{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:07:06Z","timestamp":1780070826516,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To clarify whether occlusal hypofunction is one of the key determinants for root resorption during tooth movement and root resorption is prevented by its recovery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n The rats were randomly divided into one control and two experimental groups: hypofunctional and recovery groups. In the hypofunctional group, an anterior metal cap and bite plate were attached to the maxillary and mandibular incisors to simulate occlusal hypofunction. In the recovery group, the appliances were removed 7 weeks after their use, and the rats were allowed to bite for 4 weeks after removal. At the age of 16 weeks, the upper first molars were moved and after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days, the maxillae were resected. The resorption area was quantified morphohistologically and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells on the root surface were counted. We also examined the expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand (RANKL), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interleukin (IL)-8 immunohistochemically.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n The amount of root resorption and the number of TRAP-positive cells were significantly greater in the hypofunctional group than in the control and recovery groups. Moreover, immunoreactivity for RANKL, M-CSF, and IL-8 was detected in the periodontal ligament and on the root surface in the hypofunctional group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n Occlusal hypofunction is one of the critical factors for root resorption; however, root resorption may be prevented by recovery of occlusal function. (\n Angle Orthod. 0000;0:1\u20138<\/jats:italic>\n .)\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/012215-47.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T11:03:51Z","timestamp":1432033431000},"page":"214-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevention of root resorption in hypofunctional teeth by occlusal function recovery"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Employee practitioner, Hiroshima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Hiroshima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshitsugu","family":"Kawata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r1","series-title":"Arch Histol Cytol","first-page":"369","article-title":"Time-related changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors in rat molars after the loss of occlusal stimuli","volume":"63","author":"Muramoto\n T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muramoto\n T, \n \n Takano\n Y, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n Time-related changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors in rat molars after the loss of occlusal stimuli. Arch Histol Cytol. 2000;63:369\u2013380."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r2","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1242","article-title":"Histologic study of the influence of function on the human periodontal membrane","volume":"18","author":"Kronfeld\n R.","year":"1931","unstructured":"Kronfeld\n R. \n \n Histologic study of the influence of function on the human periodontal membrane. J Am Dent Assoc. 1931;18:1242\u20131274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r3","series-title":"Orthod Waves","first-page":"180","article-title":"Effect of hypofunction on the microvasculature in the periodontal ligament of the rat molar","volume":"57","author":"Tanaka\n A,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tanaka\n A, \n \n Iida\n J, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n Effect of hypofunction on the microvasculature in the periodontal ligament of the rat molar. Orthod Waves. 1998;57:180\u2013188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r4","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"486","article-title":"Root resorption related to hypofunctional periodontium in experimental tooth movement","volume":"82","author":"Sringkarnboriboon\n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sringkarnboriboon\n S, \n \n Matsumoto\n Y, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n Root resorption related to hypofunctional periodontium in experimental tooth movement. J Dent Res. 2003;82:486\u2013490."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"112","article-title":"Patterns of incisor root resorption before and after orthodontic correction in cases with anterior open bites","volume":"101","author":"Harris\n EF,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harris\n EF, \n \n Butler\n ML. \n \n Patterns of incisor root resorption before and after orthodontic correction in cases with anterior open bites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:112\u2013119."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r6","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"790","article-title":"Open bite as a risk factor for orthodontic root resorption","volume":"35","author":"Motokawa\n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Motokawa\n M, \n \n Terao\n A, \n \n Kaku\n M, \n et al\n . Open bite as a risk factor for orthodontic root resorption. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:790\u2013795."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Effects of long-term occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the morphogenesis of molar roots and the periodontium in rats","volume":"83","author":"Motokawa\n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Motokawa\n M, \n \n Terao\n A, \n \n Karadeniz\n EI, \n et al\n . Effects of long-term occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the morphogenesis of molar roots and the periodontium in rats. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:597\u2013604."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r8","series-title":"Orthod Waves","first-page":"165","article-title":"The effect of occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the periodontal tissues of the rat molars: ED1 immunohistochemical study","volume":"61","author":"Suhr\n ES,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suhr\n ES, \n \n Warita\n H, \n \n Iida\n J, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n The effect of occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the periodontal tissues of the rat molars: ED1 immunohistochemical study. Orthod Waves. 2002;61:165\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r9","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"252","article-title":"Inhibition of orthodontically induced root resorption with echistatin, an RGD-containing peptide","volume":"129","author":"Talic\n NF,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Talic\n NF, \n \n Evans\n C, \n \n Zaki\n AM. \n \n Inhibition of orthodontically induced root resorption with echistatin, an RGD-containing peptide. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:252\u2013260."