{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:33:43Z","timestamp":1789605223827,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether there was a correlation between patients' bone thickness and time spent in orthodontic treatment. The secondary aim was to study the influence of Angle classification, extraction treatment, and age on overall treatment duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this retrospective study, records of 971 orthodontic patients from two centers were reviewed and 500 subjects were included after imposing inclusion\/exclusion criteria. The Mental Index was used to determine patients' bone density. For the Mental Index, a line perpendicular to the inferior border of the mandible was drawn on a panoramic radiograph so that it intersected the inferior border of the mental foramen. The mandibular cortical thickness was measured along this line. Two-sample\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test or a chi-square test, followed by multiple linear regression, were used to identify the factors affecting treatment duration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mandibular cortical thickness was negatively associated with treatment time for all subjects (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). After adjusting for covariables, it remained significant for center-1, but non-significant for center-2 subjects. Angle Class II and Class III malocclusion, extraction therapy, and age had significant positive correlations with treatment duration (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a negative correlation between the mandibular cortical thickness and orthodontic treatment duration. An extraction treatment plan and treatment of Angle Class II and Class III malocclusions significantly increase the duration of orthodontic treatment. Additionally, patients over 12 years of age have shorter treatment times compared to patients under 12 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/012220-42.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T16:30:52Z","timestamp":1600101052000},"page":"794-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Is there a relationship between mandibular cortical bone thickness and orthodontic treatment time?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Landin-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhur","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Tadinada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"533","article-title":"Influence of severity of malocclusion on the duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"63","author":"Grewe","year":"1973","unstructured":"Grewe\n              JW,\n            \n            \n              Hermanson\n              PC.\n            \n          \n          Influence of severity of malocclusion on the duration of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1973;\n\t\t\t\t\t63:\n\t\t\t\t\t533\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t536."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b02","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"59","article-title":"Factors related to orthodontic treatment time in adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Melo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melo\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Carneiro\n              LO,\n            \n            \n              Pontes\n              LF,\n            \n            \n              Cecim\n              RL,\n            \n            \n              de Mattos\n              JN,\n            \n            \n              Normando\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors related to orthodontic treatment time in adult patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t59\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t63."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"439","article-title":"An evaluation of factors affecting duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"115","author":"Beckwith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beckwith\n              FR,\n            \n            \n              Ackerman\n              RJ\n              Jr,\n            \n            \n              Cobb\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Tira\n              DE.\n            \n          \n          An evaluation of factors affecting duration of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t115:\n\t\t\t\t\t439\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t447."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"102","author":"Fink","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fink\n              DF,\n            \n            \n              Smith\n              RJ.\n            \n          \n          The duration of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t102:\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t51."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"178","article-title":"Pretreatment characteristics associated with orthodontic treatment duration","volume":"137","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fisher\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Wenger\n              RM,\n            \n            \n              Hans\n              MG.\n            \n          \n          Pretreatment characteristics associated with orthodontic treatment duration.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t137:\n\t\t\t\t\t178\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"386","article-title":"Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Mavreas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mavreas\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Athanasiou\n              AE.\n            \n          \n          Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t386\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t395."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b07","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"602","article-title":"Treatment overruns","volume":"20","author":"Shia","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shia\n              GJ.\n            \n          \n          Treatment overruns.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t20:\n\t\t\t\t\t602\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t604."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: A pilot study of five selected practices","volume":"97","author":"Vig","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vig\n              PS,\n            \n            \n              Weintraub\n              JA,\n            \n            \n              Brown\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Kowalski\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: A pilot study of five selected practices.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t97:\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t51."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"245","article-title":"The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat","volume":"93","author":"Bridges","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bridges\n              T,\n            \n            \n              King\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Mohammed\n              A.\n            \n          \n          The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t93:\n\t\t\t\t\t245\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t250."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"766","article-title":"The effect of bone morphometric changes on orthodontic tooth movement in an osteoporotic animal model","volume":"83","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hashimoto\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Hotokezaka\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Sirisoontorn\n              I,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The effect of bone morphometric changes on orthodontic tooth movement in an osteoporotic animal model.