{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1780067200879,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Class III malocclusion due to a retrognathic maxilla is common in patients with cleft lip and palate. Skeletally anchored maxillary protraction using screw-anchored mini-plates combined with intraoral elastics has shown promising results in achieving orthopedic changes and maintaining the outcome until the completion of the growth. This case report presents the course of treatment in a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate and multiple congenitally missing teeth treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction until the end of growth. Four mini-plates (Bollard plates) were used during comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment to protract the dentition and close the space where teeth were missing, extrude the canine, and force eruption of the second premolar using extension arms and cantilevers. A 2-year follow-up at age 17 showed stable occlusion and maintenance of soft tissue results. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction treatment in a patient with cleft lip and palate demonstrates proper orthopedic results and could be a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/012424-56.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T20:01:13Z","timestamp":1727294473000},"page":"572-581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nonsurgical orthodontic treatment using bone-anchored maxillary protraction in a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Azami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Program Director, Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Farha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Boston, MA, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"537","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in unilateral cleft lip and palate: a cephalometric appraisal","volume":"41","author":"Faco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faco R,\nYatabe M,\nCevidanes LHS,\nTimmerman H,\nDe Clerck HJ,\nGarib D. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in unilateral cleft lip and palate: a cephalometric appraisal. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(5):537\u2013543."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Initial growth pattern of children with cleft before alveolar bone graft stage according to cleft type","volume":"81","author":"Seo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seo YJ,\nPark JW,\nKim YH,\nBaek SH. Initial growth pattern of children with cleft before alveolar bone graft stage according to cleft type. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(6):1103\u20131110."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b03","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"176","article-title":"Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Mandall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandall N,\nCousley R,\nDiBiase A, et al. Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up. J Orthod. 2012;39(3):176\u2013185."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"The effect of facemask in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Palikaraki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palikaraki G,\nMakrygiannakis MA,\nZafeiriadis AA, et al. The effect of facemask in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2021;43(1):69\u201379."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b05","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"514","article-title":"Maxillary protraction in patients with cleft lip and palate in mixed dentition: cephalometric evaluation after completion of growth","volume":"51","author":"Susami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Susami T,\nOkayasu M,\nInokuchi T, et al. Maxillary protraction in patients with cleft lip and palate in mixed dentition: cephalometric evaluation after completion of growth. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2014;51(5):514\u2013524."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b06","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cephalometric predictors of future need for orthognathic surgery in korean patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate despite long-term use of facemask with miniplate","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu SH,\nBaek SH,\nChoi JY,\nLee JH,\nKim S,\nOn SW. Cephalometric predictors of future need for orthognathic surgery in korean patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate despite long-term use of facemask with miniplate. Korean J Orthod. 2021;51(1):43\u201354."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"307","article-title":"Comparison of facemask therapy effects using skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee HJ,\nChoi DS,\nJang I,\nCha BK. Comparison of facemask therapy effects using skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(3):307\u2013314."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck H,\nCevidanes L,\nBaccetti T. Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(5):577\u2013581."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b09","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"60","article-title":"Prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in a German cleft lip with\/without palate population","volume":"21","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller LH,\nPradel W,\nGedrange T,\nBotzenhart UU. Prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in a German cleft lip with\/without palate population. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):60."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b10","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"244","article-title":"The Americleft study: an inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 2. Dental arch relationships","volume":"48","author":"Hathaway","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hathaway R,\nDaskalogiannakis J,\nMercado A, et al. The Americleft study: an inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 2. Dental arch relationships. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011;48(3):244\u2013251."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"599","article-title":"Precision and reliability of Dolphin 3-dimensional voxel-based superimposition","volume":"153","author":"Bazina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bazina M,\nCevidanes L,\nRuellas A, et al. Precision and reliability of Dolphin 3-dimensional voxel-based superimposition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;153(4):599\u2013606."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"327","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: 3-dimensional assessment of maxillary effects","volume":"152","author":"Yatabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yatabe M,\nGarib DG,\nFaco RAS, et al. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: 3-dimensional assessment of maxillary effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(3):327\u2013335."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b13","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"2429","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion","volume":"23","author":"Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren Y,\nSteegman R,\nDieters A,\nJansma J,\nStamatakis H. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(5):2429\u20132441."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"539","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"90","author":"Elabbassy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elabbassy EH,\nSabet NE,\nHassan IT,\nElghoul DH,\nElkassaby MA. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Angle Orthod. 2020;90(4):539\u2013547."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"790","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen T,\nCevidanes L,\nCornelis MA,\nHeymann G,\nde Paula LK,\nDe Clerck H. Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(6):790\u2013798."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"274","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary protraction with intermaxillary elastics to miniplates","volume":"137","author":"Heymann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heymann GC,\nCevidanes L,\nCornelis M,\nDe Clerck HJ,\nTulloch JF. Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary protraction with intermaxillary elastics to miniplates. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137(2):274\u2013284."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"423","article-title":"Mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with UCLP: a 3-D preliminary assessment","volume":"87","author":"Yatabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yatabe M,\nGarib D,\nFaco R, et al. Mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with UCLP: a 3-D preliminary assessment. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(3):423\u2013431."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Use of shape correspondence analysis to quantify skeletal changes associated with bone-anchored Class III correction","volume":"84","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen T,\nCevidanes L,\nPaniagua B,\nZhu H,\nKoerich L,\nDe Clerck H. Use of shape correspondence analysis to quantify skeletal changes associated with bone-anchored Class III correction. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(2):329\u2013336."