{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:02:26Z","timestamp":1780070546106,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ankylosis and the absence of premolars are two relatively common conditions encountered in the field of orthodontics. However, the absence of multiple premolars, particularly two adjacent premolars, along with ankylosis of deciduous teeth, is unusual. Herein, we present a case report and discuss some aspects related to these abnormalities. A 15-year-old boy was missing the upper right first and second premolars and the lower right and left second premolars. In addition, the deciduous lower left second molar was ankylosed and in infraocclusion, causing canting of the occlusal plane. The patient was treated with a mini-implant to correct the Class II malocclusion on the left side and a miniplate to correct the cant of the occlusal plan. After treatment, the upper right space was kept closed, with the canine in contact with the first molar, and the lower left space was opened to an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/012214-60.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,5]],"date-time":"2014-06-05T08:39:04Z","timestamp":1401957544000},"page":"134-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Absence of multiple premolars and ankylosis of deciduous molar with cant of the occlusal plane treated using skeletal anchorage"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Marcel M.","family":"Farret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton M. B.","family":"Farret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b01","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"217","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth","volume":"32","author":"Polder\n              BJ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Polder\n              BJ, \n            \n              Van't Hof\n              MA, \n            \n              Van der Linden\n              FP, \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM. \n          \n          A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32:217\u2013226."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b02","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"267","article-title":"Novel MSX1 frameshift causes autosomal-dominant oligodontia","volume":"85","author":"Kim\n              JW,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim\n              JW, \n            \n              Simmer\n              JP, \n            \n              Lin\n              BP, \n            \n              Hu\n              JC. \n          \n          Novel MSX1 frameshift causes autosomal-dominant oligodontia. J Dent Res. 2006;85:267\u2013271."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"437","article-title":"Congenitally missing mandibular second premolars: clinical options","volume":"130","author":"Kokich\n              VG,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VG, \n            \n              Kokich\n              VO. \n          \n          Congenitally missing mandibular second premolars: clinical options. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:437\u2013444."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"594","article-title":"Congenitally missing teeth: orthodontic management in the adolescent patient","volume":"121","author":"Kokich\n              VO\n              Jr.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VO\n              Jr. \n          \n          Congenitally missing teeth: orthodontic management in the adolescent patient. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:594\u2013595."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b05","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"323","article-title":"Strategies to finish orthodontic treatment with a Class III molar relationship: three patient reports","volume":"10","author":"Farret\n              MM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farret\n              MM, \n            \n              Farret\n              AM. \n          \n          Strategies to finish orthodontic treatment with a Class III molar relationship: three patient reports. World J Orthod. 2009;10:323\u2013333."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"676","article-title":"Congenitally missing mandibular second premolar: treatment outcome with orthodontic space closure","volume":"123","author":"Fines\n              CD,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fines\n              CD, \n            \n              Rebellato\n              J, \n            \n              Saiar\n              M. \n          \n          Congenitally missing mandibular second premolar: treatment outcome with orthodontic space closure. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:676\u2013682."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"239","article-title":"Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars","volume":"22","author":"Ith-Hansen\n              K,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ith-Hansen\n              K, \n            \n              Kjaer\n              I. \n          \n          Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:239\u2013243."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"792","article-title":"Hemisection: one large step toward management of congenitally missing lower second premolars","volume":"74","author":"Northway\n              W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Northway\n              W. \n          \n          Hemisection: one large step toward management of congenitally missing lower second premolars. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:792\u2013799."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b09","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"426","article-title":"Ankylosis: an orthodontic problem with a restorative solution","volume":"179","author":"Mullally\n              BH,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mullally\n              BH, \n            \n              Blakely\n              D, \n            \n              Burden\n              DJ. \n          \n          Ankylosis: an orthodontic problem with a restorative solution. Br Dent J. 1995;179:426\u2013429."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"404","article-title":"Ankylosis of primary molars\u2014a future periodontal threat to the first permanent molars","volume":"13","author":"Kurol\n              J,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kurol\n              J, \n            \n              Olson\n              L. \n          \n          Ankylosis of primary molars\u2014a future periodontal threat to the first permanent molars? Eur J Orthod. 1991;13:404\u2013409."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b11","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"613","article-title":"Hypodontia, ankylosis and infraocclusion: report of a case restored with a fibre-reinforced ceromeric bridge","volume":"191","author":"Sidhu\n              HK,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sidhu\n              HK, \n            \n              Ali\n              A. \n          \n          Hypodontia, ankylosis and infraocclusion: report of a case restored with a fibre-reinforced ceromeric bridge. Br Dent J. 2001;191:613\u2013616."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"799","article-title":"Late diagnosis of dentoalveolar ankylosis: impact on effectiveness and efficiency of orthodontic treatment","volume":"135","author":"Loriato\n              LB,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loriato\n              LB, \n            \n              Machado\n              AW, \n            \n              Souki\n              BQ, \n            \n              Pereira\n              TJ. \n          \n          Late diagnosis of dentoalveolar ankylosis: impact on effectiveness and efficiency of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:799\u2013808."