary protraction and upper airway dimensions.","volume":"81","author":"Lee, J. W.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, J. W., K. H.Park, S. H.Kim, Y. G.Park, and S. J.Kim. Correlation between skeletal changes by maxillary protraction and upper airway dimensions.Angle Orthod2011. 81:426\u2013432."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"Evaluation of cervical posture following palatal expansion: a 12-month follow-up controlled study.","volume":"29","author":"Tecco, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tecco, S., S.Caputi, and F.Festa. Evaluation of cervical posture following palatal expansion: a 12-month follow-up controlled study.Eur J Orthod2007. 29:45\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns.","volume":"81","author":"Ucara, F. I.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ucara, F. I. and T.Uysal. Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns.Angle Orthod2011. 81:460\u2013468."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"805","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology.","volume":"136","author":"Grauer, D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grauer, D., J. S. H.Cevidanes, M. A.Styner, J. L.Ackerman, and W. R.Proffit. Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 136:805\u2013814."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Effects of extraction versus non-extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway volume.","volume":"80","author":"Valiathan, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valiathan, M., H.El, M. G.Hans, and M. J.Palomo. Effects of extraction versus non-extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway volume.Angle Orthod2010. 80:1068\u20131074."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions in non-extraction, extraction with minimum anchorage, and extraction with maximum anchorage.","author":"Germec-Cakan, D.","year":"2010 Nov 30","unstructured":"Germec-Cakan, D., T.Taner, and S.Akan. Uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions in non-extraction, extraction with minimum anchorage, and extraction with maximum anchorage.Eur J Orthod2010 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"653","article-title":"Cephalometric comparisons of craniofacial and upper airway structure by skeletal subtype and gender in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"110","author":"Lowe, A. A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lowe, A. A., T.Ono, K. A.Ferguson, E. K.Pae, C. F.Ryan, and J. A.Fleetham. Cephalometric comparisons of craniofacial and upper airway structure by skeletal subtype and gender in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 110:653\u2013664."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"248","article-title":"Effects of a mandibular repositioner on obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"118","author":"Liu, Y.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu, Y., X.Zeng, M.Fu, X.Huang, and A. A.Lowe. Effects of a mandibular repositioner on obstructive sleep apnea.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2000. 118:248\u2013256."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"267","article-title":"A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in nonsnoring Chinese children.","volume":"80","author":"Zhong, Z.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhong, Z., Z.Tang, X.Gao, and X. L.Zeng. A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in nonsnoring Chinese children.Angle Orthod2010. 80:267\u2013274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"382","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.","volume":"83","author":"Houston, W. J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston, W. J.\n          \n          The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1983. 83:382\u2013390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b15","series-title":"Chin J Cardiol","first-page":"643","article-title":"Chinese Journal of Cardiology Editorial Board. Highlights of the Second National Conference on Dyslipidemia.","volume":"30","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chinese Medical Association Subsection of Cardiovascular Disease\n          \n          Chinese Journal of Cardiology Editorial Board. Highlights of the Second National Conference on Dyslipidemia.\n          Chin J Cardiol\n          2002. 30:643\u2013646. ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b16","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"69","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults.","volume":"37","author":"Marsan, G.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marsan, G., S.Vasfi Kuvat, E.Oztas, N.Cura, Z.Susal, and U.Emekli. Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2009. 37:69\u201373."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"193","article-title":"Growth behavior of the hyoid bone.","volume":"32","author":"Durzo, C. A.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Durzo, C. A. and A. G.Brodie. Growth behavior of the hyoid bone.Angle Orthod1962. 32:193\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"282","article-title":"Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery.","volume":"58","author":"Tselnik, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tselnik, M. and M. A.Pogrel. Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2000. 58:282\u2013285."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b19","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"228","article-title":"A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects.","volume":"37","author":"Muto, T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muto, T., A.Yamazaki, and S.Takeda. A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg2008. 37:228\u2013231."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"433","article-title":"Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study.","volume":"81","author":"Piril\u00e4-Parkkinen, K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Piril\u00e4-Parkkinen, K., H.L\u00f6pp\u00f6nen, P.Nieminen, U.Tolonen, E.P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6, and P.Pirttiniemi. Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study.Angle Orthod2011. 81:433\u2013439."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b21","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"3","article-title":"The reliability of upper airway landmark identification.","volume":"14","author":"Miles, P. G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miles, P. G., M.O'Reilly, and J.Close. The reliability of upper airway landmark identification.Aust Orthod J1995. 14:3\u20136."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"283","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of micro-implant and headgear anchorage used with a pre-adjusted appliance system.","volume":"30","author":"Ma, J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ma, J., L.Wang, W.Zhang, W.Chen, C.Zhao, and R. J.Smales. Comparative evaluation of micro-implant and headgear anchorage used with a pre-adjusted appliance system.Eur J Orthod2008. 30:283\u2013287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"304","article-title":"The effect of anterior tooth retraction on lip position of orthodontically treated adult Indonesians.","volume":"120","author":"Kusnoto, J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kusnoto, J. and H.Kusnoto. The effect of anterior tooth retraction on lip position of orthodontically treated adult Indonesians.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2001. 120:304\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"Skeletal and soft tissue point A and B changes following orthodontic treatment of Nepalese Class I bimaxillary protrusive patients.","volume":"80","author":"Sharma, J. N.