{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T23:37:24Z","timestamp":1773358644307,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To characterize the craniofacial features of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Fifty patients with SCA in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated using standardized photographs (front and profile) for a subjective facial analysis and digital radiographs for a computerized cephalometric analysis. To obtain linear and angular measurements, cephalometric points were marked on the digital images by a single examiner, using the program Radiocef 6.0, and facial analyses were performed by four different orthodontists.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Of the population studied, 28 patients were female with a mean age of 27.7\u00a0years. Most of the patients (64%) had their faces classified as esthetically acceptable, although results showed a predominance of convex profiles (72%). The mean of the SNA angle was 84.56\u00b0, diagnosing proper positioning of the maxilla from the base of the skull. The prevalence of pattern II was 32%, and 31% showed maxillary protrusion; the effective length of the maxilla was reduced in 64%. Retrusion of the mandible was observed in 30%, and 76% had reduced mandibular length. Four measurements (mandibular length, maxillary length, anterior face height, and maxillomandibular difference) showed statistically significant differences between genders, where these measurements were higher for males than for females.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Most patients did not show compensatory maxillary expansion, which was determined by the prevalence of decreased maxillary length (64%) and by the absence of maxillary protrusion in 69% of the SCA patients evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/012910-61.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,11]],"date-time":"2010-10-11T19:27:24Z","timestamp":1286825244000},"page":"115-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Facial features of patients with sickle cell anemia"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Naiara Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f4nio","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo D.","family":"Coletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Helena","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Bonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Batista","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herc\u00edlio Martelli","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b01","series-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade Publica","first-page":"943","article-title":"Epidemiologia de interna\u00e7\u00f5es por doen\u00e7a falciforme no Brasil.","volume":"39","author":"Loureiro, M. M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loureiro, M. M. and S.Rozenfeld. Epidemiologia de interna\u00e7\u00f5es por doen\u00e7a falciforme no Brasil.Rev Sa\u00fade Publica2005. 39:943\u2013949."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b02","series-title":"Bull World Health Org","first-page":"704","article-title":"Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem.","volume":"79","author":"Weatherall, D. J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weatherall, D. J. and J. B.Clegg. Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem.Bull World Health Org2001. 79:704\u2013712."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b03","series-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent","first-page":"140","article-title":"Dental considerations in the management of children suffering from sickle cell disease: a case report.","volume":"25","author":"Ramakrishna, Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramakrishna, Y.\n          \n          Dental considerations in the management of children suffering from sickle cell disease: a case report.\n          J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent\n          2007. 25:140\u2013143."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b04","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"762","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of sickle cell disease.","volume":"337","author":"Bunn, H. F.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bunn, H. F.\n          \n          Pathogenesis and treatment of sickle cell disease.\n          N Engl J Med\n          1997. 337:762\u2013769."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b05","series-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot","first-page":"77","article-title":"Physiopathological basis of sickle cell disease, management and current therapeutics.","volume":"94","author":"Galacteros, F.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Galacteros, F.\n          \n          Physiopathological basis of sickle cell disease, management and current therapeutics.\n          Bull Soc Pathol Exot\n          2001. 94:77\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b06","series-title":"Manual de Sa\u00fade Bucal na Doen\u00e7a Falciforme","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brasil, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o Especializada\n          \n          Manual de Sa\u00fade Bucal na Doen\u00e7a Falciforme. Bras\u00edliaMinist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 2007."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b07","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"812","article-title":"A study of the radiographic features of the jaws in sickle-cell anaemia.","volume":"37","author":"Mourshed, F.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mourshed, F. and C. R.Tuckson. A study of the radiographic features of the jaws in sickle-cell anaemia.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol1974. 37:812\u2013819."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b08","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"653","article-title":"Sickle cell gnathopathy: radiologic assessment.","volume":"61","author":"Brown, D. L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brown, D. L. and J. L.Sebes. Sickle cell gnathopathy: radiologic assessment.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol1986. 61:653\u2013656."