{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:06:32Z","timestamp":1780070792014,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To compare external root resorption (ERR) when bands and wires are used as orthodontic anchorage during rapid maxillary expansion (RME).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n Histologic analysis was performed on 108 sites from 18 maxillary first premolars and on 36 sites from six mandibular first premolars in nine subjects (mean age\u200a=\u200a15.2 \u00b1 1.4 years) 3 months after RME. Maxillary teeth were pooled into two groups (n\u200a=\u200a54 each) according to the type of orthodontic anchorage (band group [BG] vs wire group [WG]). Anchorage type was randomly chosen in a split-mouth design. Mandibular first premolars, which were not subjected to orthodontic forces, were used as the control group (CG).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n All premolars in the BG and WG showed ERR at the level of the cementum and dentin. Repair with cementum cells was observed in all resorption areas, but complete repair was rarely found. No statistically significant difference was found between the BG and WG with regard to the ERR. No association was found between the root height position (middle or cervical third) and the incidence of ERR. Buccal root surfaces showed a higher amount of ERR compared with the palatal and interproximal surfaces. ERR was not found in any teeth in the CG.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n All maxillary first premolars subjected to RME showed ERR and partial cementum repair. Banded teeth did not develop more ERR than nonbanded anchorage teeth.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/011015-20.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1430736888000},"page":"39-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Rapid maxillary expansion: Do banded teeth develop more external root resorption than non-banded anchorage teeth?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"D\u00e9bora C","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Currently serving the Brazilian Army Dental Service, Manaus, Brazil; Former Orthodontic Resident, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Q","family":"Souki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula L","family":"Cheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Currently serving the Brazilian Army Dental Service, Manaus, Brazil; Former Orthodontic Resident, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerluza A.B","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor of Histology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor D.G","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedicine undergraduate student, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dauro D","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor of Endodontics, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Dent Cosmet","first-page":"540","article-title":"Treatment of irregularity of the permanent or adult teeth","volume":"1","author":"Angell\n EC.","year":"1860","unstructured":"Angell\n EC. \n \n Treatment of irregularity of the permanent or adult teeth. Dent Cosmet. 1860;1:540\u2013544."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"73","article-title":"Rapid expansion of the maxillary dental arch and nasal cavity by opening the midpalatal suture","volume":"31","author":"Haas\n AJ.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Haas\n AJ. \n \n Rapid expansion of the maxillary dental arch and nasal cavity by opening the midpalatal suture. Angle Orthod. 1961;31:73\u201390."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Rapid palatal expansion in mixed dentition using a modified expander: a cephalometric investigation","volume":"28","author":"Cozza\n P,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cozza\n P, \n \n Giancotti\n A, \n \n Petrosino\n A. \n \n Rapid palatal expansion in mixed dentition using a modified expander: a cephalometric investigation. J Orthod. 2001;28:129\u2013134."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Fogorv Sz","first-page":"80","article-title":"Description of the Hyrax expansion screw","volume":"73","author":"Domokos\n G,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Domokos\n G, \n \n D\u00e9nes\n J. \n \n Description of the Hyrax expansion screw. Fogorv Sz. 1980;73:80\u201381."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"73","article-title":"Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts:a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"146","author":"Figueiredo\n DSF,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Figueiredo\n DSF, \n \n Bartolomeo\n FUC, \n \n Romualdo\n CR, \n et al\n . Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts:a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:73\u201381."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"562","article-title":"The hygienic rapid palatal expander","volume":"32","author":"Hamula\n W,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamula\n W, \n \n Hamula\n DW, \n \n Hurt\n A. \n \n The hygienic rapid palatal expander. J Clin Orthod. 1998;32:562\u2013567."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence","volume":"85","author":"Lin\n L,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin\n L, \n \n Ahn\n H-W, \n \n Kim\n S-J, \n \n Moon\n S-C, \n \n Kim\n S-H, \n \n Nelson\n G\n \n . Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:253\u2013262."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Indian J Dent Res","first-page":"734","article-title":"eRME\u2014rapid maxillary expansion in the economic way","volume":"22","author":"Mahadevia\n S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahadevia\n S, \n \n Daruwala\n N, \n \n Vaghamshi\n M\n \n . eRME\u2014rapid maxillary expansion in the economic way. Indian J Dent Res. 2011;22:734."