{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T17:03:15Z","timestamp":1780074195867,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser gingivectomy as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in the management of periodontal health among patients receiving fixed orthodontic appliance therapy (FOAT).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty patients undergoing FOAT with gingival enlargement were block randomized into two treatment groups. The test group received diode laser gingivectomy (940-nm diode laser, ezlase, Biolase Technology Inc) as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The control group received nonsurgical periodontal treatment only. For both groups, five periodontal parameters were assessed at baseline, 1\u00a0month, 3\u00a0months, and 6\u00a0months: Plaque Index, Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and Gingival Overgrowth Index. Intra- and intergroup variations in the periodontal parameters were determined over time.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in periodontal health over the study period (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). However, significant improvements in periodontal health were evident earlier among the test group subjects (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). The magnitude of improvement in periodontal health compared to baseline was greater in the test group than in the control group for Gingival Overgrowth Index at 1\u00a0month (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) and 3\u00a0months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05), Gingival Index at 3\u00a0months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) and 6\u00a0months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05), and probing pocket depth at 1\u00a0month (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Nonsurgical periodontal management with or without the adjunct use of lasers can be effective in the management of gingival health problems among patients receiving FOAT. The adjunctive use of lasers can produce an earlier and greater improvement in gingival health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/012612-66.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]],"date-time":"2012-05-16T12:15:26Z","timestamp":1337170526000},"page":"43-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The adjunct effectiveness of diode laser gingivectomy in maintaining periodontal health during orthodontic treatment"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Tony N. F.","family":"To","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Orthodontics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Bakr M.","family":"Rabie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Orthodontics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricky W. K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Orthodontics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colman P.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Periodontology and Dental Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment","volume":"42","author":"Zachrisson\n S ,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Zachrisson\n S , \n \n Zachrisson\n BU . \n \n Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment . Angle Orthod . 1972 ;42 :26 \u201334 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"402","article-title":"Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. I. Loss of attachment, gingival pocket depth and clinical crown height","volume":"43","author":"Zachrisson\n BU ,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Zachrisson\n BU , \n \n Alnaes\n L . \n \n Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. I. Loss of attachment, gingival pocket depth and clinical crown height . Angle Orthod . 1973 ;43 :402 \u2013411 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"271","article-title":"Changes in gingiva and gingival flora with bonding and banding","volume":"57","author":"Sinclair\n PM ,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sinclair\n PM , \n \n Berry\n CW , \n \n Bennett\n CL , \n \n Israelson\n H . \n \n Changes in gingiva and gingival flora with bonding and banding . Angle Orthod . 1987 ;57 :271 \u2013278 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"257","article-title":"Gingiva and orthodontic treatment","volume":"13","author":"Krishnan\n V ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krishnan\n V , \n \n Ambili\n R , \n \n Davidovitch\n Z , \n \n Murphy\n NC . \n \n Gingiva and orthodontic treatment . Semin Orthod . 2007 ;13 :257 \u2013271 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b05","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"326","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"14","author":"Diamanti-Kipioti\n A ,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kipioti\n A , \n \n Gusberti\n FA , \n \n Lang\n NP . \n \n Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances . J Clin Periodontol . 1987 ;14 :326 \u2013333 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b06","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"217","article-title":"Risk factors for drug-induced gingival overgrowth","volume":"27","author":"Seymour\n RA ,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Seymour\n RA , \n \n Ellis\n JS , \n \n Thomason\n JM . \n \n Risk factors for drug-induced gingival overgrowth . J Clin Periodontol . 2000 ;27 :217 \u2013223 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"127","article-title":"The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium","volume":"44","author":"Kloehn\n JS ,","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kloehn\n JS , \n \n Pfeifer\n JS . \n \n The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium . Angle Orthod . 1974 ;44 :127 \u2013134 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b08","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"229","article-title":"Salient periodontal issues for the modern biologic orthodontist","volume":"14","author":"Palomo\n L ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palomo\n L , \n \n Palomo\n JM , \n \n Bissada\n NF . \n \n Salient periodontal issues for the modern biologic orthodontist . Semin Orthod . 