{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:52:22Z","timestamp":1788227542399,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To examine the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue treatment effects of retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with mini-implant anchorage in nongrowing Class II division 1 female patients.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> Twenty-three patients (overjet \u22657 mm) were selected on the basis of predefined selection criteria. Treatment mechanics consisted of retraction of anterior teeth by placing mini-implants in the interdental bone between the roots of the maxillary first molar and second premolar. A force of 150 g was applied, bilaterally. Treatment effects were analyzed by taking lateral cephalograms and study casts at T1 (before initiation of retraction) and at T2 (after complete space closure).<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The upper anterior teeth showed significant retraction (5.18 \u00b1 2.74 mm) and intrusion (1.32 \u00b1 1.08 mm). The upper first molar also showed some distal movement and intrusion, but this was not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05). The upper and lower lips were retracted by 2.41 mm and 2.73 mm, respectively, and the convexity angle reduced by over 2\u00b0 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Mini-implants provided absolute anchorage to bring about significant dental and soft tissue changes in moderate to severe Class II division 1 patients and can be considered as possible alternatives to orthognathic surgery in select cases. (<jats:italic>Angle Orthod.<\/jats:italic> 2009:79; )<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/013008-52.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T19:34:33Z","timestamp":1222284873000},"page":"240-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Dentoskeletal and Soft Tissue Effects of Mini-Implants in Class II division 1 Patients"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Madhur","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Fellow, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, KLES' Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009PhD student, Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Biology, Indiana School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nagaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Assistant Professor, Researcher, Department of Orthodontics, KLES' Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, KLES' Institute of Dental Sciences, JNMC Campus, Belgaum, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Professor and Head, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b1","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"28","article-title":"Dentofacial and soft tissue changes in Class II division 1 cases treated with and without extractions.","volume":"107","author":"Bishara, S. E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bishara, S. E., D. M.Cummins, J. R.Jakobsen, and A. R.Zaher. Dentofacial and soft tissue changes in Class II division 1 cases treated with and without extractions.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 107:28\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b2","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"298","article-title":"Treatment of Class II malocclusions with removable appliances. Part 4. Class II division 2 treatment.","volume":"168","author":"Rock, W. P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rock, W. P.\n          \n          Treatment of Class II malocclusions with removable appliances. Part 4. Class II division 2 treatment.\n          Br Dent J\n          1990. 168:298\u2013302."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b3","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"4","article-title":"The effect of maxillary first premolar extraction and incisor retraction on mandibular position: testing the central dogma of \u201cfunctional orthodontics\u201d.","volume":"101","author":"Luecke, P. E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Luecke, P. E. and L. E.Johnston. The effect of maxillary first premolar extraction and incisor retraction on mandibular position: testing the central dogma of \u201cfunctional orthodontics\u201d.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1992. 101:4\u201312."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b4","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"693","article-title":"Rigid implant anchorage to close a mandibular first molar extraction site.","volume":"28","author":"Roberts, W. E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Roberts, W. E., C. L.Nelson, and C. J.Goodacre. Rigid implant anchorage to close a mandibular first molar extraction site.J Clin Orthod1994. 28:693\u2013704."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"382","article-title":"A clinical evaluation of titanium miniplates as anchors for orthodontic treatment.","volume":"128","author":"Choi, B. H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Choi, B. H., S. J.Zhu, and Y. H.Kim. A clinical evaluation of titanium miniplates as anchors for orthodontic treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2005. 128:382\u2013384."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b6","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"703","article-title":"Sliding mechanics with microscrew implant anchorage.","volume":"74","author":"Park, H. S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park, H. S. and T. G.Kwon. Sliding mechanics with microscrew implant anchorage.Angle Orthod2004. 74:703\u2013710."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b7","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"417","article-title":"Micro-implant anchorage for treatment of skeletal Class I bialveolar protrusion.","volume":"35","author":"Park, H. S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Park, H. S., S. M.Bae, H. M.Kyung, and J. H.Sung. Micro-implant anchorage for treatment of skeletal Class I bialveolar protrusion.J Clin Orthod2001. 35:417\u2013422."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b8","article-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd ed.","author":"Proffit, W. R.","unstructured":"Proffit, W. R. and H. W.Fields. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd ed.St Louis, Mo: Mosby Inc; 2000:94\u2013112."