{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:59Z","timestamp":1780067159831,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This case report describes the successful treatment of a patient with Crouzon syndrome with severe midfacial deficiency and malocclusion, including reverse overjet.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n In Phase I treatment, maxillary lateral expansion and protraction were performed. In Phase II treatment, after lateral expansion of the maxilla and leveling of the maxillary and mandibular dentition, an orthognathic approach including simultaneous Le Fort I and III osteotomies with distraction osteogenesis (DO) was used to improve the midfacial deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n After DO, 12.0 mm of the medial maxillary buttress and 9.0 mm of maxillary (point A) advancement were achieved, which resulted in a favorable facial profile and stable occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Even after 8 years of retention, the patient's profile and occlusion were preserved without any significant relapse.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/011823-40.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T14:51:06Z","timestamp":1686495066000},"page":"736-746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term follow-up of a patient diagnosed with Crouzon syndrome who underwent Le Fort I and III distraction osteogenesis using a rigid external distractor system"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Sayuri","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kurosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyomi","family":"Mihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Onoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Haraguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b01","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Guideline for care of patients with the diagnoses of craniosynostosis: working group on craniosynostosis.","volume":"26","author":"Mathijssen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathijssen\n IM.\n \n \n Guideline for care of patients with the diagnoses of craniosynostosis: working group on craniosynostosis.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2015; 26: 1735\u20131807."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b02","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"70e","article-title":"Recurrence of synostosis following surgical repair of craniosynostosis.","volume":"121","author":"Foster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foster\n KA,\n \n \n Frim\n DM,\n \n \n McKinnon\n M.\n \n \n Recurrence of synostosis following surgical repair of craniosynostosis.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2008; 121: 70e\u201376e."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b03","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"369","article-title":"Le Fort III advancement osteotomy in the growing child affected by Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes: presurgical and postsurgical growth.","volume":"16","author":"Meazzini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meazzini\n MC,\n \n \n Mazzoleni\n F,\n \n \n Caronni\n E,\n \n \n Bozzetti\n A.\n \n \n Le Fort III advancement osteotomy in the growing child affected by Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes: presurgical and postsurgical growth.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2005; 16: 369\u2013377."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b04","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"419","article-title":"The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases.","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tessier\n P.\n \n \n The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1971; 48: 419\u2013442."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b05","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"78","article-title":"Pre- and postsurgical facial growth in patients with Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes.","volume":"23","author":"Kreiborg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kreiborg\n S,\n \n \n Aduss\n H.\n \n \n Pre- and postsurgical facial growth in patients with Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes.\n \n Cleft Palate J\n . 1986; 23Suppl 1: 78\u201390."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b06","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1665","article-title":"Computed tomographic analysis of temporal maxillary stability and pterygomaxillary generate formation following pediatric Le Fort III distraction advancement.","volume":"126","author":"Hopper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hopper\n RA,\n \n \n Sandercoe\n G,\n \n \n Woo\n A,\n \n et al.\n Computed tomographic analysis of temporal maxillary stability and pterygomaxillary generate formation following pediatric Le Fort III distraction advancement.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2010; 126: 1665\u20131674."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b07","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Midface distraction osteogenesis using a modified external device with elastic distraction for Crouzon syndrome.","volume":"28","author":"Tong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tong\n H,\n \n \n Liu\n L,\n \n \n Tang\n X,\n \n et al.\n Midface distraction osteogenesis using a modified external device with elastic distraction for Crouzon syndrome.