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances","volume":"67","author":"Asanza\n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Asanza\n S, \n \n Cisneros\n GJ\n , NiebergLG. Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:15\u201322."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"148","article-title":"Frequency of and complications in the use of RPE appliances\u2014results of a survey in the Federal State of Hesse, Germany","volume":"66","author":"Schuster\n G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schuster\n G, \n \n Borel-Scherf\n I, \n \n Schopf\n PM\n \n . Frequency of and complications in the use of RPE appliances\u2014results of a survey in the Federal State of Hesse, Germany. J Orofac Orthop. 2005;66:148\u2013161."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"219","article-title":"Palatal expansion:just the beginning of dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"57","author":"Haas\n AJ","year":"1970","unstructured":"Haas\n AJ\n \n . Palatal expansion:just the beginning of dentofacial orthopedics. Am J Orthod. 1970;57:219\u2013255."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"171","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"100","author":"Da Silva Filho\n OG,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Da Silva Filho\n OG, \n \n Boas\n MC\n , Capelozza FilhoL. Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:171\u2013179."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"366","article-title":"Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion with Haas-type and hyrax-type expanders:a randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Weissheimer\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weissheimer\n A, \n \n de Menezes\n LM, \n \n Mezomo\n M, \n \n Dias\n DM, \n \n de Lima\n EMS, \n \n Rizzatto\n SMD\n \n . Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion with Haas-type and hyrax-type expanders:a randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:366\u2013376."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening","volume":"58","author":"Wertz\n RA","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wertz\n RA\n \n . Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening. Am J Orthod. 1970;58:41\u201366."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"311","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion investigated with low-dose computed tomography in growing subjects","volume":"138","author":"Ballanti\n F,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ballanti\n F, \n \n Lione\n R\n , BaccettiT, FranchiL, CozzaP. \n Treatment and posttreatment skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion investigated with low-dose computed tomography in growing subjects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:311\u2013317."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"60","article-title":"Effects of rapid maxillary expansion in hyperdivergent patients","volume":"142","author":"Lineberger\n MW,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lineberger\n MW, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr, \n \n Baccetti\n T, \n \n Herberger\n T, \n \n Franchi\n L\n \n . Effects of rapid maxillary expansion in hyperdivergent patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:60\u201369."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"178","article-title":"Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"35","author":"Zimring JF,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zimring JF, \n \n Isaacson\n RJ\n . \n Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:178\u2013186."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"365","article-title":"The effects of expansion of the palatal suture","volume":"42","author":"Rinderer\n L","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rinderer\n L\n \n . The effects of expansion of the palatal suture. Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc. 1966;42:365\u2013382."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Trans Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"263","article-title":"An histological investigation into the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the teeth and their supporting tissues","author":"Timms\n DJ,","unstructured":"Timms\n DJ, \n \n Moss\n JP\n \n . An histological investigation into the effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the teeth and their supporting tissues. Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1971:263\u2013271."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"630","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion and external root resorption in man:a scanning electron microscope study","volume":"79","author":"Barber\n AF,","year":"1981","unstructured":"Barber\n AF, \n \n Sims\n MR\n \n . Rapid maxillary expansion and external root resorption in man:a scanning electron microscope study. Am J Orthod. 1981;79:630\u2013652."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"37","article-title":"Root surface resorption in two cases of rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"9","author":"Odenrick\n L,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Odenrick\n L, \n \n Lilja\n E, \n \n Lindb\u00e4ck\n KF\n \n . Root surface resorption in two cases of rapid maxillary expansion. Br J Orthod. 1982;9:37\u201340."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"108","article-title":"Root surface resorption, repair, and periodontal attachment following rapid maxillary expansion in man","volume":"81","author":"Langford\n SR,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Langford\n SR, \n \n Sims\n MR\n \n . Root surface resorption, repair, and periodontal attachment following rapid maxillary expansion in man. Am J Orthod. 