{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:11:57Z","timestamp":1780071117432,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To assess the volumetric changes and the maxillary response of the naso-maxillary complex (NMC) following rapid maxillary expansion (RME).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty consecutive patients (14 males and 16 females) with a mean age at first observation of 9.5 \u00b1 1.8\u00a0years for males and of 11.8 \u00b1 1.7\u00a0years for females, presenting a posterior unilateral or bilateral crossbite and requiring RME, were selected for the study. Each patient underwent expansion to correct the transverse occlusal relationships. Computed tomography scans were taken before RME (T1) and at the end of the active expansion phase (T2). Measurements were performed on scanned images. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed; the mean differences between measurements at T1 and T2 were compared using the\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test (\u03b1 \u200a=\u200a .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n All volumetric, maxillary, transverse skeletal anterior and posterior variables as well as all dental anterior and posterior linear and angular variables representing the NMC displayed statistically highly significant increases after RME (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n After RME the total volume of the NMC increased by 12%, the nasal volume by 17%, and the maxillary volume by 10.6%. The maxillary and the nasal contributions represented 69.75% and 30.25%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/011313-36.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]],"date-time":"2013-07-08T08:51:31Z","timestamp":1373273491000},"page":"88-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Three-dimensional changes of the naso-maxillary complex following rapid maxillary expansion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Bouserhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayla","family":"Bassil-Nassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Tauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthony A. Gianelly Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Limme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b01","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD000979","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites","volume":"1","author":"Harrison\n JE,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harrison\n JE, \n \n Ashby\n D. \n \n Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;1:CD000979."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b02","series-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"763","article-title":"Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion","volume":"74","author":"Ramires\n T,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramires\n T, \n \n Maia\n RA, \n \n Barone\n JR. \n \n Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;74:763\u2013769."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S79","article-title":"Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"137","author":"Christie\n KF,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christie\n KF, \n \n Boucher\n N, \n \n Chung\n CH. \n \n Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:S79\u2013S85."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"448","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders","volume":"82","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n V,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n V, \n \n Wine\n P, \n \n Haughey\n M, \n \n Pajtas\n B, \n \n Kaczynski\n R. \n \n Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:448\u2013457."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"776","article-title":"High-resolution multislice computerized tomography with multiplanar and 3-dimensional reformation imaging in rapid palatal expansion","volume":"131","author":"Habersack\n K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Habersack\n K, \n \n Karoglan\n A, \n \n Sommer\n B, \n \n Benner\n KU. \n \n High-resolution multislice computerized tomography with multiplanar and 3-dimensional reformation imaging in rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:776\u2013781."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"106","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion affects the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in youngsters: a study with low-dose computed tomography","volume":"80","author":"Leonardi\n R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leonardi\n R, \n \n Cutrera\n A, \n \n Barbato\n E. \n \n Rapid maxillary expansion affects the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in youngsters: a study with low-dose computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:106\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"458","article-title":"Upper airway expansion after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with cone beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Ribeiro\n ANC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ribeiro\n ANC, \n \n de Paiva\n JB, \n \n Rino-Neto\n J, \n \n Illipronti-Filho\n E, \n \n Trivino\n T, \n \n Mongelli Fantini\n S. \n \n Upper airway expansion after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:458\u2013463."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"66","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion effects on nasal volume","volume":"76","author":"Babacan\n H,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Babacan\n H, \n \n S\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc\n O, \n \n Doruk\n C, \n \n Ay\n S. \n \n Rapid maxillary expansion and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion effects on nasal volume. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:66\u201371."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"251","article-title":"Comparison of nasal volume changes during rapid maxillary expansion using acoustic rhinometry and computed tomography","volume":"29","author":"Doruk\n C,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doruk\n C, \n \n S\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc\n O, \n \n Bi\u00e7ak\u00e7i\n AA, \n \n Yilmaz\n U, \n \n Tas\n F. \n \n Comparison of nasal volume changes during rapid maxillary expansion using acoustic rhinometry and computed tomography. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:251\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"458","article-title":"Use of conventional tomography to evaluate changes in the nasal cavity with rapid palatal expansion","volume":"132","author":"Palaisa\n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palaisa\n J, \n \n Ngan\n P, \n \n Martin\n C, \n \n Razmus\n T. \n \n Use of conventional tomography to evaluate changes in the nasal cavity with rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:458\u2013466."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"633","article-title":"Nasal cavity volume changes after rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents evaluated with 3-dimensional simulation and modeling programs","volume":"140","author":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc\n S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc\n S, \n \n Gokce\n SM, \n \n Olmez\n H, \n \n Sagdic\n D, \n \n Ors\n F. \n \n Nasal cavity volume changes after rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents evaluated with 3-dimensional simulation and modeling programs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:633\u2013640."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"618","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of airway volume changes after rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"141","author":"Smith\n T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith\n T, \n \n Ghoneima\n A, \n \n Stewart\n K, \n et al\n . Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of airway volume changes after rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:618\u2013626."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"370","article-title":"Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short- and long-term effects","volume":"134","author":"Oliveira De Felippe\n NL,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oliveira De Felippe\n NL, \n \n Da Silveira\n AC, \n \n Viana\n G, \n \n Kusnoto\n B, \n \n Smith\n B, \n \n Evans\n CA. \n \n Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short- and long-term effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:370\u2013382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"269","article-title":"Improvement of nasal airway ventilation after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with computational fluid dynamics","volume":"141","author":"Iwazaki\n T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iwazaki\n T, \n \n Saitoh\n I, \n \n Takemoto\n Y, \n et al\n . Improvement of nasal airway ventilation after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with computational fluid dynamics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:269\u2013278."