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2017; 28: 1573\u20131577."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b08","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"959","article-title":"Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis versus conventional Le Fort III osteotomy in correction of syndromic midfacial hypoplasia: a systematic review.","volume":"72","author":"Saltaji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saltaji\n H,\n \n \n Altalibi\n M,\n \n \n Major\n MP,\n \n et al.\n Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis versus conventional Le Fort III osteotomy in correction of syndromic midfacial hypoplasia: a systematic review.\n \n J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2014; 72: 959\u2013972."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b09","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"429","article-title":"Advancement of the midface using distraction techniques.","volume":"103","author":"Cedars","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cedars\n MG,\n \n \n Linck\n DL,\n \n \n Chin\n M,\n \n \n Toth\n BA.\n \n \n Advancement of the midface using distraction techniques.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1999; 103: 429\u2013441."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b10","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1524","article-title":"Halo distraction of the Le Fort III in syndromic craniosynostosis: a long-term assessment.","volume":"115","author":"Fearon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fearon\n JA.\n \n \n Halo distraction of the Le Fort III in syndromic craniosynostosis: a long-term assessment.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2005; 115: 1524\u20131536."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Long-term stability of LeFort III distraction osteogenesis with a rigid external distraction device in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.","volume":"140","author":"Kuroda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuroda\n S,\n \n \n Watanabe\n K,\n \n \n Ishimoto\n K,\n \n \n Nakanishi\n H,\n \n \n Moriyama\n K,\n \n \n Tanaka\n E.\n \n \n Long-term stability of LeFort III distraction osteogenesis with a rigid external distraction device in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n . 2011; 140: 550\u2013561."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b12","series-title":"Semin Plast Surg","first-page":"121","article-title":"Frontofacial surgery in children and adolescents: techniques, indications, outcomes.","volume":"28","author":"Britto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Britto\n JA,\n \n \n Greig\n A,\n \n \n Abela\n C,\n \n \n Hearst\n D,\n \n \n Dunaway\n DJ,\n \n \n Evans\n RD.\n \n \n Frontofacial surgery in children and adolescents: techniques, indications, outcomes.\n \n Semin Plast Surg\n . 2014; 28: 121\u2013129."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b13","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Anterior maxillary segmental distraction for correction of maxillary hypoplasia and dental crowding in cleft palate patients: a preliminary report.","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang\n XX,\n \n \n Wang\n X,\n \n \n Li\n ZL,\n \n et al.\n Anterior maxillary segmental distraction for correction of maxillary hypoplasia and dental crowding in cleft palate patients: a preliminary report.\n \n Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2009; 38: 1237\u20131243."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b14","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"292","article-title":"Rotational movement of the anterior maxillary segment by hybrid distractor in patients with cleft lip and palate.","volume":"110","author":"Aikawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aikawa\n T,\n \n \n Haraguchi\n S,\n \n \n Tanaka\n S,\n \n et al.\n Rotational movement of the anterior maxillary segment by hybrid distractor in patients with cleft lip and palate.\n \n Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod\n . 2010; 110: 292\u2013300."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b15","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"181","article-title":"Comparative three-dimensional analysis of CT-scans of the calvaria and cranial base in Apert and Crouzon syndromes.","volume":"21","author":"Kreiborg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kreiborg\n S,\n \n \n Marsh\n JL,\n \n \n Cohen\n MM,\n \n et al.\n Comparative three-dimensional analysis of CT-scans of the calvaria and cranial base in Apert and Crouzon syndromes.\n \n J Craniomaxillofac Surg\n . 1993; 21: 181\u2013188."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b16","series-title":"J","first-page":"299","article-title":"Circummaxillary sutures in patients with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes compared to nonsyndromic children: growth, orthodontic, and surgical implications. Cleft Palate Craniofac .","volume":"58","author":"Meazzini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meazzini\n MC,\n \n \n Corradi\n F,\n \n \n Mazzoleni\n F,\n \n et al.\n Circummaxillary sutures in patients with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes compared to nonsyndromic children: growth, orthodontic, and surgical implications. Cleft Palate Craniofac .\n J\n 2021; 58: 299\u2013305."