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"205","article-title":"Are there bone dehiscences in maxillary canines orthodontically moved into the grafted alveolar cleft","volume":"147","author":"Yatabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yatabe MS,\nOzawa TO,\nJanson G,\nFaco RA,\nGarib DG. Are there bone dehiscences in maxillary canines orthodontically moved into the grafted alveolar cleft? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(2):205\u2013213."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"537","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in unilateral cleft lip and palate: a cephalometric appraisal","volume":"41","author":"Faco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faco R,\nYatabe M,\nCevidanes LHS,\nTimmerman H,\nDe Clerck HJ,\nGarib D. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in unilateral cleft lip and palate: a cephalometric appraisal. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(5):537\u2013543."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Initial growth pattern of children with cleft before alveolar bone graft stage according to cleft type","volume":"81","author":"Seo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seo YJ,\nPark JW,\nKim YH,\nBaek SH. Initial growth pattern of children with cleft before alveolar bone graft stage according to cleft type. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(6):1103\u20131110."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b03","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"176","article-title":"Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Mandall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandall N,\nCousley R,\nDiBiase A, et al. Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up. J Orthod. 2012;39(3):176\u2013185."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"The effect of facemask in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Palikaraki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palikaraki G,\nMakrygiannakis MA,\nZafeiriadis AA, et al. The effect of facemask in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2021;43(1):69\u201379."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b05","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"514","article-title":"Maxillary protraction in patients with cleft lip and palate in mixed dentition: cephalometric evaluation after completion of growth","volume":"51","author":"Susami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Susami T,\nOkayasu M,\nInokuchi T, et al. Maxillary protraction in patients with cleft lip and palate in mixed dentition: cephalometric evaluation after completion of growth. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2014;51(5):514\u2013524."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b06","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cephalometric predictors of future need for orthognathic surgery in korean patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate despite long-term use of facemask with miniplate","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu SH,\nBaek SH,\nChoi JY,\nLee JH,\nKim S,\nOn SW. Cephalometric predictors of future need for orthognathic surgery in korean patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate despite long-term use of facemask with miniplate. Korean J Orthod. 2021;51(1):43\u201354."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"307","article-title":"Comparison of facemask therapy effects using skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee HJ,\nChoi DS,\nJang I,\nCha BK. Comparison of facemask therapy effects using skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(3):307\u2013314."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"577","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients","volume":"138","author":"De Clerck","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Clerck H,\nCevidanes L,\nBaccetti T. Dentofacial effects of bone-anchored maxillary protraction: a controlled study of consecutively treated Class III patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(5):577\u2013581."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b09","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"60","article-title":"Prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in a German cleft lip with\/without palate population","volume":"21","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller LH,\nPradel W,\nGedrange T,\nBotzenhart UU. Prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in a German cleft lip with\/without palate population. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):60."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b10","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"244","article-title":"The Americleft study: an inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 2. Dental arch relationships","volume":"48","author":"Hathaway","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hathaway R,\nDaskalogiannakis J,\nMercado A, et al. The Americleft study: an inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 2. Dental arch relationships. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011;48(3):244\u2013251."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"599","article-title":"Precision and reliability of Dolphin 3-dimensional voxel-based superimposition","volume":"153","author":"Bazina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bazina M,\nCevidanes L,\nRuellas A, et al. Precision and reliability of Dolphin 3-dimensional voxel-based superimposition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;153(4):599\u2013606."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"327","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: 3-dimensional assessment of maxillary effects","volume":"152","author":"Yatabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yatabe M,\nGarib DG,\nFaco RAS, et al. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: 3-dimensional assessment of maxillary effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(3):327\u2013335."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b13","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"2429","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion","volume":"23","author":"Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren Y,\nSteegman R,\nDieters A,\nJansma J,\nStamatakis H. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(5):2429\u20132441."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"539","article-title":"Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"90","author":"Elabbassy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elabbassy EH,\nSabet NE,\nHassan IT,\nElghoul DH,\nElkassaby MA. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Angle Orthod. 2020;90(4):539\u2013547."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"790","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction","volume":"140","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen T,\nCevidanes L,\nCornelis MA,\nHeymann G,\nde Paula LK,\nDe Clerck H. Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(6):790\u2013798."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"274","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary protraction with intermaxillary elastics to miniplates","volume":"137","author":"Heymann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heymann GC,\nCevidanes L,\nCornelis M,\nDe Clerck HJ,\nTulloch JF. Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary protraction with intermaxillary elastics to miniplates. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137(2):274\u2013284."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"423","article-title":"Mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with UCLP: a 3-D preliminary assessment","volume":"87","author":"Yatabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yatabe M,\nGarib D,\nFaco R, et al. Mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with UCLP: a 3-D preliminary assessment. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(3):423\u2013431."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Use of shape correspondence analysis to quantify skeletal changes associated with bone-anchored Class III correction","volume":"84","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen T,\nCevidanes L,\nPaniagua B,\nZhu H,\nKoerich L,\nDe Clerck H. Use of shape correspondence analysis to quantify skeletal changes associated with bone-anchored Class III correction. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(2):329\u2013336."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-5-572-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"205","article-title":"Are there bone dehiscences in maxillary canines orthodontically moved into the grafted alveolar cleft","volume":"147","author":"Yatabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yatabe MS,\nOzawa TO,\nJanson G,\nFaco RA,\nGarib DG. Are there bone dehiscences in maxillary canines orthodontically moved into the grafted alveolar cleft? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(2):205\u2013213."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/5\/article-p572.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2319\/012424-56.1\/3433153\/10.2319_012424-56.1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/5\/article-p572.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/5\/article-p572.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:40:49Z","timestamp":1780065649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/5\/article-p572.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/012424-56.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}