1982;81:108\u2013115."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"47","article-title":"A comparison of two different rapid palatal expansion techniques from the point of root resorption","volume":"106","author":"Erverdi\n N,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Erverdi\n N, \n \n Okar\n I, \n \n K\u00fcc\u00fckkeles\n N\n , ArbakS. A comparison of two different rapid palatal expansion techniques from the point of root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;106:47\u201351."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"488","article-title":"Evaluation of root resorption following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Baysal\n A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baysal\n A, \n \n Karadede\n I, \n \n Hekimoglu\n S, \n et al\n . Evaluation of root resorption following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:488\u2013494."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"171","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"100","author":"da Silva Filho\n OG","year":"1991","unstructured":"da Silva Filho\n OG\n , BoasMC, Capelozza FilhoL. Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991:100:171\u2013179."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"254","article-title":"The development of the human dentition","volume":"27","author":"Nolla\n CM","year":"1960","unstructured":"Nolla\n CM\n \n . The development of the human dentition. ASDC J Dent Child. 1960;27:254\u2013266."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"264","article-title":"Surface resorption following two forms of rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"13","author":"Odenrick\n L,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Odenrick\n L, \n \n Karlander\n EL, \n \n Pierce\n A, \n \n Kretschmar\n U\n \n . Surface resorption following two forms of rapid maxillary expansion. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13:264\u2013270."},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"371","article-title":"Root resorption extremes resulting from clinical RME","volume":"81","author":"Langford\n SR","year":"1982","unstructured":"Langford\n SR\n \n . Root resorption extremes resulting from clinical RME. Am J Orthod. 1982;81:371\u2013377."},{"key":"r29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"159","article-title":"Continuous vs. discontinuous force application and root resorption","volume":"69","author":"Acar\n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Acar\n A, \n \n Cany\u00fcrek\n U, \n \n Kocaaga\n M, \n \n Erverdi\n N\n \n . Continuous vs. discontinuous force application and root resorption. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:159\u2013163."},{"key":"r30","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"489","article-title":"A clinical and histological evaluation of titanium mini-implants as anchors for orthodontic intrusion in the beagle dog","volume":"119","author":"Ohmae\n M,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ohmae\n M, \n \n Saito\n S, \n \n Morohashi\n T, \n et al\n . A clinical and histological evaluation of titanium mini-implants as anchors for orthodontic intrusion in the beagle dog. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:489\u2013497."},{"key":"r31","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"395","article-title":"Continuous versus interrupted continuous orthodontic force related to early tooth movement and root resorption","volume":"65","author":"Owman-Moll\n P","year":"1995","unstructured":"Owman-Moll\n P\n , KurolJ, LundgrenD. Continuous versus interrupted continuous orthodontic force related to early tooth movement and root resorption. Angle Orthod. 1995;65:395\u2013401."},{"key":"r32","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"134","article-title":"A new method for volumetric measurement of orthodontically induced root resorption craters","volume":"112","author":"Chan\n EKM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan\n EKM, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA, \n \n Petocz\n P, \n \n Jones\n AS\n \n . A new method for volumetric measurement of orthodontically induced root resorption craters. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112:134\u2013139."},{"key":"r33","series-title":"Trans Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"279","article-title":"Experiences on widening the median maxillary suture","volume":"32","author":"Thorne\n NAH","year":"1956","unstructured":"Thorne\n NAH\n \n . Experiences on widening the median maxillary suture. Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1956;32:279\u2013290."},{"key":"r34","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"120","article-title":"Repair process of external root resorption subsequent to palatal expansion treatment","volume":"103","author":"Vardimon\n AD,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vardimon\n AD, \n \n Graber\n TM, \n \n Pitaru\n S\n \n . Repair process of external root resorption subsequent to palatal expansion treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:120\u2013130."},{"key":"r35","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1768","article-title":"Resorption and repair on the surface of the root","volume":"15","author":"Orban\n B","year":"1928","unstructured":"Orban\n B\n \n . Resorption and repair on the surface of the root. J Am Dent Assoc. 1928;15:1768\u20131777."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"Dent Cosmet","first-page":"540","article-title":"Treatment of irregularity of the permanent or adult teeth","volume":"1","author":"Angell\n EC.","year":"1860","unstructured":"Angell\n EC. \n \n Treatment of irregularity of the permanent or adult teeth. Dent Cosmet. 