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b13","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"144","article-title":"Alveolar ridge changes in patients congenitally missing mandibular second premolars","volume":"71","author":"Ostler\n              MS,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ostler\n              MS, \n            \n              Kokich\n              VG. \n          \n          Alveolar ridge changes in patients congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. J Prosthet Dent. 1994;71:144\u2013149."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S86","article-title":"Impacted and ankylosed teeth: why, when, and how to intervene","volume":"129","author":"Kurol\n              J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kurol\n              J. \n          \n          Impacted and ankylosed teeth: why, when, and how to intervene. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:S86\u2013S90."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Intrusion of supererupted molars with titanium miniplate anchorage","volume":"73","author":"Sherwood\n              KH,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sherwood\n              KH, \n            \n              Burch\n              J, \n            \n              Thompson\n              W. \n          \n          Intrusion of supererupted molars with titanium miniplate anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:597\u2013601."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Success rate of miniplate anchorage for bone anchored maxillary procrastino","volume":"81","author":"De Clerck\n              EEB,","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              EEB, \n            \n              Swennen\n              GRJ. \n          \n          Success rate of miniplate anchorage for bone anchored maxillary procrastino. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:1010\u20131013."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b17","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"243","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction","volume":"17","author":"Sugawara\n              J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              J, \n            \n              Baik\n              UB, \n            \n              Umemori\n              M, \n            \n          . Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 2002;17:243\u2013253."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction","volume":"115","author":"Umemori\n              M,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Umemori\n              M, \n            \n              Sugawara\n              J, \n            \n              Mitani\n              H, \n            \n              Nagasaka\n              H, \n            \n              Kawamura\n              H. \n          \n          Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:166\u2013174."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1074","article-title":"An adult bimaxillary protrusion treated with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and titanium miniplates","volume":"76","author":"Lino\n              S,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lino\n              S, \n            \n              Sakoda\n              S, \n            \n              Miyawaki\n              S. \n          \n          An adult bimaxillary protrusion treated with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and titanium miniplates. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:1074\u20131082."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"651","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of open bite in nongrowing patients","volume":"108","author":"Sarver\n              DM,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM, \n            \n              Weissman\n              SM. \n          \n          Nonsurgical treatment of open bite in nongrowing patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:651\u2013659."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"507","article-title":"Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention","volume":"113","author":"Melrose\n              C,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Melrose\n              C, \n            \n              Millett\n              DT. \n          \n          Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:507\u2013514."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b01","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"217","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth","volume":"32","author":"Polder\n              BJ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Polder\n              BJ, \n            \n              Van't Hof\n              MA, \n            \n              Van der Linden\n              FP, \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM. \n          \n          A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32:217\u2013226."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b02","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"267","article-title":"Novel MSX1 frameshift causes autosomal-dominant oligodontia","volume":"85","author":"Kim\n              JW,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim\n              JW, \n            \n              Simmer\n              JP, \n            \n              Lin\n              BP, \n            \n              Hu\n              JC. \n          \n          Novel MSX1 frameshift causes autosomal-dominant oligodontia. J Dent Res. 2006;85:267\u2013271."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"437","article-title":"Congenitally missing mandibular second premolars: clinical options","volume":"130","author":"Kokich\n              VG,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VG, \n            \n              Kokich\n              VO. \n          \n          Congenitally missing mandibular second premolars: clinical options. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:437\u2013444."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"594","article-title":"Congenitally missing teeth: orthodontic management in the adolescent patient","volume":"121","author":"Kokich\n              VO\n              Jr.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VO\n              Jr. \n          \n          Congenitally missing teeth: orthodontic management in the adolescent patient. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:594\u2013595."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b05","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"323","article-title":"Strategies to finish orthodontic treatment with a Class III molar relationship: three patient reports","volume":"10","author":"Farret\n              MM,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farret\n              MM, \n            \n              Farret\n              AM. \n          \n          Strategies to finish orthodontic treatment with a Class III molar relationship: three patient reports. World J Orthod. 2009;10:323\u2013333."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"676","article-title":"Congenitally missing mandibular second premolar: treatment outcome with orthodontic space closure","volume":"123","author":"Fines\n              CD,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fines\n              CD, \n            \n              Rebellato\n              J, \n            \n              Saiar\n              M. \n          \n          Congenitally missing mandibular second premolar: treatment outcome with orthodontic space closure. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:676\u2013682."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"239","article-title":"Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars","volume":"22","author":"Ith-Hansen\n              K,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ith-Hansen\n              K, \n            \n              Kjaer\n              I. \n          \n          Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:239\u2013243."