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b9","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"99","article-title":"A clinical study of maxillary canine retraction with a retraction spring and with sliding mechanics.","volume":"95","author":"Ziegler, P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ziegler, P. and B.Ingervall. A clinical study of maxillary canine retraction with a retraction spring and with sliding mechanics.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1989. 95:99\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"551","article-title":"Comparison and measurement of the amount of anchorage loss of the molars with and without the use of implant anchorage during canine retraction.","volume":"129","author":"Thiruvenkatachari, B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thiruvenkatachari, B., A.Pavithranand, K.Rajasigamani, and H. M.Kyung. Comparison and measurement of the amount of anchorage loss of the molars with and without the use of implant anchorage during canine retraction.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 129:551\u2013554."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Current concepts of anchorage management.","volume":"42","author":"Baker, R. W.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Baker, R. W., A. H.Guay, and H. W.PetersonJr.. Current concepts of anchorage management.Angle Orthod1972. 42:129\u2013138."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"353","article-title":"Biomechanical design and clinical evaluation of new canine-retraction spring.","volume":"87","author":"Gjessing, P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gjessing, P.\n          \n          Biomechanical design and clinical evaluation of new canine-retraction spring.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1985. 87:353\u2013362."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"500","article-title":"The effect of bite-blocks with and without repelling magnets studied histomorphologically in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).","volume":"108","author":"Melsen, B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Melsen, B., J. A.McNamaraJr, and D. C.Hoenie. The effect of bite-blocks with and without repelling magnets studied histomorphologically in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:500\u2013509."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"322","article-title":"Biomechanical basis of vertical dimension control during rapid palatal expansion therapy.","volume":"106","author":"Majourau, A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Majourau, A. and R.Nanda. Biomechanical basis of vertical dimension control during rapid palatal expansion therapy.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 106:322\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b15","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"678","article-title":"Vertical force considerations in differential space closure.","volume":"24","author":"Melsen, B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Melsen, B., V.Fotis, and C. J.Burstone. Vertical force considerations in differential space closure.J Clin Orthod1990. 24:678\u2013683."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Variability of effective root torque as a function of edge bevel on orthodontic archwires.","volume":"86","author":"Sebanc, J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sebanc, J., W. A.Brantley, J. J.Pinesak, and J. P.Conover. Variability of effective root torque as a function of edge bevel on orthodontic archwires.Am J Orthod1984. 86:43\u201351."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"A long-term comparison of non extraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in borderline Class II patients.","volume":"102","author":"Paquette, D. E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Paquette, D. E., J. R.Beathie, and L. E.Johnston. A long-term comparison of non extraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in borderline Class II patients.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1992. 102:1\u201314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"524","article-title":"Effects of camouflage treatment on dentofacial structures in Class II division 1 mandibular retrognathic patients.","volume":"27","author":"Demir, A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Demir, A., T.Uysal, Z.Sari, and F. A.Basciftci. Effects of camouflage treatment on dentofacial structures in Class II division 1 mandibular retrognathic patients.Eur J Orthod2005. 27:524\u2013531."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"361","article-title":"The segmented arch approach to space closure.","volume":"82","author":"Burstone, C. J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Burstone, C. J.\n          \n          The segmented arch approach to space closure.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1982. 82:361\u2013363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"272","article-title":"Esthetics, environment and the law of lip relation.","volume":"54","author":"Ricketts, R. M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ricketts, R. M.\n          \n          Esthetics, environment and the law of lip relation.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1968. 54:272\u2013289."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"537","article-title":"Reliability of soft-tissue profile in cephalometrics.","volume":"74","author":"Hillesund, E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hillesund, E., D.Fjeld, and B. U.Zacchrisson. Reliability of soft-tissue profile in cephalometrics.Am J Orthod1978. 74:537\u2013550."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0240-b22","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"199","article-title":"Soft tissue response to upper incisor retraction in boys.","volume":"1","author":"Wisth, P. J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wisth, P. J.\n          \n          Soft tissue response to upper incisor retraction in boys.\n          Br J Orthod\n          1974. 1:199\u2013204."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p240.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/2\/240\/1388300\/013008-52_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p240.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p240.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:47:43Z","timestamp":1747356463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p240.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/013008-52.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}