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma, J. N.\n          \n          Skeletal and soft tissue point A and B changes following orthodontic treatment of Nepalese Class I bimaxillary protrusive patients.\n          Angle Orthod\n          2010. 80:91\u201396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b04","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami, M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami, M., K.Yamamoto, M.Fujimoto, K.Ohgi, M.Inoue, and T.Kirita. Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2005. 33:107\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"426","article-title":"Correlation between skeletal changes by maxillary protraction and upper airway dimensions.","volume":"81","author":"Lee, J. W.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, J. W., K. H.Park, S. H.Kim, Y. G.Park, and S. J.Kim. Correlation between skeletal changes by maxillary protraction and upper airway dimensions.Angle Orthod2011. 81:426\u2013432."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"Evaluation of cervical posture following palatal expansion: a 12-month follow-up controlled study.","volume":"29","author":"Tecco, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tecco, S., S.Caputi, and F.Festa. Evaluation of cervical posture following palatal expansion: a 12-month follow-up controlled study.Eur J Orthod2007. 29:45\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns.","volume":"81","author":"Ucara, F. I.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ucara, F. I. and T.Uysal. Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns.Angle Orthod2011. 81:460\u2013468."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"805","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology.","volume":"136","author":"Grauer, D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grauer, D., J. S. H.Cevidanes, M. A.Styner, J. L.Ackerman, and W. R.Proffit. Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2009. 136:805\u2013814."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Effects of extraction versus non-extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway volume.","volume":"80","author":"Valiathan, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valiathan, M., H.El, M. G.Hans, and M. J.Palomo. Effects of extraction versus non-extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway volume.Angle Orthod2010. 80:1068\u20131074."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions in non-extraction, extraction with minimum anchorage, and extraction with maximum anchorage.","author":"Germec-Cakan, D.","year":"2010 Nov 30","unstructured":"Germec-Cakan, D., T.Taner, and S.Akan. Uvulo-glossopharyngeal dimensions in non-extraction, extraction with minimum anchorage, and extraction with maximum anchorage.Eur J Orthod2010 Nov 30. [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"653","article-title":"Cephalometric comparisons of craniofacial and upper airway structure by skeletal subtype and gender in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"110","author":"Lowe, A. A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lowe, A. A., T.Ono, K. A.Ferguson, E. K.Pae, C. F.Ryan, and J. A.Fleetham. Cephalometric comparisons of craniofacial and upper airway structure by skeletal subtype and gender in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 110:653\u2013664."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"248","article-title":"Effects of a mandibular repositioner on obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"118","author":"Liu, Y.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu, Y., X.Zeng, M.Fu, X.Huang, and A. A.Lowe. Effects of a mandibular repositioner on obstructive sleep apnea.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2000. 118:248\u2013256."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"267","article-title":"A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in nonsnoring Chinese children.","volume":"80","author":"Zhong, Z.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhong, Z., Z.Tang, X.Gao, and X. L.Zeng. A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in nonsnoring Chinese children.Angle Orthod2010. 80:267\u2013274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"382","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.","volume":"83","author":"Houston, W. J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston, W. J.\n          \n          The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1983. 83:382\u2013390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b15","series-title":"Chin J Cardiol","first-page":"643","article-title":"Chinese Journal of Cardiology Editorial Board. Highlights of the Second National Conference on Dyslipidemia.","volume":"30","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chinese Medical Association Subsection of Cardiovascular Disease\n          \n          Chinese Journal of Cardiology Editorial Board. Highlights of the Second National Conference on Dyslipidemia.\n          Chin J Cardiol\n          2002. 30:643\u2013646. ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b16","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"69","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults.","volume":"37","author":"Marsan, G.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marsan, G., S.Vasfi Kuvat, E.Oztas, N.Cura, Z.Susal, and U.Emekli. Oropharyngeal airway changes following bimaxillary surgery in Class III female adults.J Craniomaxillofac Surg2009. 37:69\u201373."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"193","article-title":"Growth behavior of the hyoid bone.","volume":"32","author":"Durzo, C. A.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Durzo, C. A. and A. G.Brodie. Growth behavior of the hyoid bone.Angle Orthod1962. 32:193\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b18","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"282","article-title":"Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery.","volume":"58","author":"Tselnik, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tselnik, M. and M. A.Pogrel. Assessment of the pharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery.J Oral Maxillofac Surg2000. 58:282\u2013285."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b19","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"228","article-title":"A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects.","volume":"37","author":"Muto, T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muto, T., A.Yamazaki, and S.Takeda. A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg2008. 37:228\u2013231."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"433","article-title":"Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study.","volume":"81","author":"Piril\u00e4-Parkkinen, K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Piril\u00e4-Parkkinen, K., H.L\u00f6pp\u00f6nen, P.Nieminen, U.Tolonen, E.P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6, and P.Pirttiniemi. Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study.Angle Orthod2011. 81:433\u2013439."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-115-b21","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"3","article-title":"The reliability of upper airway landmark identification.","volume":"14","author":"Miles, P. G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miles, P. G., M.O'Reilly, and J.Close. The reliability of upper airway landmark identification.Aust Orthod J1995. 14:3\u20136."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/82\/1\/115\/2191056\/011011-13_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:56:01Z","timestamp":1780070161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/1\/article-p115.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/011011-13.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}