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b09","series-title":"Q Natl Dent Assoc","first-page":"80","article-title":"Cephalofacial characteristics of North American black individuals with sickle cell disease.","volume":"32","author":"Altemus, L. A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Altemus, L. A. and C. W.Epps. Cephalofacial characteristics of North American black individuals with sickle cell disease.Q Natl Dent Assoc1974. 32:80\u201388."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b10","series-title":"Spec Care Dentist","first-page":"38","article-title":"Sickle cell anaemia: a review of dental concerns and a retrospective study of dental and bony changes.","volume":"15","author":"Taylor, L. B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Taylor, L. B., A. J.Nowak, R. H.Giller, and P. S.Casamassimo. Sickle cell anaemia: a review of dental concerns and a retrospective study of dental and bony changes.Spec Care Dentist1995. 15:38\u201342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b11","series-title":"Acta Odontol Latinoam","first-page":"101","article-title":"Sickle cell anaemia oral manifestations in a Venezuelan population.","volume":"10","author":"Saint Clair de Velasquez, Y.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Saint Clair de Velasquez, Y. and H.Rivera. Sickle cell anaemia oral manifestations in a Venezuelan population.Acta Odontol Latinoam1997. 10:101\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b12","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"321","article-title":"Anthropometric finding in Nigerian children with sickle cell disease.","volume":"24","author":"Oredugba, F. A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oredugba, F. A. and K. O.Savage. Anthropometric finding in Nigerian children with sickle cell disease.Pediatr Dent2002. 24:321\u2013325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b13","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"214","article-title":"Fourier analysis reveals increased trabecular spacing in sickle cell anaemia.","volume":"81","author":"Faber, T. D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Faber, T. D., D. C.Yoon, and S. C.White. Fourier analysis reveals increased trabecular spacing in sickle cell anaemia.J Dent Res2002. 81:214\u2013218."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"238","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology in patients with sickle cell disease: a cephalometric analysis.","volume":"29","author":"Licciardello, V.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Licciardello, V., G.Bertuna, and P.Samperi. Craniofacial morphology in patients with sickle cell disease: a cephalometric analysis.Eur J Orthod2007. 29:238\u2013242."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b15","series-title":"HU Revista","first-page":"85","article-title":"Altera\u00e7\u00f5es esquel\u00e9ticas craniofaciais em portadores de anaemia falciforme na cidade de Juiz de Fora.","volume":"34","author":"Souza, P. H. G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Souza, P. H. G., R. S. F.Oliveira, J. M.Rocha, M. A.Gravina, and R. W. F.Vitral. Altera\u00e7\u00f5es esquel\u00e9ticas craniofaciais em portadores de anaemia falciforme na cidade de Juiz de Fora.HU Revista2008. 34:85\u201391."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b16","series-title":"Spec Care Dentist","first-page":"249","article-title":"Dental aesthetics assessed against orthodontic treatment complexity and need in Nigerian patients with sickle-cell anaemia.","volume":"29","author":"Onyeaso, C. O.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Onyeaso, C. O. and O. O.da Costa. Dental aesthetics assessed against orthodontic treatment complexity and need in Nigerian patients with sickle-cell anaemia.Spec Care Dentist2009. 29:249\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"448","article-title":"Effects of sickle cell disease on growth of the craniofacial complexes.","volume":"129","author":"Jacobson, Alex","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobson, Alex and T. C.Bandeen. Effects of sickle cell disease on growth of the craniofacial complexes.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 129:448."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b18","series-title":"Rev Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"67","article-title":"Uso da cefalometria em Ortodontia: o valor diagn\u00f3stico, cient\u00edfico e os erros mais comuns.","volume":"7","author":"Ferreira, N. S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferreira, N. S., E. T.Mazzieiro, and F. R.Manzi. Uso da cefalometria em Ortodontia: o valor diagn\u00f3stico, cient\u00edfico e os erros mais comuns.Rev Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial2009. 7:67\u201374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b19","series-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico em Ortodontia: Normas para Diagn\u00f3stico","first-page":"47","author":"Capelozza Filho, L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Capelozza Filho, L.\n          \n          Diagn\u00f3stico em Ortodontia: Normas para Diagn\u00f3stico. Maring\u00e1Dental Press. 2004. 47\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b20","series-title":"R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"159","article-title":"An\u00e1lise facial subjetiva.","volume":"11","author":"Reis, S. A. B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reis, S. A. B., J.Abr\u00e3o, L.Capelozza Filho, and C. A. A.Claro. An\u00e1lise facial subjetiva.R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial2006. 11:159\u2013172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"162","article-title":"The role of cephalometrics in orthodontic case analysis and diagnosis.","volume":"38","author":"Downs, W. B.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Downs, W. B.\n          \n          The role of cephalometrics in orthodontic case analysis and diagnosis.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1952. 38:162\u2013182."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthodontist","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cephalometrics in clinical practice.","volume":"29","author":"Steiner, C. C.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Steiner, C. C.