{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:11:03Z","timestamp":1782187863208,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To assess the extent to which text messages on WhatsApp play a role in patient awareness of the importance of proper oral hygiene and flossing on a daily basis and to test the null hypothesis that daily text messages do not influence the flossing habits of orthodontics patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Forty-four patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances with a mean age of 14.3 years participated in the study. Patients (male and female) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 22): group 1, text messages sent via WhatsApp daily during the study period, and group 2 (control), no text messages received. Plaque index, gingival bleeding index, and halitosis were assessed at baseline and after 30 days. The results were analyzed and subjected to normality test, McNemar test, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There was a significant influence on flossing habits (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) and a significant reduction in plaque and gingival bleeding indices in group 1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). Group 1 had a significant reduction in halitosis (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Daily text messages seem to influence patient awareness of the importance of proper oral hygiene and flossing. The null hypothesis was rejected because those patients who received text messages every day changed their flossing habits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/012121-61.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T18:02:55Z","timestamp":1620151375000},"page":"650-655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Can text messages encourage flossing among orthodontic patients?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Juliana Borba","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara Correa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Guilherme","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Melo","family":"Pithon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b01","series-title":"J Appl Oral Sci","first-page":"399","article-title":"Guidelines for periodontal care and follow-up during orthodontic treatment in adolescents and young adults","volume":"20","author":"Levin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levin\n L,\n \n \n Einy\n S,\n \n \n Zigdon\n H,\n \n \n Aizenbud\n D,\n \n \n Machtei\n EE.\n \n \n Guidelines for periodontal care and follow-up during orthodontic treatment in adolescents and young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Appl Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t20:\n\t\t\t\t\t399\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t403."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"901","article-title":"Salivary microbial and nonmicrobial 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BK,\n \n \n Jost-Brinkmann\n PG,\n \n \n Song\n JS.\n \n \n Microbiologic changes in subgingival plaque before and during the early period of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t82:\n\t\t\t\t\t254\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t260."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e463","article-title":"Plaque levels of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances measured by digital plaque image analysis","volume":"139","author":"Klukowska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klukowska\n M,\n \n \n Bader\n A,\n \n \n Erbe\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n Plaque levels of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances measured by digital plaque image analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t139:\n\t\t\t\t\te463\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\te470."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"206","article-title":"Prevalence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances","volume":"81","author":"Tufekci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tufekci\n E,\n \n \n Dixon\n JS,\n \n \n Gunsolley\n JC,\n \n \n Lindauer\n SJ.\n \n \n Prevalence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t81:\n\t\t\t\t\t206\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t210."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"29","article-title":"The effect of a fluoride program on white spot formation during orthodontic treatment","volume":"93","author":"Geiger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Geiger\n AM,\n \n \n Gorelick\n L,\n \n \n Gwinnett\n AJ,\n \n \n Griswold\n PG.\n \n \n The effect of a fluoride program on white spot formation during orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t93:\n\t\t\t\t\t29\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t37."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"510","article-title":"Social media basics for orthodontists","volume":"141","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jorgensen\n G.\n \n \n Social media basics for orthodontists.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t141:\n\t\t\t\t\t510\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t515."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"543","article-title":"The influence of text messaging on oral hygiene effectiveness","volume":"85","author":"Bowen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowen\n TB,\n \n \n Rinchuse\n DJ,\n \n \n Zullo\n T,\n \n \n DeMaria\n ME.\n \n \n The influence of text messaging on oral hygiene effectiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t543\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t548."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b09","series-title":"Monogr Oral Sci","first-page":"195","article-title":"Halitosis","volume":"29","author":"Ortiz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ortiz\n V,\n \n \n Filippi\n A.\n \n \n Halitosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tMonogr Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t29:\n\t\t\t\t\t195\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t200."