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b17","series-title":"Br J Plast Surg","first-page":"123","article-title":"Operative correction by osteotomy of recessed malar maxillary compound in a case of oxycephaly.","volume":"3","author":"Gillies","year":"1950","unstructured":"Gillies\n H,\n \n \n Harrison\n SH.\n \n \n Operative correction by osteotomy of recessed malar maxillary compound in a case of oxycephaly.\n \n Br J Plast Surg\n . 1950; 3: 123\u2013127."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b18","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"507","article-title":"Advancement of the orbits and the midface in one piece, combined with frontal repositioning, for the correction of Crouzon's deformities.","volume":"61","author":"Ortiz-Monasterio","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ortiz-Monasterio\n F,\n \n \n del Campo\n AF,\n \n \n Carrillo\n A.\n \n \n Advancement of the orbits and the midface in one piece, combined with frontal repositioning, for the correction of Crouzon's deformities.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1978; 61: 507\u2013516."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b19","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"421","article-title":"Monobloc craniomaxillofacial distraction osteogenesis in a newborn with severe craniofacial synostosis: a preliminary report.","volume":"6","author":"Polley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Polley\n JW,\n \n \n Figueroa\n AA,\n \n \n Charbel\n FT,\n \n \n Berkowitz\n R,\n \n \n Reisberg\n D,\n \n \n Cohen\n M.\n \n \n Monobloc craniomaxillofacial distraction osteogenesis in a newborn with severe craniofacial synostosis: a preliminary report.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 1995; 6: 421\u2013423."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b20","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Functional outcomes in monobloc advancement by distraction using the rigid external distractor device.","volume":"121","author":"Witherow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Witherow\n H,\n \n \n Dunaway\n D,\n \n \n Evans\n R,\n \n et al.\n Functional outcomes in monobloc advancement by distraction using the rigid external distractor device.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2008; 121: 1311\u20131322."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b21","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"170","article-title":"Rigid external distractor-aided advancement after simultaneously performed LeFort-III osteotomy and fronto-orbital advancement.","volume":"29","author":"Safi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Safi\n AF,\n \n \n Kreppel\n M,\n \n \n Kauke\n M,\n \n \n Grandoch\n A,\n \n \n Nickenig\n HJ,\n \n \n Z\u00f6ller\n J.\n \n \n Rigid external distractor-aided advancement after simultaneously performed LeFort-III osteotomy and fronto-orbital advancement.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2018; 29: 170\u2013174."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b22","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"464","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of syndromic craniosynostosis after Le Fort III halo distraction: a cephalometric and CT evaluation.","volume":"65","author":"Meazzini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meazzini\n MC,\n \n \n Allevia\n F,\n \n \n Mazzoleni\n F,\n \n et al.\n Long-term follow-up of syndromic craniosynostosis after Le Fort III halo distraction: a cephalometric and CT evaluation.\n \n J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n . 2012; 65: 464\u2013472."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b23","series-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy","first-page":"685","article-title":"Long-term results of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in nongrowing cleft: 5-years experience using internal device.","volume":"117","author":"Hirjak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirjak\n D,\n \n \n Reyneke\n JP,\n \n \n Janec\n J,\n \n \n Beno\n M,\n \n \n Kupcova\n I.\n \n \n Long-term results of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in nongrowing cleft: 5-years experience using internal device.\n \n Bratisl Lek Listy\n . 2016; 117: 685\u2013690."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b24","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"794e","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of midface distraction in growing children with syndromic craniosynostosis.","volume":"140","author":"Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel\n PA,\n \n \n Shetye\n PR,\n \n \n Warren\n SM,\n \n \n Grayson\n BH,\n \n \n McCarthy\n JG.\n \n \n Five-year follow-up of midface distraction in growing children with syndromic craniosynostosis.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2017; 140: 794e\u2013803e."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b25","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"351","article-title":"Surgical correction of small or retrodisplaced maxillae. The \u201cdish-face\u201d deformity.","volume":"43","author":"Obwegeser","year":"1969","unstructured":"Obwegeser\n HL.\n \n \n Surgical correction of small or retrodisplaced maxillae. The \u201cdish-face\u201d deformity.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1969; 43: 351\u2013365."