{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:33:37Z","timestamp":1789540417825,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To compare lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and mandible symphysis morphology among Class I and Class III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Lower incisor extrusion and inclination, as well as buccal (LA) and lingual (LP) cortex depth, and mandibular symphysis height (LH) were measured in 107 lateral cephalometric x-rays of adult patients without prior orthodontic treatment. In addition, malocclusion type (Class I or III) and facial vertical skeletal pattern were considered. Through a principal component analysis (PCA) related variables were reduced. Simple regression equation and multivariate analyses of variance were also used.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Incisor mandibular plane angle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and extrusion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a .03) values showed significant differences between the sagittal malocclusion groups. Variations in the mandibular plane have a negative correlation with LA (Class I <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a .03 and Class III <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a .01) and a positive correlation with LH (Class I <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a .01 and Class III <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a .02) in both groups. Within the Class III group, there was a negative correlation between the mandibular plane and LP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u200a=\u200a .02). PCA showed that the tendency toward a long face causes the symphysis to elongate and narrow. In Class III, alveolar narrowing is also found in normal faces.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Vertical facial pattern is a significant factor in mandibular symphysis alveolar morphology and lower incisor positioning, both for Class I and Class III patients. Short-faced Class III patients have a widened alveolar bone. However, for long-faced and normal-faced Class III, natural compensation elongates the symphysis and influences lower incisor position.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/011913-48.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,11]],"date-time":"2013-06-11T18:16:05Z","timestamp":1370974565000},"page":"948-955","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and symphysis dimensions among Class I and III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Molina-Berlanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Instructor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Llopis-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Consultant, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Department Chair, Division Head of Orthodontics & Orthodontic Graduate Program Director, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreu","family":"Puigdollers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-6-948-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"63","article-title":"The variations in skeletal and denture patterns in excellent adult facial types","volume":"29","author":"Goldsman\n              S.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Goldsman\n              S. \n          \n          The variations in skeletal and denture patterns in excellent adult facial types. 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