2008 ;14 :229 \u2013245 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b09","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"131","article-title":"Treatment of drug-induced gingival enlargement: aesthetic and functional considerations","volume":"27","author":"Camargo\n PM ,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Camargo\n PM , \n \n Melnick\n PR , \n \n Pirih\n FQ , \n \n Lagos\n R , \n \n Takei\n HH . \n \n Treatment of drug-induced gingival enlargement: aesthetic and functional considerations . Periodontol 2000 . 2001 ;27 :131 \u2013138 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"208","article-title":"Oral hygiene program for orthodontic patients","volume":"96","author":"Yeung\n SC ,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yeung\n SC , \n \n Howell\n S , \n \n Fahey\n P . \n \n Oral hygiene program for orthodontic patients . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1989 ;96 :208 \u2013213 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b11","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"434","article-title":"The management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth","volume":"33","author":"Mavrogiannis\n M ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mavrogiannis\n M , \n \n Ellis\n JS , \n \n Thomason\n JM , \n \n Seymour\n RA . \n \n The management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth . J Clin Periodontol . 2006 ;33 :434 \u2013439 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b12","series-title":"Spec Care Dentist","first-page":"46","article-title":"Drug-induced gingival enlargement: Biofilm control and surgical therapy with gallium\u2013aluminum\u2013arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser\u2014A 2-year follow-up","volume":"30","author":"De Oliveira Guar\u00e9\n R ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Oliveira Guar\u00e9\n R , \n \n Costa\n SC , \n \n Baeder\n F , \n \n De Souza Merli\n LA , \n \n Dos Santos\n MT . \n \n Drug-induced gingival enlargement: Biofilm control and surgical therapy with gallium\u2013aluminum\u2013arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser\u2014A 2-year follow-up . Spec Care Dentist . 2010 ;30 :46 \u201352 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b13","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Drug-associated gingival enlargement (informational paper)","volume":"75","year":"2004","unstructured":"American Academy of Periodontology . Drug-associated gingival enlargement (informational paper) . J Periodontol . 2004 ;75 :1424 \u20131431 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b14","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"381","article-title":"Nd: YAG and diode laser in the surgical management of soft tissues related to orthodontic treatment","volume":"25","author":"Fornaini\n C ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fornaini\n C , \n \n Rocca\n JP , \n \n Bertrand\n MF , \n \n Merigo\n E , \n \n Nammour\n S , \n \n Vescovi\n P . \n \n Nd: YAG and diode laser in the surgical management of soft tissues related to orthodontic treatment . Photomed Laser Surg . 2007 ;25 :381 \u2013392 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S110","article-title":"Soft-tissue lasers in orthodontics: an overview","volume":"133","author":"Kravitz\n ND ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kravitz\n ND , \n \n Kusnoto\n B . \n \n Soft-tissue lasers in orthodontics: an overview . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2008 ;133 :S110 \u2013S114 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"85","article-title":"Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring","volume":"127","author":"Sarver\n DM ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sarver\n DM , \n \n Yanosky\n M . \n \n Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2005 ;127 :85 \u201390 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b17","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"59","article-title":"Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy","volume":"36","author":"Aoki\n A ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aoki\n A , \n \n Sasaki\n KM , \n \n Watanabe\n H , \n \n Ishikawa\n I . \n \n Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy . Periodontol 2000 . 2004 ;36 :59 \u201397 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b18","series-title":"Lasers Surg Med","first-page":"401","article-title":"Effects on oral soft tissue produced by a diode laser in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Goharkhay\n K ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goharkhay\n K , \n \n Moritz\n A , \n \n Wilder-Smith\n P , \n et al . \n Effects on oral soft tissue produced by a diode laser in vitro . Lasers Surg Med . 1999 ;25 :401 \u2013406 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b19","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"677","article-title":"The efficacy of three different surgical techniques in the management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth","volume":"33","author":"Mavrogiannis\n M ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mavrogiannis\n M , \n \n Ellis\n JS , \n \n Seymour\n RA , \n \n Thomason\n JM . \n \n The efficacy of three different surgical techniques in the management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth . J Clin Periodontol . 2006 ;33 :677 \u2013682 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b20","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"204","article-title":"Lasers in dentistry: separating science from hype","volume":"135","author":"Dederich\n DN ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dederich\n DN , \n \n Bushick\n RD . \n \n Lasers in dentistry: separating science from hype . J Am Dent Assoc . 2004 ;135 :204 \u2013212 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b21","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"29","article-title":"Laser application in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Schwarz\n F ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schwarz\n F , \n \n Aoki\n A , \n \n Becker\n J , \n \n Sculean\n A . \n \n Laser application in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review . J Clin Periodontol . 