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b26","series-title":"J","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Simultaneous LeFort III and LeFort I osteotomies in craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Cleft Palate Craniofac .","volume":"58","author":"Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan\n C,\n \n \n Garg\n R,\n \n \n Wlodarczyk\n JR,\n \n \n Yen\n S,\n \n \n Urata\n MM.\n \n \n Simultaneous LeFort III and LeFort I osteotomies in craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Cleft Palate Craniofac .\n J\n 2021; 58: 1560\u20131568."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b27","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"273","article-title":"Segmental distraction of the midface in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.","volume":"13","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matsumoto\n K,\n \n \n Nakanishi\n H,\n \n \n Koizumi\n Y,\n \n et al.\n Segmental distraction of the midface in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2002; 13: 273\u2013278."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b28","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"499","article-title":"Dual segmental distraction osteogenesis of the midface in a patient with Apert syndrome.","volume":"43","author":"Takashima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takashima\n M,\n \n \n Kitai\n N,\n \n \n Murakami\n S,\n \n et al.\n Dual segmental distraction osteogenesis of the midface in a patient with Apert syndrome.\n \n Cleft Palate Craniofac J\n . 2006; 43: 499\u2013506."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b29","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Dual midfacial distraction osteogenesis: Le Fort III minus I and Le Fort I for syndromic craniosynostosis.","volume":"111","author":"Satoh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Satoh\n K,\n \n \n Mitsukawa\n N,\n \n \n Hosaka\n Y.\n \n \n Dual midfacial distraction osteogenesis: Le Fort III minus I and Le Fort I for syndromic craniosynostosis.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2003; 111: 1019\u20131028."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b30","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"788","article-title":"+ I distraction osteogenesis using an internal device for syndromic craniosynostosis.","volume":"72","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sakamoto\n Y,\n \n \n Nakajima\n H,\n \n \n Tamada\n I,\n \n \n Sakamoto\n T.\n \n \n Le Fort\n IV\n \n \n + I distraction osteogenesis using an internal device for syndromic craniosynostosis.\n \n J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2014; 72: 788\u2013795."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b31","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"115","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: long-term respiratory outcome of midface advancement.","volume":"39","author":"Bannink","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bannink\n N,\n \n \n Nout\n E,\n \n \n Wolvius\n EB,\n \n \n Hoeve\n HL,\n \n \n Joosten\n KF,\n \n \n Mathijssen\n IM.\n \n \n Obstructive sleep apnea in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: long-term respiratory outcome of midface advancement.\n \n Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2010; 39: 115\u2013121."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b01","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Guideline for care of patients with the diagnoses of craniosynostosis: working group on craniosynostosis.","volume":"26","author":"Mathijssen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathijssen\n IM.\n \n \n Guideline for care of patients with the diagnoses of craniosynostosis: working group on craniosynostosis.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2015; 26: 1735\u20131807."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b02","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"70e","article-title":"Recurrence of synostosis following surgical repair of craniosynostosis.","volume":"121","author":"Foster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foster\n KA,\n \n \n Frim\n DM,\n \n \n McKinnon\n M.\n \n \n Recurrence of synostosis following surgical repair of craniosynostosis.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2008; 121: 70e\u201376e."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b03","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"369","article-title":"Le Fort III advancement osteotomy in the growing child affected by Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes: presurgical and postsurgical growth.","volume":"16","author":"Meazzini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meazzini\n MC,\n \n \n Mazzoleni\n F,\n \n \n Caronni\n E,\n \n \n Bozzetti\n A.\n \n \n Le Fort III advancement osteotomy in the growing child affected by Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes: presurgical and postsurgical growth.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2005; 16: 369\u2013377."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b04","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"419","article-title":"The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases.","volume":"48","author":"Tessier","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tessier\n P.\n \n \n The definitive plastic surgical treatment of the severe facial deformities of craniofacial dysostosis. Crouzon's and Apert's diseases.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1971; 48: 419\u2013442."