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"792","article-title":"Hemisection: one large step toward management of congenitally missing lower second premolars","volume":"74","author":"Northway\n              W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Northway\n              W. \n          \n          Hemisection: one large step toward management of congenitally missing lower second premolars. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:792\u2013799."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b09","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"426","article-title":"Ankylosis: an orthodontic problem with a restorative solution","volume":"179","author":"Mullally\n              BH,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mullally\n              BH, \n            \n              Blakely\n              D, \n            \n              Burden\n              DJ. \n          \n          Ankylosis: an orthodontic problem with a restorative solution. Br Dent J. 1995;179:426\u2013429."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"404","article-title":"Ankylosis of primary molars\u2014a future periodontal threat to the first permanent molars","volume":"13","author":"Kurol\n              J,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kurol\n              J, \n            \n              Olson\n              L. \n          \n          Ankylosis of primary molars\u2014a future periodontal threat to the first permanent molars? Eur J Orthod. 1991;13:404\u2013409."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b11","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"613","article-title":"Hypodontia, ankylosis and infraocclusion: report of a case restored with a fibre-reinforced ceromeric bridge","volume":"191","author":"Sidhu\n              HK,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sidhu\n              HK, \n            \n              Ali\n              A. \n          \n          Hypodontia, ankylosis and infraocclusion: report of a case restored with a fibre-reinforced ceromeric bridge. Br Dent J. 2001;191:613\u2013616."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"799","article-title":"Late diagnosis of dentoalveolar ankylosis: impact on effectiveness and efficiency of orthodontic treatment","volume":"135","author":"Loriato\n              LB,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loriato\n              LB, \n            \n              Machado\n              AW, \n            \n              Souki\n              BQ, \n            \n              Pereira\n              TJ. \n          \n          Late diagnosis of dentoalveolar ankylosis: impact on effectiveness and efficiency of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:799\u2013808."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b13","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"144","article-title":"Alveolar ridge changes in patients congenitally missing mandibular second premolars","volume":"71","author":"Ostler\n              MS,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ostler\n              MS, \n            \n              Kokich\n              VG. \n          \n          Alveolar ridge changes in patients congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. J Prosthet Dent. 1994;71:144\u2013149."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S86","article-title":"Impacted and ankylosed teeth: why, when, and how to intervene","volume":"129","author":"Kurol\n              J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kurol\n              J. \n          \n          Impacted and ankylosed teeth: why, when, and how to intervene. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:S86\u2013S90."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Intrusion of supererupted molars with titanium miniplate anchorage","volume":"73","author":"Sherwood\n              KH,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sherwood\n              KH, \n            \n              Burch\n              J, \n            \n              Thompson\n              W. \n          \n          Intrusion of supererupted molars with titanium miniplate anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:597\u2013601."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Success rate of miniplate anchorage for bone anchored maxillary procrastino","volume":"81","author":"De Clerck\n              EEB,","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Clerck\n              EEB, \n            \n              Swennen\n              GRJ. \n          \n          Success rate of miniplate anchorage for bone anchored maxillary procrastino. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:1010\u20131013."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b17","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"243","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction","volume":"17","author":"Sugawara\n              J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              J, \n            \n              Baik\n              UB, \n            \n              Umemori\n              M, \n            \n          . Treatment and posttreatment dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of mandibular molars with application of a skeletal anchorage system (SAS) for open bite correction. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 2002;17:243\u2013253."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction","volume":"115","author":"Umemori\n              M,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Umemori\n              M, \n            \n              Sugawara\n              J, \n            \n              Mitani\n              H, \n            \n              Nagasaka\n              H, \n            \n              Kawamura\n              H. \n          \n          Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:166\u2013174."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1074","article-title":"An adult bimaxillary protrusion treated with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and titanium miniplates","volume":"76","author":"Lino\n              S,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lino\n              S, \n            \n              Sakoda\n              S, \n            \n              Miyawaki\n              S. \n          \n          An adult bimaxillary protrusion treated with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics and titanium miniplates. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:1074\u20131082."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"651","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of open bite in nongrowing patients","volume":"108","author":"Sarver\n              DM,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM, \n            \n              Weissman\n              SM. \n          \n          Nonsurgical treatment of open bite in nongrowing patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:651\u2013659."},{"key":"angl-86-04-19-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"507","article-title":"Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention","volume":"113","author":"Melrose\n              C,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Melrose\n              C, \n            \n              Millett\n              DT. \n          \n          Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:507\u2013514."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p134.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p134.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p134.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:41Z","timestamp":1780067201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/1\/article-p134.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/012214-60.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}