2008 ;35 :29 \u201344 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b22","series-title":"Dent Clin North Am","first-page":"35","article-title":"Lasers and the treatment of chronic periodontitis","volume":"54","author":"Cobb\n CM ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cobb\n CM , \n \n Low\n SB , \n \n Coluzzi\n DJ . \n \n Lasers and the treatment of chronic periodontitis . Dent Clin North Am . 2010 ;54 :35 \u201353 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b23","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"2021","article-title":"The effect of laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in subjects with chronic periodontitis: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Karlsson\n MR ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karlsson\n MR , \n \n L\u00f6fgren\n CI , \n \n Jansson\n HM . \n \n The effect of laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in subjects with chronic periodontitis: a systematic review . J Periodontol . 2008 ;79 :2021 \u20132028 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b24","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"121","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condtion","volume":"22","author":"Silness\n J ,","year":"1964","unstructured":"Silness\n J , \n \n L\u00f6e\n H . \n \n Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condtion . Acta Odontol Scand . 1964 ;22 :121 \u2013135 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b25","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"533","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f6e\n H ,","year":"1963","unstructured":"L\u00f6e\n H , \n \n Silness\n J . \n \n Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity . Acta Odontol Scand . 1963 ;21 :533 \u2013551 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b26","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"257","article-title":"Bleeding on probing as it relates to probing pressure and gingival health","volume":"18","author":"Lang\n NP ,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lang\n NP , \n \n Nyman\n S , \n \n Senn\n C , \n \n Joss\n A . \n \n Bleeding on probing as it relates to probing pressure and gingival health . J Clin Periodontol . 1991 ;18 :257 \u2013261 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b27","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"898","article-title":"Incidence of diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia","volume":"34","author":"Angelopoulos\n AP ,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Angelopoulos\n AP , \n \n Goaz\n PW . \n \n Incidence of diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1972 ;34 :898 \u2013906 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b28","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effectiveness of periodontal treatments on cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in transplant patients","volume":"183","author":"Somacarrera\n ML ,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Somacarrera\n ML , \n \n Lucas\n M , \n \n Scully\n C , \n \n Barrios\n C . \n \n Effectiveness of periodontal treatments on cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in transplant patients . Br Dent J . 1997 ;183 :89 \u201394 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b29","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"18","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"8","author":"Schulz\n KF ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulz\n KF , \n \n Altman\n DG , \n \n Moher\n D . \n \n CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials . BMC Med . 2010 ;8 :18 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b30","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"187","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal tissues in adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Ristic\n M ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ristic\n M , \n \n Svabic\n MV , \n \n Sasic\n M , \n \n Zelic\n O . \n \n Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal tissues in adolescents . Orthod Craniofac Res . 2007 ;10 :187 \u2013195 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment","volume":"42","author":"Zachrisson\n S ,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Zachrisson\n S , \n \n Zachrisson\n BU . \n \n Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment . Angle Orthod . 1972 ;42 :26 \u201334 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"402","article-title":"Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. I. Loss of attachment, gingival pocket depth and clinical crown height","volume":"43","author":"Zachrisson\n BU ,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Zachrisson\n BU , \n \n Alnaes\n L . \n \n Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. I. Loss of attachment, gingival pocket depth and clinical crown height . Angle Orthod . 1973 ;43 :402 \u2013411 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"271","article-title":"Changes in gingiva and gingival flora with bonding and banding","volume":"57","author":"Sinclair\n PM ,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sinclair\n PM , \n \n Berry\n CW , \n \n Bennett\n CL , \n \n Israelson\n H . \n \n Changes in gingiva and gingival flora with bonding and banding . Angle Orthod . 1987 ;57 :271 \u2013278 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"257","article-title":"Gingiva and orthodontic treatment","volume":"13","author":"Krishnan\n V ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krishnan\n V , \n \n Ambili\n R , \n \n Davidovitch\n Z , \n \n Murphy\n NC . \n \n Gingiva and orthodontic treatment . Semin Orthod . 2007 ;13 :257 \u2013271 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b05","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"326","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"14","author":"Diamanti-Kipioti\n A ,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kipioti\n A , \n \n Gusberti\n FA , \n \n Lang\n NP . \n \n Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances . J Clin Periodontol . 1987 ;14 :326 \u2013333 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b06","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"217","article-title":"Risk factors for drug-induced gingival overgrowth","volume":"27","author":"Seymour\n RA ,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Seymour\n RA , \n \n Ellis\n JS , \n \n Thomason\n JM . \n \n Risk factors for drug-induced gingival overgrowth . J Clin Periodontol . 