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"502","article-title":"Expression of nitric oxide synthases in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"79","author":"Nilforoushan\n D,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nilforoushan\n D, \n \n Manolson\n MF. \n \n Expression of nitric oxide synthases in orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:502\u2013508."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Multi-nucleated cells remove the main hyalinized tissue and start resorption of adjacent root surfaces","volume":"16","author":"Brudvik\n P,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brudvik\n P, \n \n Rygh\n P. \n \n Multi-nucleated cells remove the main hyalinized tissue and start resorption of adjacent root surfaces. Eur J Orthod. 1994;16:265\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"The initial phase of orthodontic root resorption incident to local compression of the periodontal ligament","volume":"15","author":"Brudvik\n P,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brudvik\n P, \n \n Rygh\n P. \n \n The initial phase of orthodontic root resorption incident to local compression of the periodontal ligament. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:249\u2013263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"502","article-title":"Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar","volume":"78","author":"Gonzales\n C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzales\n C, \n \n Hotokezaka\n H, \n \n Yoshimatsu\n M, \n \n Yozgatian\n JH, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA, \n \n Yoshida\n N. \n \n Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:502\u2013509."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt","volume":"28","author":"Meikle\n MC.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meikle\n MC. \n \n The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:221\u2013240."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r15","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"337","article-title":"Osteoclast differentiation and activation","volume":"423","author":"Boyle\n WJ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boyle\n WJ, \n \n Simonet\n WS, \n \n Lacey\n DL. \n \n Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature. 2003;423:337\u2013342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"335","article-title":"Expressions of RANKL\/RANK and M-CSF\/c-fms in root resorption lacunae in rat molar by heavy orthodontic force","volume":"33","author":"Nakano\n Y,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakano\n Y, \n \n Yamaguchi\n M, \n \n Fujita\n S, \n \n Asano\n M, \n \n Saito\n K, \n \n Kasai\n K. \n \n Expressions of RANKL\/RANK and M-CSF\/c-fms in root resorption lacunae in rat molar by heavy orthodontic force. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:335\u2013343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r17","series-title":"J Electron Microsc (Tokyo)","first-page":"365","article-title":"Localization of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand, RANKL, in periodontal tissues during experimental movement of rat molars","volume":"50","author":"Shiotani\n A,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shiotani\n A, \n \n Shibasaki\n Y, \n \n Sasaki\n T. \n \n Localization of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand, RANKL, in periodontal tissues during experimental movement of rat molars. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2001;50:365\u2013369."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r18","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"28","article-title":"Interleukin-8 stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption is a mechanism for the increased osteolysis of metastatic bone disease","volume":"33","author":"Bendre\n MS,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bendre\n MS, \n \n Montague\n DC, \n \n Peery\n T\n \n , AkelNS, \n \n Gaddy\n D, \n \n Suva\n LJ. \n \n Interleukin-8 stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption is a mechanism for the increased osteolysis of metastatic bone disease. Bone. 2003;33:28\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r19","series-title":"Oral Dis","first-page":"489","article-title":"IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by excessive orthodontic force mediates odontoclastogenesis in periodontal tissues","volume":"17","author":"Asano\n M,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Asano\n M, \n \n Yamaguchi\n M, \n \n Nakajima\n R, \n et al\n . IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by excessive orthodontic force mediates odontoclastogenesis in periodontal tissues. Oral Dis. 2011;17:489\u2013498."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r1","series-title":"Arch Histol Cytol","first-page":"369","article-title":"Time-related changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors in rat molars after the loss of occlusal stimuli","volume":"63","author":"Muramoto\n T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muramoto\n T, \n \n Takano\n Y, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n Time-related changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors in rat molars after the loss of occlusal stimuli. Arch Histol Cytol. 2000;63:369\u2013380."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r2","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1242","article-title":"Histologic study of the influence of function on the human periodontal membrane","volume":"18","author":"Kronfeld\n R.","year":"1931","unstructured":"Kronfeld\n R. \n \n Histologic study of the influence of function on the human periodontal membrane. J Am Dent Assoc. 1931;18:1242\u20131274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r3","series-title":"Orthod Waves","first-page":"180","article-title":"Effect of hypofunction on the microvasculature in the periodontal ligament of the rat molar","volume":"57","author":"Tanaka\n A,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tanaka\n A, \n \n Iida\n J, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n Effect of hypofunction on the microvasculature in the periodontal ligament of the rat molar. Orthod Waves. 1998;57:180\u2013188."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r4","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"486","article-title":"Root resorption related to hypofunctional periodontium in experimental tooth movement","volume":"82","author":"Sringkarnboriboon\n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sringkarnboriboon\n S, \n \n Matsumoto\n Y, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n Root resorption related to hypofunctional periodontium in experimental tooth movement. J Dent Res. 2003;82:486\u2013490."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"112","article-title":"Patterns of incisor root resorption before and after orthodontic correction in cases with anterior open bites","volume":"101","author":"Harris\n EF,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harris\n EF, \n \n Butler\n ML. \n \n Patterns of incisor root resorption before and after orthodontic correction in cases with anterior open bites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:112\u2013119."