1860;1:540\u2013544."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"73","article-title":"Rapid expansion of the maxillary dental arch and nasal cavity by opening the midpalatal suture","volume":"31","author":"Haas\n AJ.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Haas\n AJ. \n \n Rapid expansion of the maxillary dental arch and nasal cavity by opening the midpalatal suture. Angle Orthod. 1961;31:73\u201390."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Rapid palatal expansion in mixed dentition using a modified expander: a cephalometric investigation","volume":"28","author":"Cozza\n P,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cozza\n P, \n \n Giancotti\n A, \n \n Petrosino\n A. \n \n Rapid palatal expansion in mixed dentition using a modified expander: a cephalometric investigation. J Orthod. 2001;28:129\u2013134."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Fogorv Sz","first-page":"80","article-title":"Description of the Hyrax expansion screw","volume":"73","author":"Domokos\n G,","year":"1980","unstructured":"Domokos\n G, \n \n D\u00e9nes\n J. \n \n Description of the Hyrax expansion screw. Fogorv Sz. 1980;73:80\u201381."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"73","article-title":"Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts:a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"146","author":"Figueiredo\n DSF,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Figueiredo\n DSF, \n \n Bartolomeo\n FUC, \n \n Romualdo\n CR, \n et al\n . Dentoskeletal effects of 3 maxillary expanders in patients with clefts:a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:73\u201381."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"562","article-title":"The hygienic rapid palatal expander","volume":"32","author":"Hamula\n W,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamula\n W, \n \n Hamula\n DW, \n \n Hurt\n A. \n \n The hygienic rapid palatal expander. J Clin Orthod. 1998;32:562\u2013567."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence","volume":"85","author":"Lin\n L,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin\n L, \n \n Ahn\n H-W, \n \n Kim\n S-J, \n \n Moon\n S-C, \n \n Kim\n S-H, \n \n Nelson\n G\n \n . Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence. Angle Orthod. 2015;85:253\u2013262."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Indian J Dent Res","first-page":"734","article-title":"eRME\u2014rapid maxillary expansion in the economic way","volume":"22","author":"Mahadevia\n S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahadevia\n S, \n \n Daruwala\n N, \n \n Vaghamshi\n M\n \n . eRME\u2014rapid maxillary expansion in the economic way. Indian J Dent Res. 2011;22:734."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances","volume":"67","author":"Asanza\n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Asanza\n S, \n \n Cisneros\n GJ\n , NiebergLG. Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances. 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Am J Orthod. 1970;57:219\u2013255."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"171","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"100","author":"Da Silva Filho\n OG,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Da Silva Filho\n OG, \n \n Boas\n MC\n , Capelozza FilhoL. Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:171\u2013179."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"366","article-title":"Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion with Haas-type and hyrax-type expanders:a randomized clinical trial","volume":"140","author":"Weissheimer\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weissheimer\n A, \n \n de Menezes\n LM, \n \n Mezomo\n M, \n \n Dias\n DM, \n \n de Lima\n EMS, \n \n Rizzatto\n SMD\n \n . 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Am J Orthod. 1970;58:41\u201366."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"311","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion investigated with low-dose computed tomography in growing subjects","volume":"138","author":"Ballanti\n F,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ballanti\n F, \n \n Lione\n R\n , BaccettiT, FranchiL, CozzaP. \n Treatment and posttreatment skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion investigated with low-dose computed tomography in growing subjects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:311\u2013317."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"60","article-title":"Effects of rapid maxillary expansion in hyperdivergent patients","volume":"142","author":"Lineberger\n MW,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lineberger\n MW, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr, \n \n Baccetti\n T, \n \n Herberger\n T, \n \n Franchi\n L\n \n . Effects of rapid maxillary expansion in hyperdivergent patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:60\u201369."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"178","article-title":"Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"35","author":"Zimring JF,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zimring JF, \n \n Isaacson\n RJ\n . \n Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:178\u2013186."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Rep Congr Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"365","article-title":"The effects of expansion of the palatal suture","volume":"42","author":"Rinderer\n L","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rinderer\n L\n \n . The effects of expansion of the palatal suture. 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