{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:52:14Z","timestamp":1791841934659,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate the dentoskeletal effects of different anterior open bite treatment modalities in children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This cephalometric study assessed changes resulting from different treatment approaches on 77 growing children with anterior open bite. A control group (n = 30) was used for comparison. Lateral cephalograms were available before treatment and after 12 months. The sample was divided into four groups: removable palatal crib associated with a chincup (G1), bonded spurs associated with a chincup (G2), chincup (G3), and nontreated control (G4). Statistical comparisons among the four groups were performed on T1 and the treatment changes using analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc tests.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    No statistically significant changes in skeletal variables were found among the groups, except for lower anterior face height (LAFH) increase in G1. Overall, effects in all of the treated groups were exclusively dentoalveolar. A larger overbite (OB) increase was observed in G1 and G2 when compared with G3 and G4. The maxillary incisors in G1 showed increased palatal tipping, retrusion, and more vertical dentoalveolar development as well as increased lingual tipping among mandibular incisors. There was less vertical development of maxillary and mandibular molars in G3.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A removable palatal crib provided an improvement in OB (97.5%), followed by the bonded spurs (84.5%). Conversely, the chincup-only group did not have positive OB effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/011916-49.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T10:18:33Z","timestamp":1462789113000},"page":"969-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dentoskeletal effects produced by removable palatal crib, bonded spurs, and chincup therapy in growing children with anterior open bite"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Natalia Martins","family":"Insabralde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Paran\u00e1, Londrina-PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Rodrigues","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina-PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Fernando Castanha","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Maria Freire","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina-PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio Rodrigues","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana, Londrina-PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b01","series-title":"Dent Press J Orthod","first-page":"123","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 7 to 12 years","volume":"16","author":"Almeida \n              MR,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Almeida \n              MR, \n            \n            \n              Pereira \n              ALP, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Almeida-Pedrin \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Silva Filho \n              OG. \n            \n          \n          Prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 7 to 12 years. Dent Press J Orthod. 2011;16:123\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"517","article-title":"Sucking habits and facial hyperdivergency as risk factors for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition","volume":"128","author":"Cozza \n              P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cozza \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Baccetti \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Franchi \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Mucedero \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Polimeni \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Sucking habits and facial hyperdivergency as risk factors for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition. 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Angle Orthod. 1968;38:340\u2013349."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"489","article-title":"The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks","volume":"14","author":"Kuster \n              R,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kuster \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Ingervall \n              B. \n            \n          \n          The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:489\u2013499."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"393","article-title":"Intrusion of posterior teeth with magnets: an experiment in nongrowing baboons","volume":"100","author":"Woods \n              MG,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Woods \n              MG, \n            \n            \n              Nanda \n              RS. \n            \n          \n          Intrusion of posterior teeth with magnets: an experiment in nongrowing baboons. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:393\u2013400."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"Vertical control in treatment of patients having backward-rotational growth tendencies","volume":"48","author":"Pearson \n              LE.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pearson \n              LE. \n            \n          \n          Vertical control in treatment of patients having backward-rotational growth tendencies. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:132\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"71","article-title":"Case report KP. Treatment of a severe openbite excessive vertical pattern with an eclectic non-surgical approach","volume":"61","author":"Pearson \n              LE.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pearson \n              LE. \n            \n          \n          Case report KP. Treatment of a severe openbite excessive vertical pattern with an eclectic non-surgical approach. Angle Orthod. 1991;61:71\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"506","article-title":"Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients","volume":"122","author":"Iscan \n              HN,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iscan \n              HN, \n            \n            \n              Din\u00e7er \n              M, \n            \n            \n              G\u00fcltan \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Meral \n              O, \n            \n            \n              Taner-Sarisoy \n              L. \n            \n          \n          Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:506\u2013511."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"487","article-title":"Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite","volume":"142","author":"Cassis \n              MA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cassis \n              MA, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Janson \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Almeida-Pedrin \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              MR. \n            \n          \n          Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:487\u2013493."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"610","article-title":"Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chin cup therapy. A prospective randomized study","volume":"28","author":"Torres \n              F,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Torres \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              MR, \n            \n            \n              Almeida-Pedrin \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Pedrin \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Henriques \n              JFC. \n            \n          \n          Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chin cup therapy. A prospective randomized study. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:610\u2013617."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"569","article-title":"Chronic thumb-sucking: the psychologic effects and the relative effectiveness of various methods of treatment","volume":"53","author":"Haryett \n              RD,","year":"1967","unstructured":"Haryett \n              RD, \n            \n            \n              Hansen \n              FC, \n            \n            \n              Davidson \n              PO, \n            \n            \n              Sandilands \n              ML. \n            \n          \n          Chronic thumb-sucking: the psychologic effects and the relative effectiveness of various methods of treatment. Am J Orthod. 1967;53:569\u2013585."