{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:44:47Z","timestamp":1783763087987,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To test the null hypothesis that the spheno-occipital synchondrosis does not show bony displacement in response to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) therapy in youngsters.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 16 computed tomography (CT) records were taken from 8 growing patients (2 males and 6 females), before (T0) and after (T1) treatment with RME. All patients had been diagnosed originally with transverse maxillary deficiency. The mean chronological age of the patients was 9.8 \u00b1 1.8 years (range, 8 to 11.4 years). High-resolution multislice multidetector CT was used to study quantitatively the extent of the opening of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis following RME. A low-dose CT scan protocol was used (80 kV, 10 mA) and the data file of each patient was transferred to a workstation where the anteroposterior width of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was measured on axial images.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Before treatment with RME (T0), the anteroposterior mean width of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was 1.73 \u00b1 0.46 mm immediately after the active phase of expansion (T1), and the width of the synchondrosis increased to 2.30 \u00b1 0.47. This difference was statistically significant according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Rapid maxillary expansion leads to a small immediate widening of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in youngsters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/012709-56.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,15]],"date-time":"2009-10-15T01:00:59Z","timestamp":1255568459000},"page":"106-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Rapid Maxillary Expansion Affects the Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis in Youngsters"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Rosalia","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Corresponding author: Dr Rosalia Leonardi, Department of Orthodontics, University of Catania, via S. Sofia n 78, Catania, Italy (rleonard@unict.it)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Cutrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ersilia","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b1","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"8","article-title":"Skeletal effects to the maxilla after rapid maxillary expansion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography.","volume":"134","author":"Garrett, B. J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garrett, B. J., J. M.Caruso, K.Rungcharassaeng, J. R.Farrage, J. S.Kim, and G. D.Taylor. 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A.\n          \n          Changes in nasal airflow incident to rapid maxillary expansion.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1968. 38:1\u201311."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b4","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening.","volume":"58","author":"Wertz, R. A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wertz, R. A.\n          \n          Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1970. 58:41\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b5","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"Study of stress distribution and displacement of various craniofacial structures following application of transverse orthopedic forces\u2014a three-dimensional FEM study.","volume":"73","author":"Jafari, A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jafari, A., K. S.Shetty, and M.Kumar. 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Stress distribution and displacement analysis during an intermaxillary disjunction\u2014a three-dimensional FEM study of a human skull.J Biomech2008. 41:376\u2013382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b7","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"54","article-title":"Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the cranial base\u2014an FEM-analysis.","volume":"66","author":"Holberg, C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holberg, C.\n          \n          Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the cranial base\u2014an FEM-analysis.\n          J Orofac Orthop\n          2005. 66:54\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b8","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"543","article-title":"Stresses at the cranial base induced by rapid maxillary expansion.","volume":"76","author":"Holberg, C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holberg, C. and I.Rudzki-Janson. 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On the FEM modeling of craniofacial changes during rapid maxillary expansion.Med Eng Phys2007. 29:566\u2013579."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"437","article-title":"Evaluation of craniofacial effects during rapid maxillary expansion through combined in vivo\/in vitro and finite element studies.","volume":"30","author":"Provatidis, C. G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Provatidis, C. G., B.Georgiopoulos, A.Kotinas, and J. P.McDonald. Evaluation of craniofacial effects during rapid maxillary expansion through combined in vivo\/in vitro and finite element studies.Eur J Orthod2008. 30:437\u2013448."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"146","article-title":"Cranioskeletal displacements caused by rapid palatal expansion in the rhesus monkey.","volume":"59","author":"Gardner, G. E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gardner, G. E. and J. H.Kronman. Cranioskeletal displacements caused by rapid palatal expansion in the rhesus monkey.Am J Orthod1971. 59:146\u2013155."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"759","article-title":"Nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansion effects on craniofacial structures in young adult females: a bone scintigraphy study.","volume":"76","author":"Baydas, B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baydas, B., I.Yavuz, H.Uslu, I. M.Dagsuyu, and I.Ceylan. Nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansion effects on craniofacial structures in young adult females: a bone scintigraphy study.Angle Orthod2006. 76:759\u2013767."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b14","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"701","article-title":"Chondrocyte proliferation of the cranial base cartilage upon in vivo mechanical stresses.","volume":"81","author":"Wang, X.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang, X. and J. J.Mao. Chondrocyte proliferation of the cranial base cartilage upon in vivo mechanical stresses.J Dent Res2002. 81:701\u2013705."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"433","article-title":"Cranial base features in skeletal Class III patients.","volume":"78","author":"Proff, P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Proff, P., F.Will, I.Bokan, J.Fanghanel, and T.Gedrange. Cranial base features in skeletal Class III patients.Angle Orthod2008. 78:433\u2013439."