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t83:\n\t\t\t\t\t766\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t773."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b11","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"821","article-title":"Diagnosing osteoporosis by using dental panoramic radiographs: The OSTEODENT project","volume":"104","author":"Devlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Devlin\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Karayianni\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Mitsea\n              A,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Diagnosing osteoporosis by using dental panoramic radiographs: The OSTEODENT project.\n\t\t\t\t\tOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t104:\n\t\t\t\t\t821\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t828."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b12","series-title":"Br J Radiol","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Mandibular bone mineral density as a predictor of skeletal osteoporosis","volume":"69","author":"Horner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Horner\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Devlin\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Alsop\n              CW,\n            \n            \n              Hodgkinson\n              IM,\n            \n            \n              Adams\n              JE.\n            \n          \n          Mandibular bone mineral density as a predictor of skeletal osteoporosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t69:\n\t\t\t\t\t1019\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1025."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b13","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"337","article-title":"The relationship between mandibular bone mineral density and panoramic radiographic measurements","volume":"26","author":"Horner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Horner\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Devlin\n              H.\n            \n          \n          The relationship between mandibular bone mineral density and panoramic radiographic measurements.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t26:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b14","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"141","article-title":"The reproducibility of the mandibular cortical index","volume":"28","author":"Jowitt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jowitt\n              N,\n            \n            \n              MacFarlane\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Devlin\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Klemetti\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Horner\n              K.\n            \n          \n          The reproducibility of the mandibular cortical index.\n\t\t\t\t\tDentomaxillofac Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t144."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b15","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"285","article-title":"The use of visual assessment of dental radiographs for identifying women at risk of having osteoporosis: the OSTEODENT project","volume":"106","author":"Lindh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lindh\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Horner\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Jonasson\n              G,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The use of visual assessment of dental radiographs for identifying women at risk of having osteoporosis: the OSTEODENT project.\n\t\t\t\t\tOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t106:\n\t\t\t\t\t285\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t293."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b16","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"263","article-title":"Usefulness of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Width and morphology of inferior cortex of the mandible","volume":"25","author":"Taguchi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taguchi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Suei\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Ohtsuka\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Otani\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Ohtaki\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Usefulness of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Width and morphology of inferior cortex of the mandible.\n\t\t\t\t\tDentomaxillofac Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t263\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t267."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b17","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"147","article-title":"Orthodontic process and outcome: efficacy studies\u2014strategies for developing process and outcome measures: a new era in orthodontics","volume":"1","author":"Vig","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vig\n              K W L,\n            \n            \n              Weyant\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Vayda\n              D,\n            \n            \n              O'Brien\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Bennett\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic process and outcome: efficacy studies\u2014strategies for developing process and outcome measures: a new era in orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Orthod Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t1:\n\t\t\t\t\t147\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t155."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b18","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"364","article-title":"Duration of treatment: Class I vs. Class II malocclusions (Abstract)","volume":"73","author":"Colela","year":"1994","unstructured":"Colela\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Izen\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Mcgrogan\n              R,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Duration of treatment: Class I vs. Class II malocclusions (Abstract).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t73:\n\t\t\t\t\t364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b19","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"52","article-title":"Comparison of Class I and Class II treatment duration among three different orthodontic practices","volume":"12","author":"Popowich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Popowich\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Flores-Mir\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Nebbe\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Heo\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Major\n              PW.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of Class I and Class II treatment duration among three different orthodontic practices.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t12:\n\t\t\t\t\t52\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t59."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b20","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"163","article-title":"Does patient age affect duration or success of orthodontic treatment? (Abstract)","volume":"74","author":"Vayda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vayda\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Korsch\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Weyant\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Vig\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Vig\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Does patient age affect duration or success of orthodontic treatment? (Abstract).