2000 ;27 :217 \u2013223 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"127","article-title":"The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium","volume":"44","author":"Kloehn\n JS ,","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kloehn\n JS , \n \n Pfeifer\n JS . \n \n The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium . Angle Orthod . 1974 ;44 :127 \u2013134 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b08","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"229","article-title":"Salient periodontal issues for the modern biologic orthodontist","volume":"14","author":"Palomo\n L ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palomo\n L , \n \n Palomo\n JM , \n \n Bissada\n NF . \n \n Salient periodontal issues for the modern biologic orthodontist . Semin Orthod . 2008 ;14 :229 \u2013245 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b09","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"131","article-title":"Treatment of drug-induced gingival enlargement: aesthetic and functional considerations","volume":"27","author":"Camargo\n PM ,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Camargo\n PM , \n \n Melnick\n PR , \n \n Pirih\n FQ , \n \n Lagos\n R , \n \n Takei\n HH . \n \n Treatment of drug-induced gingival enlargement: aesthetic and functional considerations . Periodontol 2000 . 2001 ;27 :131 \u2013138 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"208","article-title":"Oral hygiene program for orthodontic patients","volume":"96","author":"Yeung\n SC ,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yeung\n SC , \n \n Howell\n S , \n \n Fahey\n P . \n \n Oral hygiene program for orthodontic patients . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1989 ;96 :208 \u2013213 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b11","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"434","article-title":"The management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth","volume":"33","author":"Mavrogiannis\n M ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mavrogiannis\n M , \n \n Ellis\n JS , \n \n Thomason\n JM , \n \n Seymour\n RA . \n \n The management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth . J Clin Periodontol . 2006 ;33 :434 \u2013439 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b12","series-title":"Spec Care Dentist","first-page":"46","article-title":"Drug-induced gingival enlargement: Biofilm control and surgical therapy with gallium\u2013aluminum\u2013arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser\u2014A 2-year follow-up","volume":"30","author":"De Oliveira Guar\u00e9\n R ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Oliveira Guar\u00e9\n R , \n \n Costa\n SC , \n \n Baeder\n F , \n \n De Souza Merli\n LA , \n \n Dos Santos\n MT . \n \n Drug-induced gingival enlargement: Biofilm control and surgical therapy with gallium\u2013aluminum\u2013arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser\u2014A 2-year follow-up . Spec Care Dentist . 2010 ;30 :46 \u201352 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b13","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Drug-associated gingival enlargement (informational paper)","volume":"75","year":"2004","unstructured":"American Academy of Periodontology . Drug-associated gingival enlargement (informational paper) . J Periodontol . 2004 ;75 :1424 \u20131431 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b14","series-title":"Photomed Laser Surg","first-page":"381","article-title":"Nd: YAG and diode laser in the surgical management of soft tissues related to orthodontic treatment","volume":"25","author":"Fornaini\n C ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fornaini\n C , \n \n Rocca\n JP , \n \n Bertrand\n MF , \n \n Merigo\n E , \n \n Nammour\n S , \n \n Vescovi\n P . \n \n Nd: YAG and diode laser in the surgical management of soft tissues related to orthodontic treatment . Photomed Laser Surg . 2007 ;25 :381 \u2013392 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S110","article-title":"Soft-tissue lasers in orthodontics: an overview","volume":"133","author":"Kravitz\n ND ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kravitz\n ND , \n \n Kusnoto\n B . \n \n Soft-tissue lasers in orthodontics: an overview . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2008 ;133 :S110 \u2013S114 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"85","article-title":"Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring","volume":"127","author":"Sarver\n DM ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sarver\n DM , \n \n Yanosky\n M . \n \n Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2005 ;127 :85 \u201390 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b17","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"59","article-title":"Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy","volume":"36","author":"Aoki\n A ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aoki\n A , \n \n Sasaki\n KM , \n \n Watanabe\n H , \n \n Ishikawa\n I . \n \n Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy . Periodontol 2000 . 2004 ;36 :59 \u201397 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b18","series-title":"Lasers Surg Med","first-page":"401","article-title":"Effects on oral soft tissue produced by a diode laser in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Goharkhay\n K ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goharkhay\n K , \n \n Moritz\n A , \n \n Wilder-Smith\n P , \n et al . \n Effects on oral soft tissue produced by a diode laser in vitro . Lasers Surg Med . 1999 ;25 :401 \u2013406 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-43-b19","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"677","article-title":"The efficacy of three different surgical techniques in the management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth","volume":"33","author":"Mavrogiannis\n M ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mavrogiannis\n M , \n \n Ellis\n JS , \n \n Seymour\n RA , \n \n Thomason\n JM . \n \n The efficacy of three different surgical techniques in the management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth . 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