{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:17:08Z","timestamp":1780474628621,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and compare mutagenicity (micronucleus) and cytotoxicity (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of children following cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or conventional radiograph exposure necessary for orthodontic planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 49 healthy children were submitted to CBCT or a conventional orthodontic radiographic protocol; they were divided into two groups based on exam: CBCT (n \u200a=\u200a 24) and Radiographic Set (n \u200a=\u200a 25) groups. The micronucleus test in the exfoliated buccal mucosa cells was applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was not a statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05) found between the number of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells (MNC) before and after exposure to radiation in either group, showing that neither group experienced a mutagenic effect. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, including karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis, in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). The CBCT group presented a greater increase in cell death than was noted in the Radiographic Set group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .044).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the micronucleus test, mutagenicity was not induced by the CBCT or the conventional radiographs, but cytotoxicity was verified after these exams, especially after CBCT. That might have happened once the CBCT group received a greater radiation dose than the Radiographic Set group as a result of the protocols used in orthodontic planning for this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/013112-88.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T14:05:44Z","timestamp":1338559544000},"page":"104-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients submitted to ionizing radiation"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Diego Coelho","family":"Lorenzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MS student, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Cuzzuol","family":"Fracalossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Department of Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS student, Department of Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Araki","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Santos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Franzotti","family":"Sant'Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-104-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"579","article-title":"Secular trends in preadult orthodontic care in the United States: 1942\u20132002","volume":"132","author":"Bollen\n              AM ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bollen\n              AM , \n            \n              Cunha-Cruz\n              J , \n            \n              Hujoel\n              PP . \n          \n          Secular trends in preadult orthodontic care in the United States: 1942\u20132002 . 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2007 ;132 :579 \u2013585 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-104-b02","series-title":"J Radiat Res (Tokyo)","first-page":"135","article-title":"Cytogenetic damage in circulating lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy","volume":"46","author":"Minicucci\n              EM ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Minicucci\n              EM , \n            \n              Kowalski\n              LP , \n            \n              Maia\n              MA , \n            et al . \n          Cytogenetic damage in circulating lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells of head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy . J Radiat Res (Tokyo) . 2005 ;46 :135 \u2013142 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-104-b03","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"398","article-title":"Genotoxic effects of X-rays on keratinized mucosa cells during panoramic dental radiography","volume":"37","author":"Cerqueira\n              EM ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cerqueira\n              EM , \n            \n              Meireles\n              JR , \n            \n              Lopes\n              MA , \n            et al . \n          Genotoxic effects of X-rays on keratinized mucosa cells during panoramic dental radiography . Dentomaxillofac Radiol . 2008 ;37 :398 \u2013403 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-104-b04","series-title":"Environ Health Perspect","first-page":"167","article-title":"The micronucleus test as an in vivo cytogenetic method","volume":"6","author":"Miller\n              RC .","year":"1973","unstructured":"Miller\n              RC . \n          \n          The micronucleus test as an in vivo cytogenetic method . Environ Health Perspect . 1973 ;6 :167 \u2013170 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-104-b05","series-title":"Mutat Res","first-page":"93","article-title":"The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps","volume":"659","author":"Holland\n              N ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holland\n              N , \n            \n              Bolognesi\n              C , \n            \n              Kirsch-Volders\n              M , \n            et al . \n          The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps . 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