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t74:\n\t\t\t\t\t163."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"523","article-title":"Age effects on orthodontic treatment: adolescents contrasted with adults","volume":"100","author":"Dyer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dyer\n              GS,\n            \n            \n              Harris\n              EF,\n            \n            \n              Vaden\n              JL.\n            \n          \n          Age effects on orthodontic treatment: adolescents contrasted with adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1991;\n\t\t\t\t\t100:\n\t\t\t\t\t523\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t530."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"533","article-title":"Influence of severity of malocclusion on the duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"63","author":"Grewe","year":"1973","unstructured":"Grewe\n              JW,\n            \n            \n              Hermanson\n              PC.\n            \n          \n          Influence of severity of malocclusion on the duration of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1973;\n\t\t\t\t\t63:\n\t\t\t\t\t533\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t536."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b02","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"59","article-title":"Factors related to orthodontic treatment time in adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Melo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melo\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Carneiro\n              LO,\n            \n            \n              Pontes\n              LF,\n            \n            \n              Cecim\n              RL,\n            \n            \n              de Mattos\n              JN,\n            \n            \n              Normando\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Factors related to orthodontic treatment time in adult patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t59\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t63."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"439","article-title":"An evaluation of factors affecting duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"115","author":"Beckwith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beckwith\n              FR,\n            \n            \n              Ackerman\n              RJ\n              Jr,\n            \n            \n              Cobb\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Tira\n              DE.\n            \n          \n          An evaluation of factors affecting duration of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t115:\n\t\t\t\t\t439\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t447."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"102","author":"Fink","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fink\n              DF,\n            \n            \n              Smith\n              RJ.\n            \n          \n          The duration of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t102:\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t51."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"178","article-title":"Pretreatment characteristics associated with orthodontic treatment duration","volume":"137","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fisher\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Wenger\n              RM,\n            \n            \n              Hans\n              MG.\n            \n          \n          Pretreatment characteristics associated with orthodontic treatment duration.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t137:\n\t\t\t\t\t178\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"386","article-title":"Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Mavreas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mavreas\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Athanasiou\n              AE.\n            \n          \n          Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t386\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t395."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b07","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"602","article-title":"Treatment overruns","volume":"20","author":"Shia","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shia\n              GJ.\n            \n          \n          Treatment overruns.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t20:\n\t\t\t\t\t602\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t604."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: A pilot study of five selected practices","volume":"97","author":"Vig","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vig\n              PS,\n            \n            \n              Weintraub\n              JA,\n            \n            \n              Brown\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Kowalski\n              CJ.\n            \n          \n          The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: A pilot study of five selected practices.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t97:\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t51."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"245","article-title":"The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat","volume":"93","author":"Bridges","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bridges\n              T,\n            \n            \n              King\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Mohammed\n              A.\n            \n          \n          The effect of age on tooth movement and mineral density in the alveolar tissues of the rat.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t93:\n\t\t\t\t\t245\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t250."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"766","article-title":"The effect of bone morphometric changes on orthodontic tooth movement in an osteoporotic animal model","volume":"83","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hashimoto\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Hotokezaka\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Sirisoontorn\n              I,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The effect of bone morphometric changes on orthodontic tooth movement in an osteoporotic animal model.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t83:\n\t\t\t\t\t766\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t773."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b11","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"821","article-title":"Diagnosing osteoporosis by using dental panoramic radiographs: The OSTEODENT project","volume":"104","author":"Devlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Devlin\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Karayianni\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Mitsea\n              A,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Diagnosing osteoporosis by using dental panoramic radiographs: The OSTEODENT project.\n\t\t\t\t\tOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t104:\n\t\t\t\t\t821\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t828."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b12","series-title":"Br J Radiol","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Mandibular bone mineral density as a predictor of skeletal osteoporosis","volume":"69","author":"Horner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Horner\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Devlin\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Alsop\n              CW,\n            \n            \n              Hodgkinson\n              IM,\n            \n            \n              Adams\n              JE.