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b10","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"27","article-title":"Timetable for oral prevention in childhood-a current opinion","volume":"16","author":"Fleming","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fleming\n P.\n \n \n Timetable for oral prevention in childhood-a current opinion.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t27."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b11","series-title":"Oral Surgery Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol","first-page":"248","article-title":"WhatsApp: a telemedicine platform for facilitating remote oral medicine consultation and improving clinical examinations","volume":"121","author":"Petruzzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petruzzi\n M,\n \n \n De Benedittis\n M.\n \n \n WhatsApp: a telemedicine platform for facilitating remote oral medicine consultation and improving clinical examinations.\n\t\t\t\t\tOral Surgery Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t121:\n\t\t\t\t\t248\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t254."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b12","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"143","article-title":"Psychological aspects of orthodontics in clinical practice. Part one: treatment-specific variables","volume":"12","author":"Ukra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ukra\n A,\n \n \n Bennani\n F,\n \n \n Farella\n M.\n \n \n Psychological aspects of orthodontics in clinical practice. Part one: treatment-specific variables.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t12:\n\t\t\t\t\t143\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t148."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b13","series-title":"Med Teacher","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of WhatsApp use on academic achievement among Saudi medical students","author":"Alkhalaf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alkhalaf\n AM,\n \n \n Tekian\n A,\n \n \n Park\n YS.\n \n \n The impact of WhatsApp use on academic achievement among Saudi medical students.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Teacher.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t5."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"262","article-title":"Effect of automated messaging on oral hygiene in adolescent orthodontic patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Ross","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ross\n MC,\n \n \n Campbell\n PM,\n \n \n Tadlock\n LP,\n \n \n Taylor\n RW,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Effect of automated messaging on oral hygiene in adolescent orthodontic patients: a randomized controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t89:\n\t\t\t\t\t262\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t267."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b15","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients: a randomized controlled study on the effects of a post-treatment communication","volume":"17","author":"Cozzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cozzani\n M,\n \n \n Ragazzini\n G,\n \n \n Delucchi\n A,\n \n et al.\n \n Oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients: a randomized controlled study on the effects of a post-treatment communication.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t41."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"812","article-title":"Association between dental floss use and gingival conditions in orthodontic patients","volume":"140","author":"Zanatta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zanatta\n FB,\n \n \n Moreira\n CH,\n \n \n Rosing\n CK.\n \n \n Association between dental floss use and gingival conditions in orthodontic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t140:\n\t\t\t\t\t812\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t821."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b17","series-title":"Inf Orthod Kieferorthop","first-page":"271","article-title":"Introduction of a new plaque index designed for control and motivation of orthodontic patients","volume":"37","author":"Attin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Attin\n R.\n \n \n Introduction of a new plaque index designed for control and motivation of orthodontic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tInf Orthod Kieferorthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t37:\n\t\t\t\t\t271\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b18","series-title":"Int Dent J","first-page":"229","article-title":"Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque","volume":"25","author":"Ainamo","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ainamo\n J,\n \n \n Bay\n I.\n \n \n Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1975;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t229\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t235."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b19","series-title":"Rev Odontol UNESP","first-page":"299","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da percep\u00e7\u00e3o pessoal em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 condi\u00e7\u00e3o de halitose e confirma\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica","volume":"44","author":"Leandrin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leandrin\n TP,\n \n \n Boeck\n EM,\n \n \n Ricci\n HA,\n \n \n Andrade\n MF,\n \n \n Cerqueira-Leite\n JBB.\n \n \n Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da percep\u00e7\u00e3o pessoal em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 condi\u00e7\u00e3o de halitose e confirma\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Odontol UNESP.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t44:\n\t\t\t\t\t299\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b20","series-title":"Braz J Periodontol","first-page":"48","article-title":"Perspectivas atuais sobre halitose bucal: Revis\u00e3o de Literatura","volume":"25","author":"Butze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Butze\n J,\n \n \n Angst\n PDM,\n \n \n Gomes\n SC.\n \n \n Perspectivas atuais sobre halitose bucal: Revis\u00e3o de Literatura.