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b16","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"356","article-title":"Growth in the external cranial base evaluated on human dry skulls, using nerve canal openings as references.","volume":"55","author":"Sejrsen, B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sejrsen, B., J.Jakobsen, L. T.Skovgaard, and I.Kjaer. Growth in the external cranial base evaluated on human dry skulls, using nerve canal openings as references.Acta Odontol Scand1997. 55:356\u2013364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"749","article-title":"Periodontal effects of rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-tissue-borne and tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation.","volume":"129","author":"Garib, D. G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garib, D. G., J. F.Henriques, G.Janson, M. R.de Freitas, and A. Y.Fernandes. Periodontal effects of rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-tissue-borne and tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 129:749\u2013758."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"389","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion studied with low-dose computed tomography in growing subjects.","volume":"134","author":"Lione, R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lione, R., F.Ballanti, L.Franchi, T.Baccetti, and P.Cozza. 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Evaluation of the effects of rapid maxillary expansion in growing children using computer tomography scanning: a pilot study.Eur J Orthod2007. 29:37\u201344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"382","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.","volume":"83","author":"Houston, W. J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston, W. J.\n          \n          The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1983. 83:382\u2013390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b22","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"349","article-title":"The human spheno-occipital synchondrosis. I. The time of closure appraised macroscopically.","volume":"30","author":"Ingervall, B.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ingervall, B. and B.Thilander. The human spheno-occipital synchondrosis. I. The time of closure appraised macroscopically.Acta Odontol Scand1972. 30:349\u2013356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b23","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"323","article-title":"The human spheno-occipital synchondrosis. II. A histological and microradiographic study of its growth.","volume":"31","author":"Thilander, B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Thilander, B. and B.Ingervall. The human spheno-occipital synchondrosis. II. A histological and microradiographic study of its growth.Acta Odontol Scand1973. 31:323\u2013334."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b24","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"73","article-title":"Time of closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis determined on dry skulls: a radiographic craniometric study.","volume":"27","author":"Melsen, B.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Melsen, B.\n          \n          Time of closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis determined on dry skulls: a radiographic craniometric study.\n          Acta Odontol Scand\n          1969. 27:73\u201390."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"5e1","article-title":"Stress and displacement patterns in the craniofacial skeleton with rapid maxillary expansion: a finite element method study.","volume":"132","author":"Gautam, P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gautam, P., A.Valiathan, and R.Adhikari. Stress and displacement patterns in the craniofacial skeleton with rapid maxillary expansion: a finite element method study.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2007. 132:5e1\u2013e11."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"178","article-title":"Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion. 3. Forces present during retention.","volume":"35","author":"Zimring, J. F.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zimring, J. F. and R. J.Isaacson. Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion. 3. Forces present during retention.Angle Orthod1965. 35:178\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"The postnatal development of the palatomaxillary region studied on human autopsy material.","volume":"82","author":"Melsen, B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Melsen, B. and F.Melsen. The postnatal development of the palatomaxillary region studied on human autopsy material.Am J Orthod1982. 82:329\u2013342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"442","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of rapid maxillary expansion.","volume":"77","author":"Garib, D. G.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garib, D. G., J. F.Henriques, P. E.Carvalho, and S. C.Gomes. Longitudinal effects of rapid maxillary expansion.Angle Orthod2007. 77:442\u2013448."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"215","article-title":"Factors regulating endochondral ossification in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis.","volume":"78","author":"Lei, W. Y.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lei, W. Y., R. W.Wong, and A. B.Rabie. Factors regulating endochondral ossification in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis.Angle Orthod2008. 78:215\u2013220."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b30","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"690","article-title":"Effect of tensile force on expression of PTHrP and thickness of hypertrophic zone in organ-cultured mouse spheno-occipital synchondroses.","volume":"53","author":"Rukkulchon, B. K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rukkulchon, B. K. and R. W.Wong. Effect of tensile force on expression of PTHrP and thickness of hypertrophic zone in organ-cultured mouse spheno-occipital synchondroses.Arch Oral Biol2008. 53:690\u2013699."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-106-b31","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Accelerated chondrogenesis of the rabbit cranial base growth plate by oscillatory mechanical stimuli.","volume":"17","author":"Wang, X.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang, X. and J. J.Mao. Accelerated chondrogenesis of the rabbit cranial base growth plate by oscillatory mechanical stimuli.J Bone Miner Res2002. 17:1843\u20131850."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p106.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/80\/1\/106\/1392754\/012709-56_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p106.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p106.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:49:10Z","timestamp":1747356550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/1\/article-p106.xml"}},"subtitle":["A Study with Low-Dose Computed Tomography"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/012709-56.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}