\n            \n          \n          Mandibular bone mineral density as a predictor of skeletal osteoporosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t69:\n\t\t\t\t\t1019\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1025."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b13","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"337","article-title":"The relationship between mandibular bone mineral density and panoramic radiographic measurements","volume":"26","author":"Horner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Horner\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Devlin\n              H.\n            \n          \n          The relationship between mandibular bone mineral density and panoramic radiographic measurements.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t26:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b14","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"141","article-title":"The reproducibility of the mandibular cortical index","volume":"28","author":"Jowitt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jowitt\n              N,\n            \n            \n              MacFarlane\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Devlin\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Klemetti\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Horner\n              K.\n            \n          \n          The reproducibility of the mandibular cortical index.\n\t\t\t\t\tDentomaxillofac Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t144."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b15","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"285","article-title":"The use of visual assessment of dental radiographs for identifying women at risk of having osteoporosis: the OSTEODENT project","volume":"106","author":"Lindh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lindh\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Horner\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Jonasson\n              G,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The use of visual assessment of dental radiographs for identifying women at risk of having osteoporosis: the OSTEODENT project.\n\t\t\t\t\tOral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t106:\n\t\t\t\t\t285\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t293."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b16","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"263","article-title":"Usefulness of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Width and morphology of inferior cortex of the mandible","volume":"25","author":"Taguchi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taguchi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Suei\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Ohtsuka\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Otani\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Tanimoto\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Ohtaki\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Usefulness of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Width and morphology of inferior cortex of the mandible.\n\t\t\t\t\tDentomaxillofac Radiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t263\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t267."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b17","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"147","article-title":"Orthodontic process and outcome: efficacy studies\u2014strategies for developing process and outcome measures: a new era in orthodontics","volume":"1","author":"Vig","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vig\n              K W L,\n            \n            \n              Weyant\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Vayda\n              D,\n            \n            \n              O'Brien\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Bennett\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic process and outcome: efficacy studies\u2014strategies for developing process and outcome measures: a new era in orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Orthod Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t1:\n\t\t\t\t\t147\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t155."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b18","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"364","article-title":"Duration of treatment: Class I vs. Class II malocclusions (Abstract)","volume":"73","author":"Colela","year":"1994","unstructured":"Colela\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Izen\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Mcgrogan\n              R,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Duration of treatment: Class I vs. Class II malocclusions (Abstract).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t73:\n\t\t\t\t\t364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b19","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"52","article-title":"Comparison of Class I and Class II treatment duration among three different orthodontic practices","volume":"12","author":"Popowich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Popowich\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Flores-Mir\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Nebbe\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Heo\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Major\n              PW.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of Class I and Class II treatment duration among three different orthodontic practices.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t12:\n\t\t\t\t\t52\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t59."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b20","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"163","article-title":"Does patient age affect duration or success of orthodontic treatment? (Abstract)","volume":"74","author":"Vayda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vayda\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Korsch\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Weyant\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Vig\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Vig\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Does patient age affect duration or success of orthodontic treatment? (Abstract).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t74:\n\t\t\t\t\t163."},{"key":"i0003-3219-90-6-794-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"523","article-title":"Age effects on orthodontic treatment: adolescents contrasted with adults","volume":"100","author":"Dyer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dyer\n              GS,\n            \n            \n              Harris\n              EF,\n            \n            \n              Vaden\n              JL.\n            \n          \n          Age effects on orthodontic treatment: adolescents contrasted with adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1991;\n\t\t\t\t\t100:\n\t\t\t\t\t523\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t530."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/90\/6\/article-p794.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/90\/6\/794\/2693391\/i0003-3219-90-6-794.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/90\/6\/article-p794.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/90\/6\/article-p794.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:14:15Z","timestamp":1780060455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/90\/6\/article-p794.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/012220-42.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}