\n\t\t\t\t\tBraz J Periodontol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t48\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t54."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"111","article-title":"The influence of text messages on the cooperation of Class II patients regarding the use of intermaxillary elastics","volume":"89","author":"Leone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leone\n SMM,\n \n \n de Souza-Constantino\n AM,\n \n \n Conti\n A,\n \n \n Filho\n LC,\n \n \n de Almeida-Pedrin\n RR.\n \n \n The influence of text messages on the cooperation of Class II patients regarding the use of intermaxillary elastics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle 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population","author":"Nammi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nammi\n K,\n \n \n Starke\n EM,\n \n \n Ou\n SS,\n \n et al.\n \n The effects of use of a powered and a manual home oral hygiene regimen on plaque and gum health in an orthodontic population.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Dent.2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t30(Spec No A):A1\u2013A8."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"101","article-title":"Usefulness of an app in improving oral hygiene compliance in adolescent orthodontic patients","volume":"86","author":"Zotti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zotti\n F,\n \n \n Dalessandri\n D,\n \n \n Salgarello\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Usefulness of an app in improving oral hygiene compliance in adolescent orthodontic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t86:\n\t\t\t\t\t101\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t107."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"760","article-title":"Efficacy of 3 toothbrush treatments on plaque removal in orthodontic patients assessed with digital plaque imaging: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"143","author":"Erbe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Erbe\n C,\n \n \n Klukowska\n M,\n \n \n Tsaknaki\n I,\n \n \n Timm\n H,\n \n \n Grender\n J,\n \n \n Wehrbein\n H.\n \n \n Efficacy of 3 toothbrush treatments on plaque removal in orthodontic patients assessed with digital plaque imaging: a randomized controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t143:\n\t\t\t\t\t760\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t766."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b26","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"204","article-title":"Reminders improve oral hygiene and adherence to appointments in orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammed\n H,\n \n \n Rizk\n MZ,\n \n \n Wafaie\n K,\n \n \n Ulhaq\n A,\n \n \n Almuzian\n M.\n \n \n Reminders improve oral hygiene and adherence to 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survey","volume":"64","author":"Andreassen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andreassen\n CS,\n \n \n Pallesen\n S,\n \n \n Griffiths\n MD.\n \n \n The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: findings from a large national survey.\n\t\t\t\t\tAddict Behav.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t64:\n\t\t\t\t\t287\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t293."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b29","series-title":"Psychol Behav Sci","first-page":"23","article-title":"Dimensions of social media addiction among university students in Kuwait","volume":"4","author":"Al-Menayes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Menayes\n JJ.\n \n \n Dimensions of social media addiction among university students in Kuwait.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychol Behav Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t23\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t28."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b30","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"486","article-title":"An application of the Health Action Process Approach model to oral hygiene behaviour and dental plaque in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"27","author":"Scheerman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scheerman\n JFM,\n \n \n van Empelen\n P,\n \n \n van Loveren\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n An application of the Health Action Process Approach model to oral hygiene behaviour and dental plaque in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t27:\n\t\t\t\t\t486\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t495."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b31","series-title":"J Breath Res","first-page":"026002","article-title":"Costa da Mota AC, Amancio OMS. Halitosis: prevalence and association with oral etiological factors in children and adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Guedes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guedes\n CC,\n \n \n Bussadori\n SK,\n \n \n Weber\n R,\n \n \n Motta\n LJ,\n \n \n Costa da Mota AC, Amancio OMS. Halitosis: prevalence and association with oral etiological factors in children and adolescents.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Breath Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t026002."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-5-650-b32","series-title":"Int J Oral Sci","first-page":"55","article-title":"Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach","volume":"4","author":"Bollen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bollen\n CM,\n \n \n Beikler\n T.\n \n \n Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t55\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t63."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/91\/5\/article-p650.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/91\/5\/650\/2887761\/i0003-3219-91-5-650.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/91\/5\/article-p650.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/91\/5\/article-p650.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:23:56Z","timestamp":1780061036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/91\/5\/article-p650.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/012121-61.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}