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b15","series-title":"Sleep Med","first-page":"128","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 12-month follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Villa\n MP,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Villa\n MP, \n \n Malagola\n C, \n \n Pagani\n J, \n et al\n . Rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 12-month follow-up. Sleep Med. 2007;8:128\u2013134."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b16","series-title":"Orthodontic Cephalometry","author":"Athanasiou\n AE.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Athanasiou\n AE. \n \n Orthodontic Cephalometry. London: Mosby-Wolfe; 1995."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Reliability of traditional cephalometric landmarks as seen in three-dimensional analysis in maxillary expansion treatments","volume":"79","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n MO,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n MO, \n \n Gordon\n JM, \n \n Guedes\n IH, \n et al\n . Reliability of traditional cephalometric landmarks as seen in three-dimensional analysis in maxillary expansion treatments. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:1047\u20131056."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"354","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of morphologic changes of the maxilla: a comparison of 2 kinds of palatal expanders","volume":"126","author":"Oliveira\n NL,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oliveira\n NL, \n \n Da Silveira\n AC, \n \n Kusnoto\n B, \n \n Viana\n G. \n \n Three-dimensional assessment of morphologic changes of the maxilla: a comparison of 2 kinds of palatal expanders. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:354\u2013362."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"548","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion\u2014tooth tissue-borne versus tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation of dentoskeletal effects","volume":"75","author":"Garib\n DG,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garib\n DG, \n \n Henriques\n JFC, \n \n Janson\n G, \n \n Freitas\n MR, \n \n Coelho\n RA. \n \n Rapid maxillary expansion\u2014tooth tissue-borne versus tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation of dentoskeletal effects. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:548\u2013557."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b20","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of rapid maxillary expansion in growing children using computer tomography scanning: a pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Podesser\n B,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Podesser\n B, \n \n Williams\n S, \n \n Crismani\n AG, \n \n Bantleon\n HP. \n \n Evaluation of the effects of rapid maxillary expansion in growing children using computer tomography scanning: a pilot study. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:37\u201344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"8.e1","article-title":"Skeletal effects to the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"134","author":"Garrett\n BJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garrett\n BJ, \n \n Caruso\n JM, \n \n Rungcharassaeng\n K, \n \n Farrage\n JR, \n \n Kim\n JS, \n \n Taylor\n GD. \n \n Skeletal effects to the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:321\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"569","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion","volume":"126","author":"Chung\n CH,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung\n CH, \n \n Font\n B. \n \n Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:569\u2013575."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b25","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on skeletal, dental, and nasal structures: a postero-anterior cephalometric study","volume":"22","author":"Cross\n DL,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cross\n DL, \n \n McDonald\n JP. \n \n Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on skeletal, dental, and nasal structures: a postero-anterior cephalometric study. 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J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2005;29:231\u2013238."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b01","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD000979","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites","volume":"1","author":"Harrison\n JE,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harrison\n JE, \n \n Ashby\n D. \n \n Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;1:CD000979."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b02","series-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"763","article-title":"Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion","volume":"74","author":"Ramires\n T,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramires\n T, \n \n Maia\n RA, \n \n Barone\n JR. \n \n Nasal cavity changes and the respiratory standard after maxillary expansion. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;74:763\u2013769."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S79","article-title":"Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"137","author":"Christie\n KF,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christie\n KF, \n \n Boucher\n N, \n \n Chung\n CH. \n \n Effects of bonded rapid palatal expansion on the transverse dimensions of the maxilla: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:S79\u2013S85."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"448","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders","volume":"82","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n V,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n V, \n \n Wine\n P, \n \n Haughey\n M, \n \n Pajtas\n B, \n \n Kaczynski\n R. \n \n Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:448\u2013457."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"776","article-title":"High-resolution multislice computerized tomography with multiplanar and 3-dimensional reformation imaging in rapid palatal expansion","volume":"131","author":"Habersack\n K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Habersack\n K, \n \n Karoglan\n A, \n \n Sommer\n B, \n \n Benner\n KU. \n \n High-resolution multislice computerized tomography with multiplanar and 3-dimensional reformation imaging in rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:776\u2013781."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"106","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion affects the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in youngsters: a study with low-dose computed tomography","volume":"80","author":"Leonardi\n R,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leonardi\n R, \n \n Cutrera\n A, \n \n Barbato\n E. \n \n Rapid maxillary expansion affects the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in youngsters: a study with low-dose computed tomography. 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Angle Orthod. 2012;82:458\u2013463."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"66","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion effects on nasal volume","volume":"76","author":"Babacan\n H,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Babacan\n H, \n \n S\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc\n O, \n \n Doruk\n C, \n \n Ay\n S. \n \n Rapid maxillary expansion and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion effects on nasal volume. 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Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:251\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"458","article-title":"Use of conventional tomography to evaluate changes in the nasal cavity with rapid palatal expansion","volume":"132","author":"Palaisa\n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palaisa\n J, \n \n Ngan\n P, \n \n Martin\n C, \n \n Razmus\n T. \n \n Use of conventional tomography to evaluate changes in the nasal cavity with rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:458\u2013466."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-88-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"633","article-title":"Nasal cavity volume changes after rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents evaluated with 3-dimensional simulation and modeling programs","volume":"140","author":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc\n S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc\n S, \n \n Gokce\n SM, \n \n Olmez\n H, \n \n Sagdic\n D, \n \n Ors\n F. \n \n Nasal cavity volume changes after rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents evaluated with 3-dimensional simulation and modeling programs. 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