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b05","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"78","article-title":"Pre- and postsurgical facial growth in patients with Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes.","volume":"23","author":"Kreiborg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kreiborg\n S,\n \n \n Aduss\n H.\n \n \n Pre- and postsurgical facial growth in patients with Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes.\n \n Cleft Palate J\n . 1986; 23Suppl 1: 78\u201390."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b06","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1665","article-title":"Computed tomographic analysis of temporal maxillary stability and pterygomaxillary generate formation following pediatric Le Fort III distraction advancement.","volume":"126","author":"Hopper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hopper\n RA,\n \n \n Sandercoe\n G,\n \n \n Woo\n A,\n \n et al.\n Computed tomographic analysis of temporal maxillary stability and pterygomaxillary generate formation following pediatric Le Fort III distraction advancement.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2010; 126: 1665\u20131674."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b07","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Midface distraction osteogenesis using a modified external device with elastic distraction for Crouzon syndrome.","volume":"28","author":"Tong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tong\n H,\n \n \n Liu\n L,\n \n \n Tang\n X,\n \n et al.\n Midface distraction osteogenesis using a modified external device with elastic distraction for Crouzon syndrome.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2017; 28: 1573\u20131577."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b08","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"959","article-title":"Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis versus conventional Le Fort III osteotomy in correction of syndromic midfacial hypoplasia: a systematic review.","volume":"72","author":"Saltaji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saltaji\n H,\n \n \n Altalibi\n M,\n \n \n Major\n MP,\n \n et al.\n Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis versus conventional Le Fort III osteotomy in correction of syndromic midfacial hypoplasia: a systematic review.\n \n J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2014; 72: 959\u2013972."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b09","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"429","article-title":"Advancement of the midface using distraction techniques.","volume":"103","author":"Cedars","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cedars\n MG,\n \n \n Linck\n DL,\n \n \n Chin\n M,\n \n \n Toth\n BA.\n \n \n Advancement of the midface using distraction techniques.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1999; 103: 429\u2013441."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b10","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1524","article-title":"Halo distraction of the Le Fort III in syndromic craniosynostosis: a long-term assessment.","volume":"115","author":"Fearon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fearon\n JA.\n \n \n Halo distraction of the Le Fort III in syndromic craniosynostosis: a long-term assessment.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2005; 115: 1524\u20131536."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"550","article-title":"Long-term stability of LeFort III distraction osteogenesis with a rigid external distraction device in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.","volume":"140","author":"Kuroda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuroda\n S,\n \n \n Watanabe\n K,\n \n \n Ishimoto\n K,\n \n \n Nakanishi\n H,\n \n \n Moriyama\n K,\n \n \n Tanaka\n E.\n \n \n Long-term stability of LeFort III distraction osteogenesis with a rigid external distraction device in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.\n \n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n . 2011; 140: 550\u2013561."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b12","series-title":"Semin Plast Surg","first-page":"121","article-title":"Frontofacial surgery in children and adolescents: techniques, indications, outcomes.","volume":"28","author":"Britto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Britto\n JA,\n \n \n Greig\n A,\n \n \n Abela\n C,\n \n \n Hearst\n D,\n \n \n Dunaway\n DJ,\n \n \n Evans\n RD.\n \n \n Frontofacial surgery in children and adolescents: techniques, indications, outcomes.\n \n Semin Plast Surg\n . 2014; 28: 121\u2013129."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b13","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Anterior maxillary segmental distraction for correction of maxillary hypoplasia and dental crowding in cleft palate patients: a preliminary report.","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang\n XX,\n \n \n Wang\n X,\n \n \n Li\n ZL,\n \n et al.\n Anterior maxillary segmental distraction for correction of maxillary hypoplasia and dental crowding in cleft palate patients: a preliminary report.\n \n Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2009; 38: 1237\u20131243."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b14","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"292","article-title":"Rotational movement of the anterior maxillary segment by hybrid distractor in patients with cleft lip and palate.","volume":"110","author":"Aikawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aikawa\n T,\n \n \n Haraguchi\n S,\n \n \n Tanaka\n S,\n \n et al.