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"The interception of the open bite in the early growth period","volume":"41","author":"Parker \n              JH.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Parker \n              JH. \n            \n          \n          The interception of the open bite in the early growth period. Angle Orthod. 1971;41:24\u201344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"164","article-title":"Chronic thumb-sucking. A second report on treatment and its psychological effects","volume":"57","author":"Haryett \n              RD,","year":"1970","unstructured":"Haryett \n              RD, \n            \n            \n              Hansen \n              FC, \n            \n            \n              Davidson \n              PO. \n            \n          \n          Chronic thumb-sucking. A second report on treatment and its psychological effects. Am J Orthod. 1970;57:164\u2013178."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stability of anterior openbite treated with crib therapy","volume":"60","author":"Huang \n              GJ,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Huang \n              GJ, \n            \n            \n              Justus \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Kennedy \n              DB, \n            \n            \n              Kokich \n              VG. \n            \n          \n          Stability of anterior openbite treated with crib therapy. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:17\u201324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b16","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"323","article-title":"Changes in the dentition secondary to palatal crib therapy in digit-suckers: a preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Villa \n              NL,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Villa \n              NL, \n            \n            \n              Cisneros \n              GJ. \n            \n          \n          Changes in the dentition secondary to palatal crib therapy in digit-suckers: a preliminary study. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19:323\u2013326."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b17","series-title":"ADM","first-page":"17","article-title":"Treatment of anterior open bite: a cephalometric and clinical study [in Spanish]","volume":"33","author":"Justus \n              R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Justus \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Treatment of anterior open bite: a cephalometric and clinical study [in Spanish]. 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In press."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"27","article-title":"The compensatory mechanism in high-angle malocclusions: a comparison of subjects in the mixed and permanent dentition","volume":"69","author":"Betzenberger \n              D,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Betzenberger \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Ruf \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Pancherz \n              H. \n            \n          \n          The compensatory mechanism in high-angle malocclusions: a comparison of subjects in the mixed and permanent dentition. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:418\u2013423."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b31","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Effectiveness of the open bite treatment in growing children and adolescents. A systematic review [published online ahead of print","author":"Feres \n              MFN,","year":"2015]","unstructured":"Feres \n              MFN, \n            \n            \n              Abreu \n              LG, \n            \n            \n              Insabralde \n              NM, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              MR, \n            \n            \n              Flores-Mir \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Effectiveness of the open bite treatment in growing children and adolescents. A systematic review [published online ahead of print\n          July\n          1, 2015]. 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Dent Press J Orthod. 2011;16:123\u2013131."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"517","article-title":"Sucking habits and facial hyperdivergency as risk factors for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition","volume":"128","author":"Cozza \n              P,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cozza \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Baccetti \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Franchi \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Mucedero \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Polimeni \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Sucking habits and facial hyperdivergency as risk factors for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:517\u2013519."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b03","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"91","article-title":"Open bite: a review of etiology and management","volume":"19","author":"Ngan \n              P,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ngan \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Fields \n              HW. \n            \n          \n          Open bite: a review of etiology and management. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19:91\u201398."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"340","article-title":"Control of anterior vertical dimension and proper selection of extraoral anchorage","volume":"38","author":"Kuhn \n              RJ.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kuhn \n              RJ. \n            \n          \n          Control of anterior vertical dimension and proper selection of extraoral anchorage. 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Angle Orthod. 1991;61:71\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"506","article-title":"Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients","volume":"122","author":"Iscan \n              HN,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iscan \n              HN, \n            \n            \n              Din\u00e7er \n              M, \n            \n            \n              G\u00fcltan \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Meral \n              O, \n            \n            \n              Taner-Sarisoy \n              L. \n            \n          \n          Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:506\u2013511."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"487","article-title":"Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite","volume":"142","author":"Cassis \n              MA,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cassis \n              MA, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Janson \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Almeida-Pedrin \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              MR. \n            \n          \n          Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:487\u2013493."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"610","article-title":"Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chin cup therapy. A prospective randomized study","volume":"28","author":"Torres \n              F,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Torres \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Almeida \n              MR, \n            \n            \n              Almeida-Pedrin \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Pedrin \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Henriques \n              JFC. \n            \n          \n          Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chin cup therapy. A prospective randomized study. 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Angle Orthod. 2002;72:316\u2013323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"317","article-title":"Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype","volume":"118","author":"Sankey \n              WL,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sankey \n              WL, \n            \n            \n              Buschang \n              PH, \n            \n            \n              English \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Owen \n              AH\n              3rd. \n            \n          \n          Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:317\u2013327."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-6-969-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"617","article-title":"The reliability of head film measurements. 3. 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