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r6","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"790","article-title":"Open bite as a risk factor for orthodontic root resorption","volume":"35","author":"Motokawa\n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Motokawa\n M, \n \n Terao\n A, \n \n Kaku\n M, \n et al\n . Open bite as a risk factor for orthodontic root resorption. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:790\u2013795."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Effects of long-term occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the morphogenesis of molar roots and the periodontium in rats","volume":"83","author":"Motokawa\n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Motokawa\n M, \n \n Terao\n A, \n \n Karadeniz\n EI, \n et al\n . Effects of long-term occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the morphogenesis of molar roots and the periodontium in rats. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:597\u2013604."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r8","series-title":"Orthod Waves","first-page":"165","article-title":"The effect of occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the periodontal tissues of the rat molars: ED1 immunohistochemical study","volume":"61","author":"Suhr\n ES,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suhr\n ES, \n \n Warita\n H, \n \n Iida\n J, \n \n Soma\n K. \n \n The effect of occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the periodontal tissues of the rat molars: ED1 immunohistochemical study. Orthod Waves. 2002;61:165\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r9","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"252","article-title":"Inhibition of orthodontically induced root resorption with echistatin, an RGD-containing peptide","volume":"129","author":"Talic\n NF,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Talic\n NF, \n \n Evans\n C, \n \n Zaki\n AM. \n \n Inhibition of orthodontically induced root resorption with echistatin, an RGD-containing peptide. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:252\u2013260."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"502","article-title":"Expression of nitric oxide synthases in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"79","author":"Nilforoushan\n D,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nilforoushan\n D, \n \n Manolson\n MF. \n \n Expression of nitric oxide synthases in orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:502\u2013508."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Multi-nucleated cells remove the main hyalinized tissue and start resorption of adjacent root surfaces","volume":"16","author":"Brudvik\n P,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brudvik\n P, \n \n Rygh\n P. \n \n Multi-nucleated cells remove the main hyalinized tissue and start resorption of adjacent root surfaces. Eur J Orthod. 1994;16:265\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"The initial phase of orthodontic root resorption incident to local compression of the periodontal ligament","volume":"15","author":"Brudvik\n P,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brudvik\n P, \n \n Rygh\n P. \n \n The initial phase of orthodontic root resorption incident to local compression of the periodontal ligament. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:249\u2013263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"502","article-title":"Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar","volume":"78","author":"Gonzales\n C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzales\n C, \n \n Hotokezaka\n H, \n \n Yoshimatsu\n M, \n \n Yozgatian\n JH, \n \n Darendeliler\n MA, \n \n Yoshida\n N. \n \n Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:502\u2013509."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt","volume":"28","author":"Meikle\n MC.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meikle\n MC. \n \n The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:221\u2013240."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r15","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"337","article-title":"Osteoclast differentiation and activation","volume":"423","author":"Boyle\n WJ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boyle\n WJ, \n \n Simonet\n WS, \n \n Lacey\n DL. \n \n Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature. 2003;423:337\u2013342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"335","article-title":"Expressions of RANKL\/RANK and M-CSF\/c-fms in root resorption lacunae in rat molar by heavy orthodontic force","volume":"33","author":"Nakano\n Y,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakano\n Y, \n \n Yamaguchi\n M, \n \n Fujita\n S, \n \n Asano\n M, \n \n Saito\n K, \n \n Kasai\n K. \n \n Expressions of RANKL\/RANK and M-CSF\/c-fms in root resorption lacunae in rat molar by heavy orthodontic force. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:335\u2013343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r17","series-title":"J Electron Microsc (Tokyo)","first-page":"365","article-title":"Localization of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand, RANKL, in periodontal tissues during experimental movement of rat molars","volume":"50","author":"Shiotani\n A,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shiotani\n A, \n \n Shibasaki\n Y, \n \n Sasaki\n T. \n \n Localization of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand, RANKL, in periodontal tissues during experimental movement of rat molars. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2001;50:365\u2013369."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r18","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"28","article-title":"Interleukin-8 stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption is a mechanism for the increased osteolysis of metastatic bone disease","volume":"33","author":"Bendre\n MS,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bendre\n MS, \n \n Montague\n DC, \n \n Peery\n T\n \n , AkelNS, \n \n Gaddy\n D, \n \n Suva\n LJ. \n \n Interleukin-8 stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption is a mechanism for the increased osteolysis of metastatic bone disease. Bone. 2003;33:28\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-214-r19","series-title":"Oral Dis","first-page":"489","article-title":"IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by excessive orthodontic force mediates odontoclastogenesis in periodontal tissues","volume":"17","author":"Asano\n M,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Asano\n M, \n \n Yamaguchi\n M, \n \n Nakajima\n R, \n et al\n . IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by excessive orthodontic force mediates odontoclastogenesis in periodontal tissues. Oral Dis. 2011;17:489\u2013498."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/2\/article-p214.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/86\/2\/214\/1398323\/012215-47_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/2\/article-p214.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/2\/article-p214.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:32:29Z","timestamp":1780068749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/2\/article-p214.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/012215-47.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}