\n          \n          Cephalometrics in clinical practice.\n          Angle Orthodontist\n          1959. 29:8\u201327."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b23","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"49","article-title":"The emerging soft tissue paradigms in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.","volume":"2","author":"Ackerman, J. L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ackerman, J. L., W. R.Proffit, and D. M.Sarver. The emerging soft tissue paradigms in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Clin Orthod Res1999. 2:49\u201352."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"142","article-title":"The predictability of maxillary repositioning in Le Fort I orthognathic surgery.","volume":"122","author":"Jacobson, R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacobson, R. and D. M.Sarver. The predictability of maxillary repositioning in Le Fort I orthognathic surgery.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2002. 122:142\u2013154."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b25","series-title":"Rev Clin Ortodon","first-page":"95","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00f5es tegumentares, esquel\u00e9ticas e dent\u00e1rias do perfil facial.","volume":"5","author":"Lopes, K. B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lopes, K. B., J. B.Paiva, J. R.Neto, G. V.Queiroz, M. F.Bozzini, and B.Farias. Avalia\u00e7\u00f5es tegumentares, esquel\u00e9ticas e dent\u00e1rias do perfil facial.Rev Clin Ortodon2007. 5:95\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b26","series-title":"Rev Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"77","article-title":"Estudo cefalom\u00e9trico individualizado do posicionamento da maxila em indiv\u00edduos com equil\u00edbrio facial e oclus\u00e3o normal.","volume":"13","author":"Silva, F. P. L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silva, F. P. L., C. T. L. A.Gil, D. F.Siqueira, and M. A.Scanavini. Estudo cefalom\u00e9trico individualizado do posicionamento da maxila em indiv\u00edduos com equil\u00edbrio facial e oclus\u00e3o normal.Rev Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial2008. 13:77\u201388."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b27","series-title":"Rev Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"67","article-title":"Estudo cefalom\u00e9trico da correla\u00e7\u00e3o da anatomia da base craniana com o padr\u00e3o facial e as bases apicais.","volume":"13","author":"Ara\u00fajo, M. C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, M. C., A. C. R.Nah\u00e1s, F. A.Cotrim-Ferreira, and P. E. G.Carvalho. Estudo cefalom\u00e9trico da correla\u00e7\u00e3o da anatomia da base craniana com o padr\u00e3o facial e as bases apicais.Rev Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial2008. 13:67\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b28","series-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Medidas Cefalom\u00e9tricas de Indiv\u00edduos Negros, Brasileiros, Portadores de Oclus\u00e3o Excelente [disserta\u00e7\u00e3o]","author":"Fortes, L. A. P.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fortes, L. A. P.\n          \n          Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Medidas Cefalom\u00e9tricas de Indiv\u00edduos Negros, Brasileiros, Portadores de Oclus\u00e3o Excelente [disserta\u00e7\u00e3o]. Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia. 2000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b29","series-title":"J Dent Child","first-page":"431","article-title":"Cephalometric study of American black children with sickle-cell disease.","volume":"6","author":"Shnorhokian, H. I.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shnorhokian, H. I., D. C.Chapman, M. M.Nazif, and T. G.Zullo. Cephalometric study of American black children with sickle-cell disease.J Dent Child1984. 6:431\u2013433."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b30","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment of patients with sickle-cell anaemia.","volume":"76","author":"Alves, P. V. M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alves, P. V. M., D. K. M.Alves, M. M. G.Souza, and S. R.Torres. Orthodontic treatment of patients with sickle-cell anaemia.Angle Orthod2006. 76:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b31","series-title":"R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"67","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas cefalom\u00e9tricas dos indiv\u00edduos Padr\u00e3o I.","volume":"10","author":"Reis, S. A. B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reis, S. A. B., L.Capelozza Filho, M. A.Cardoso, and M. A.Scanavini. Caracter\u00edsticas cefalom\u00e9tricas dos indiv\u00edduos Padr\u00e3o I.R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial2005. 10:67\u201377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b32","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"58","article-title":"Soft tissue profile in White Brazilian adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces.","volume":"78","author":"Scavone\n              Jr, H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scavone\n              Jr, H., W.Zahn-Silva, K. M.Valle-Corotti, and A. C. R.Nah\u00e1s. Soft tissue profile in White Brazilian adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces.Angle Orthod2008. 78:58\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-115-b33","series-title":"R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial","first-page":"36","article-title":"Estudo comparativo do perfil facial de indiv\u00edduos Padr\u00f5es I, II e III portadores de selamento labial passivo.","volume":"11","author":"Reis, S. A. B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reis, S. A. B., J.Abr\u00e3o, L.Capelozza Filho, and C. A. A.Claro. Estudo comparativo do perfil facial de indiv\u00edduos Padr\u00f5es I, II e III portadores de selamento labial passivo.R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial2006. 11:36\u201345."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:52:56Z","timestamp":1747356776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p115.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/012910-61.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}