\n Rotational movement of the anterior maxillary segment by hybrid distractor in patients with cleft lip and palate.\n \n Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod\n . 2010; 110: 292\u2013300."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b15","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"181","article-title":"Comparative three-dimensional analysis of CT-scans of the calvaria and cranial base in Apert and Crouzon syndromes.","volume":"21","author":"Kreiborg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kreiborg\n S,\n \n \n Marsh\n JL,\n \n \n Cohen\n MM,\n \n et al.\n Comparative three-dimensional analysis of CT-scans of the calvaria and cranial base in Apert and Crouzon syndromes.\n \n J Craniomaxillofac Surg\n . 1993; 21: 181\u2013188."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b16","series-title":"J","first-page":"299","article-title":"Circummaxillary sutures in patients with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes compared to nonsyndromic children: growth, orthodontic, and surgical implications. Cleft Palate Craniofac .","volume":"58","author":"Meazzini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meazzini\n MC,\n \n \n Corradi\n F,\n \n \n Mazzoleni\n F,\n \n et al.\n Circummaxillary sutures in patients with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes compared to nonsyndromic children: growth, orthodontic, and surgical implications. Cleft Palate Craniofac .\n J\n 2021; 58: 299\u2013305."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b17","series-title":"Br J Plast Surg","first-page":"123","article-title":"Operative correction by osteotomy of recessed malar maxillary compound in a case of oxycephaly.","volume":"3","author":"Gillies","year":"1950","unstructured":"Gillies\n H,\n \n \n Harrison\n SH.\n \n \n Operative correction by osteotomy of recessed malar maxillary compound in a case of oxycephaly.\n \n Br J Plast Surg\n . 1950; 3: 123\u2013127."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b18","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"507","article-title":"Advancement of the orbits and the midface in one piece, combined with frontal repositioning, for the correction of Crouzon's deformities.","volume":"61","author":"Ortiz-Monasterio","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ortiz-Monasterio\n F,\n \n \n del Campo\n AF,\n \n \n Carrillo\n A.\n \n \n Advancement of the orbits and the midface in one piece, combined with frontal repositioning, for the correction of Crouzon's deformities.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1978; 61: 507\u2013516."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b19","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"421","article-title":"Monobloc craniomaxillofacial distraction osteogenesis in a newborn with severe craniofacial synostosis: a preliminary report.","volume":"6","author":"Polley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Polley\n JW,\n \n \n Figueroa\n AA,\n \n \n Charbel\n FT,\n \n \n Berkowitz\n R,\n \n \n Reisberg\n D,\n \n \n Cohen\n M.\n \n \n Monobloc craniomaxillofacial distraction osteogenesis in a newborn with severe craniofacial synostosis: a preliminary report.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 1995; 6: 421\u2013423."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b20","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Functional outcomes in monobloc advancement by distraction using the rigid external distractor device.","volume":"121","author":"Witherow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Witherow\n H,\n \n \n Dunaway\n D,\n \n \n Evans\n R,\n \n et al.\n Functional outcomes in monobloc advancement by distraction using the rigid external distractor device.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2008; 121: 1311\u20131322."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b21","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"170","article-title":"Rigid external distractor-aided advancement after simultaneously performed LeFort-III osteotomy and fronto-orbital advancement.","volume":"29","author":"Safi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Safi\n AF,\n \n \n Kreppel\n M,\n \n \n Kauke\n M,\n \n \n Grandoch\n A,\n \n \n Nickenig\n HJ,\n \n \n Z\u00f6ller\n J.\n \n \n Rigid external distractor-aided advancement after simultaneously performed LeFort-III osteotomy and fronto-orbital advancement.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2018; 29: 170\u2013174."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b22","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"464","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of syndromic craniosynostosis after Le Fort III halo distraction: a cephalometric and CT evaluation.","volume":"65","author":"Meazzini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meazzini\n MC,\n \n \n Allevia\n F,\n \n \n Mazzoleni\n F,\n \n et al.\n Long-term follow-up of syndromic craniosynostosis after Le Fort III halo distraction: a cephalometric and CT evaluation.\n \n J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n . 2012; 65: 464\u2013472."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b23","series-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy","first-page":"685","article-title":"Long-term results of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in nongrowing cleft: 5-years experience using internal device.","volume":"117","author":"Hirjak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirjak\n D,\n \n \n Reyneke\n JP,\n \n \n Janec\n J,\n \n \n Beno\n M,\n \n \n Kupcova\n I.\n \n \n Long-term results of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in nongrowing cleft: 5-years experience using internal device.\n \n Bratisl Lek Listy\n . 2016; 117: 685\u2013690."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b24","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"794e","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of midface distraction in growing children with syndromic craniosynostosis.","volume":"140","author":"Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel\n PA,\n \n \n Shetye\n PR,\n \n \n Warren\n SM,\n \n \n Grayson\n BH,\n \n \n McCarthy\n JG.\n \n \n Five-year follow-up of midface distraction in growing children with syndromic craniosynostosis.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2017; 140: 794e\u2013803e."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b25","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"351","article-title":"Surgical correction of small or retrodisplaced maxillae. The \u201cdish-face\u201d deformity.","volume":"43","author":"Obwegeser","year":"1969","unstructured":"Obwegeser\n HL.\n \n \n Surgical correction of small or retrodisplaced maxillae. The \u201cdish-face\u201d deformity.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 1969; 43: 351\u2013365."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b26","series-title":"J","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Simultaneous LeFort III and LeFort I osteotomies in craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Cleft Palate Craniofac .","volume":"58","author":"Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan\n C,\n \n \n Garg\n R,\n \n \n Wlodarczyk\n JR,\n \n \n Yen\n S,\n \n \n Urata\n MM.\n \n \n Simultaneous LeFort III and LeFort I osteotomies in craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Cleft Palate Craniofac .\n J\n 2021; 58: 1560\u20131568."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b27","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"273","article-title":"Segmental distraction of the midface in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.","volume":"13","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matsumoto\n K,\n \n \n Nakanishi\n H,\n \n \n Koizumi\n Y,\n \n et al.\n Segmental distraction of the midface in a patient with Crouzon syndrome.\n \n J Craniofac Surg\n . 2002; 13: 273\u2013278."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b28","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"499","article-title":"Dual segmental distraction osteogenesis of the midface in a patient with Apert syndrome.","volume":"43","author":"Takashima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takashima\n M,\n \n \n Kitai\n N,\n \n \n Murakami\n S,\n \n et al.\n Dual segmental distraction osteogenesis of the midface in a patient with Apert syndrome.\n \n Cleft Palate Craniofac J\n . 2006; 43: 499\u2013506."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b29","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Dual midfacial distraction osteogenesis: Le Fort III minus I and Le Fort I for syndromic craniosynostosis.","volume":"111","author":"Satoh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Satoh\n K,\n \n \n Mitsukawa\n N,\n \n \n Hosaka\n Y.\n \n \n Dual midfacial distraction osteogenesis: Le Fort III minus I and Le Fort I for syndromic craniosynostosis.\n \n Plast Reconstr Surg\n . 2003; 111: 1019\u20131028."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b30","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"788","article-title":"+ I distraction osteogenesis using an internal device for syndromic craniosynostosis.","volume":"72","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sakamoto\n Y,\n \n \n Nakajima\n H,\n \n \n Tamada\n I,\n \n \n Sakamoto\n T.\n \n \n Le Fort\n IV\n \n \n + I distraction osteogenesis using an internal device for syndromic craniosynostosis.\n \n J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2014; 72: 788\u2013795."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-736-b31","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"115","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: long-term respiratory outcome of midface advancement.","volume":"39","author":"Bannink","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bannink\n N,\n \n \n Nout\n E,\n \n \n Wolvius\n EB,\n \n \n Hoeve\n HL,\n \n \n Joosten\n KF,\n \n \n Mathijssen\n IM.\n \n \n Obstructive sleep apnea in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: long-term respiratory outcome of midface advancement.\n \n Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n . 2010; 39: 115\u2013121."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p736.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/93\/6\/736\/3284496\/i1945-7103-93-6-736.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p736.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p736.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:24:05Z","timestamp":1780064645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p736.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/011823-40.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}}}